Liu Yiqing (403 –444 CE), courtesy name Jibo, was a Han Chinese scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty who was originally from Pengcheng (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and lived in Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). The nephew of Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yu, the second son of Liu Daopi the Prince of Jing of Changsha, and his uncle Liu Daogui the Prince of Linchuan, who had no children, took Liu Yiqing as his heir and attacked the King of Linchuan.
Liu Yiqing served as a secretary and supervisor, in charge of the country's books and works, and had the opportunity to contact and exhibit royal classics. At the age of 17, he was promoted to shangshu zuo servant and became a very popular subject, but the "main battle" between his cousin Emperor Wen of Song and Liu Yikang became increasingly fierce, so Liu Yiqing was also afraid of the misfortune of the unexpected, and at the age of 29, he begged for an external transfer and dismissed the left servant. He once served as an official in Jingzhou, such as Jingzhou Assassin History, and spent 8 years in politics, with good political achievements. Later served as the Assassin of Jiangzhou.
Liu Yiqing was Liu Yu's nephew, who was quite outstanding among the kings, and was known to Liu Yu since childhood, praising him as "this my family's fengcheng also". He was "sexually simple and oligophilic". He loves literature and recruits people from all over the world to gather under the door. Liu Song Sect Room, Liu Yiqing has been talented since childhood. Author of "The World Speaks a New Language", Zhi Wei novel "Youminglu"
First, the character experience
Liu Yiqing (403–444 AD), courtesy name Jibo, was a Han Chinese, native of Pengcheng, Song Dynasty (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu), a literary scholar who lived in Jingkou, Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty, and Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty Song literary scholar. Liu Yiqing has been talented since childhood and loves literature. In addition to "The New Language of the World", he also wrote the Zhiwei novel "Youminglu". The New Language of the World was written by a group of literati he organized. The nephew of Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yu, the second son of Liu Daopi, the King of Jing of Changsha, and his uncle Liu Daogui the Prince of Linchuan, who had no children, that is, with Liu Yiqing as his heir, he gave the King of Linchuan the title of Jingzhou Assassin and other official positions, and spent 8 years in power, with good political achievements. Later served as the Assassin of Jiangzhou. Liu Yiqing was a nephew of Emperor Wu of the Liu Song Dynasty, and was quite outstanding among the kings and was highly valued.
(1) Jing Yin period (15-30 years old). At the age of 15, Liu Yiqing came all the way to Qingyun, where he served as a secretary and supervisor, in charge of the country's books and works, had the opportunity to contact and read the royal classics, laid a good foundation for the compilation of the "New Language of the World", and at the age of 17 was promoted to Shangshu Zuo Servant (equivalent to the former deputy prime minister), a very popular subject. However, during this period, the "main dispute" between his cousins Emperor Wen of Song and Liu Yikang became increasingly fierce. Therefore, Liu Yiqing was also afraid of unforeseen disasters, and at the age of 29, he begged for an external transfer and dismissed the post of left servant.
(2) Jingzhou period (30-36 years old). Liu Yiqing served as the Assassin of Jingzhou and was quite meritorious. Jingzhou is an important town in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and has lived a stable life here for 8 years.
(3) Jiangnan period (37-41 years old). Liu Yiqing served as the Assassin of Jiangzhou and the History of the Southern Yanzhou Assassin, and at the age of 38 began to compile the "New Language of the World", and had frequent contacts with the literati and monks at that time. Later, due to illness, he died in Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) at the age of 41, with the nickname "King Kang". Liu Yiqing was a man who was "simple in nature, oligophilic, and fond of literature and righteousness", and could be called a literati politician. Although he has held important positions in his life, his political achievements are lackluster, in addition to his own personality is not enthusiastic, the most important thing is that he is not willing to get involved in the power struggle of the Liu Song royal family. Many literati gathered under his disciples, and famous scholars such as Yuan Shu, Lu Zhan, He Changyu, Bao Zhao, and others at that time were treated with courtesy by him.
2. Related events
When Liu Yiqing was 13 years old, he was given the title of Duke of Nan Commandery (南郡公), and later passed on to his uncle Liu Daogui (劉道规), the Prince of Linchuan, thus becoming the Prince of Linchuan. Liu Yiqing liked literature and was brilliant since childhood, and won the trust of Emperor Wu of Song and Emperor Wen of Song, and was highly treated with courtesy.
"The New Language of the World" is a collection of notebook novels, this book not only records the speech and anecdotes of the scholar class from the Han Wei to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, reflecting the thoughts, lives and the atmosphere of the scholars and masters at that time, and its language is concise, the text is vivid and vivid, so since its inception, it has been loved and valued by the literati, dramas, novels such as Guan Hanqing's miscellaneous drama "Jade Mirror Platform", Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and so on often look for materials.
Of course, because Liu Yiqing was in Yangzhou at that time and heard a lot of local character stories and folklore, some stories that occurred in Yangzhou at that time were also recorded in the "New Language of the World". For example, the familiar idiom "aggressive and strange" in later generations originated from the fact that after Yin Hao, a Chinese general who had served as a General of Jianwu and the Assassin of Yangzhou, was deposed as a civilian, he never said a word of complaint, and only wrote and painted in the air with his fingers every day. The officials of Yangzhou secretly observed along his lines and saw that he was only writing the four words "aggressive and strange things." Everyone knows that he is using this method to express the unfairness in his heart.
Unfortunately, just after the book "The New Language of the World" was written, Liu Yiqing left Yangzhou due to illness, and soon after returning to the capital, he died young, at the age of 41, and Emperor Wen of Song was so distressed that he gave him the title of "King Kang".
3. Related events
3. Major works
Liu Yiqing wrote "YoumingLu" and "Xuanjian Record", all of which have been scattered, and now only the book "The New Language of the World" exists. Liu Xiaobiao of the Liang Dynasty wrote an annotation to the "New Language of the World", citing more than 400 kinds of books, parallel to the "New Language of the World".
<h3>Poems</h3>
Dark night cry
The cage window is not open. Dark night cry. Night crying hope lang comes.
Poetry of The Lake
The scenery turns harmonious. Plants and trees grow. Plum blossoms cover the tree white. Peach apricot shines.
<h3>"The World Speaks a New Language"</h3>
Liu Yiqing is the editor of the book, not the author. "The New Language of the World" is a representative work of the "Zhiren Novel" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. According to the content, it can be divided into thirty-six categories such as "virtue", "speech", "political affairs", "literature", "founder", etc., and each category is included
"The World Speaks a New Language" (2 photos)
A number of articles, the whole book a total of more than a thousand, each text length is different, some several lines, some three words and two words, from which can see the "casual and remember" appeal and characteristics of the note novel.
The "New Language of the World" mainly records the life and thoughts of the people of the world, as well as the situation of the ruling class, reflecting the words and deeds of the literati in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and the life of the upper class, the record is quite rich and true, describing the situation of the times and the political and social environment in which the scholars lived at that time, and showing the style of "Wei and Jin Qing Talk".
Originally 8 volumes, the "New Language of the World" is now 3 volumes, divided into 36 disciplines such as virtue, speech, political affairs, literature, fangzheng, yaliang, knowledge, and appreciation, which mainly describe the speech and anecdotes of the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the jin dynasty scholar Qing Gaofang's birthday, which more reflects the thinking, life and atmosphere of the scholar clan at that time. Lu Xun once pointed out: "This kind of qing talk originally came from the Han Zhi Qing discussion. At the end of the Han Dynasty, politics was dark, and the general celebrities discussed political affairs, which were very powerful in society at first, and then they were jealous of the rulers, and gradually they were killed, such as Kong Rong, You Heng, etc. were all killed by Cao Cao, so when they reached the bottom of the Jin Dynasty, they did not dare to discuss political affairs anymore, but became exclusively talking about xuanli; qing deliberation without talking about political affairs became the so-called qing talk. However, this kind of talking celebrity was still very powerful in society at that time, and if he could not talk about it, it seemed that he was not qualified for a celebrity; and the book "The Story of the World" could almost be regarded as a textbook of celebrity. ”
In addition, "The New Language of the World" makes good use of literary techniques of contrast, metaphor, exaggeration, and depiction, which not only preserves many popular sayings and famous sentences, but also adds infinite brilliance to the whole book.
Nowadays, in addition to the value of literary appreciation, the character deeds, literary allusions, and other thoughts of "The New Language of the World" are mostly taken and quoted by later authors, and have a particularly great influence on later notes.
In the "New Language of the World", the "Son of Yang" was selected to be included in the tenth lesson of the second book of the fifth grade of the Human-Taught Edition of Chinese.
Introduction to the content of "The New Language of the World"
"The New Language of the World" was compiled by a group of literati organized by Liu Yiqing. Yiqing is simple in nature, oligophilic, and loves literature and righteousness. Gather people of literature, from near and far. At that time, famous scribes such as Yuan Shu, Lu Zhan, He Changyu, Bao Zhao, and others were all treated with courtesy by him. It may be that he and the people under the door have compiled and polished the miscellaneous books, which is a collection of Zhiren's novels.
This book records anecdotes from the Han Wei to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although the record is a few words, the content is very rich, and it widely reflects the lifestyle and spiritual outlook of the scholar class in this period, as well as its atmosphere of pure talk and lethims. This book has a profound influence on the development of later notebook novels, and the works written in the style of this book are even more numerous, and they are self-contained in ancient novels. Many of the stories in the book have become the material for later opera novels, or have become allusions commonly used in the poetry of later generations, which have an important position in the history of Chinese literature, and Mr. Lu Xun called it "the textbook of Mingshidi".
Writing background
The content of "The New Language of the World" is mainly to record the anecdotes and hypocrisy of the Famous Scholars of Wei and Jin, and it can also be said that this is a collection of stories of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, which also plays the role of the "textbook" of the Famous Scholars. According to Feng Youlan, the wind flow is a kind of personality beauty, and there are four conditions for constituting the true wind flow: mysterious heart, insight, wonderful appreciation, and deep affection. Of course, this kind of personality beauty was measured by the standards of the scholars at that time. Of the three volumes and 36 doors of the "New Sayings of the World", the first volume is four: virtue, speech, political affairs, and literature; the middle volume is nine: Fangzheng, Yaliang, Zhijian, Appreciation, Pinzao, Zhizhen, Jie Wu, Sui Hui, and Hao Shuang, and these 13 are all positive praises. In the next volume of 23 doors, the situation is more complicated. Some of the praises are more obvious, such as tolerance, self-renewal, and xianyuan. Some seem to have a derogatory meaning, such as Ren Zhi, Jian Arrogant, Thrifty, Angry, and Drowning, but it is not all derogatory. Some are derogatory, such as the four articles in "slander" and some entries in "eliminating luxury". There are also many articles that are just about some kind of true feelings, and it doesn't matter whether they are praised or disparaged. It is both an outpouring of true feelings and a manifestation of a current, so the compilers relish narrating it.
The "New Language of the World" is an excellent historical material for studying the wind and currents of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Among them, the various activities of the Wei and Jin celebrities, such as lightness and character, various personality characteristics such as Qiyi, Ren Zhi, Jian Arrogance, various pursuits of life, and various hobbies, are vividly described. Looking at the whole book, we can get group portraits of several generations of scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Through these characters, we can further understand the fashion of the upper class society of that era.
Mr. Lu Xun once summarized its artistic characteristics as "Remembering words is Xuanyuan cold, and remembering deeds is high and simple and magnificent" ("Historical Outline of Chinese Novels").
The "New Sayings of the World" and Liu Xiao's annotations involve more than 1,500 characters of various types, including the main figures of the Wei and Jin dynasties, whether emperors, generals, hermits or monks. Its description of the characters is some emphasis on the shape, some on the learning, some on the psychology, but all concentrated on one point, that is, the emphasis on the performance of the characteristics of the characters, through the unique speech and demeanor to write out the unique character of the unique characters, so that it is vivid, vivid, and jumping on the paper. For example, "Frugality": "Wang Rong has a good Plum, selling it is afraid of people to get its seeds, and constantly drilling its core." In just 16 words, Wang Rong's greedy and miserly nature is written. Another example is the "Yaliang" record that when Gu Yong was watching the crowd playing chess, he got the bad news of the loss of his son, and even suppressed the grief, "Although the spirit remained unchanged, but the heart was the reason." Pinch your palm with your claws, and the blood will flow on the mattress." One detail vividly shows Gu Yong's personality.
"The New Language of the World" portrays the character image, the expression method is flexible and diverse, and some are contrasted by the different performances of several people in the same environment, such as the "YaLiang" record that Xie An and Sun Qi and others encountered wind and waves in the sea, Xie An "looked idle and said", calm and calm, but Sun Qi and others were "colored and unsatisfied" and "noisy and did not sit", showing Xie An's "grace" in danger. Some grasp the main characteristics of the character's personality as a comic exaggeration, such as the colorful description of Wang Shu's various stupidities of eating eggs in "Wrathful", to show his sexual impatience: "Wang Lantian is anxious. When he tasted the chicken, he stabbed it with a thorn, but he was furious and threw it to the ground. The chicken does not stop turning in the ground, but still goes down to the ground with its teeth, and it is not allowed, and it is even worse, and it is repeated in the inner mouth of the ground, and it is spit when it is broken. Some use personalized colloquialisms to express the demeanor of the characters, such as Wang Dao's "sitting with his tail fingers" in "Appreciation", asking He Chong to sit together and say: "Come, come, this is Juncong!" "Vividly portraying the importance that Wang Dao placed on He Chong." Although "The New Language of the World" is not fictional, it must be refined, and this refinement is the art of writing novels.
The language of "The New Language of the World" is simple and subtle, timeless and expressive, revealing a variety of wit and humor, and many widely used idioms are from this book, such as: difficult brothers and difficult brothers, picking up people's teeth and wisdom, aggressive and strange things, deep love, and so on.
"The New Language of the World" has a very profound influence on later generations, not only imitating its novels continue to appear, but also many plays and novels are also based on it.
<h3>"Youminglu"</h3>
"Youminglu"
"Youminglu", also known as "Yu Minglu" and "Yu Nether Record", is a collection of Zhiwei novels written by Liu Yiqing Jimenke. "Zhou Yi Zhi Ci" "is the reason for knowing the secret." The annotation is "mysterious, tangible and invisible." "The ghosts and spirits and strange things recorded in the book are fickle and agree with this meaning, so they take this name. The original book of 30 volumes[6] has been scattered, and Lu Xun's "Ancient Novel Hook Sink" has compiled 265 articles. Many of the stories in the book are the same as those in "The Legend of Lieyi", "Search for God", and "Afterword of Search god".
The "Youminglu" has a great influence on later generations, such as the story of Liu Chenruan zhao's encounter with the fairy in Tiantai Mountain has been widely circulated, the story of Pang'a and the encounter with the female soul of the Shi clan is similar to the plot of the Tang "Leaving the Soul", and the resurrection story of The Resurrection of Xu Xuanfang's daughter guangping taishou is the prototype of the "Peony Pavilion", and the Tang people also took the information from it when compiling the "Book of Jin".