465 AD
The Yijia Rebellion: The Royal Struggle of the Liu Song Dynasty
In 465, Liu Yu, the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun, staged a palace coup and established himself as Emperor Ming of Song.
The following year, Liu Zixun, the son of Emperor Xiaowu liu Jun and only 11 years old, proclaimed himself emperor under the support of Shi Dengwan, the governor of Jiangzhou, changed his era name to Yijia, and sent troops to denounce Liu Yu.
The Yijia disaster was ostensibly because Liu Zixun was coerced, but in essence it was a struggle between the two factions of the Liu and Song dynasties. One faction was the kings of the Song Ming Emperor led by Liu Yu, and the other was the kings of the Xiaowu Emperor behind Liu Zixun.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun, in order to ensure the stability of the imperial throne after the then crown prince Liu Ziye ascended the throne, before his death, he arranged for his confidants to assist the government, and the local clan towns were also controlled by his confidants.
However, after Liu Ziye ascended the throne, he was absurd and tyrannical, and the courtiers were very afraid of Liu Ziye, and most of them sought foreign appointments to save their lives. Under the rule of Liu Ziye, the imperial family also lived like a thin ice. Liu Yu was called the "Pig King" by Liu Ziye because of his obesity, and was also ordered to eat naked in the pit, dressed as a pig to perform for Liu Ziye's entertainment.
The third brother, Liu Zixun, was suspected by Liu Ziye of participating in a rebellion and usurping the throne. Liu Ziye sent emissaries to kill Liu Zixun, and officials led by Shi Denghuan, the governor of Jiangzhou, finally decided to raise an army to disobey.
In November of that year, Liu Zixun was coerced by Deng Huan to spread the word to the world and rebelled against Liu Ziye's murder of his relatives. Immediately, in the name of Liu Zixun, Deng Huan summoned the Yongzhou assassin Yuan Yun and other staff who held military power and announced to them the news of the uprising. However, before the army could act, Liu Cheng successfully assassinated Liu Ziye through a palace coup and established himself as Emperor Ming of Song. Although Liu Yu killed Liu Ziye, he was unable to adjust the local pattern arranged by Emperor Xiaowu. His self-reliance greatly stimulated the local bureaucrats who supported Emperor Xiaowu and joined Liu Zixun's clique, eventually forming a civil war situation between the local feudal towns and the central government.
Faced with the situation of rebellion in the world, Liu Yu quickly took action to suppress the rebellion. After Liu Zixun declared himself emperor, Liu Yu immediately responded and sent the Central Army to attack on all sides. Because it is a feud between brothers within the royal family, relatives in the two camps are mixed. Liu Yu personally sent the army out on the expedition, and promised in front of the sergeant, saying that the sins of father and son brothers would not sit and kill each other, so that the sergeant would go out without any worries. On the other hand, Liu Zixun did not have the right to speak, and Deng Huan, as the main figure who started an incident against Liu Yu, was despicable and dim-witted, and was in charge of the great politics of Xunyang, but he betrayed the official And The Lord, drinking and singing all day long, causing the villain to be in charge, and Shi Shu was resentful and dislocated.
As a result, although Liu Zixun's side had a great advantage at first, it gradually lost in the battle. However, Liu Yu's army was smooth sailing. The Western Route Army led by Liu Yu's general Shen Youzhi and Zhang Xingshi defeated Liu Zixun's generals Yuan Fu and Liu Hu successively. After the invasion of Xunyang City, Deng Huan was panicked and killed in civil unrest, and Shen Youzhi subsequently captured and beheaded Liu Zixun. At this point, more than 100,000 troops of Liu Zixun's regime were annihilated by Liu Yu's tens of thousands of troops, and the Song army successively pacified Jiangnan and Huainan, and the Difficulty of Yijia was quelled.
Conclusion: Liu Zixun's rebellion was a decisive battle between the Song Dynasty and the fratricidal forces, which led to the surrender of many towns to northern Wei, losing a large area of land, and the people of the southern dynasty were frequently plagued by war. After the quelling of the chaos, the liu song dynasty became increasingly divided, and civil strife broke out, accelerating the demise of the Song dynasty.
476 AD
Emperor Xianwen of northern Wei: Emperor Taishang of the mysterious death
In 476, Tuoba Hong, the Emperor Taishang of the Northern Wei Dynasty, died mysteriously at the age of twenty-three, and his title was Emperor Wen. The death of Emperor Xianwen is controversial, but it points to one person, Empress Feng, Emperor Xianwen's concubine.
In 465, Emperor Wencheng died, and the twelve-year-old crown prince Tuoba Hong took the throne, honoring the thirty-four-year-old Empress Feng as empress. Tuoba Hong was able to sit firmly on the throne at a young age, relying on Empress Feng. At that time, there was a powerful minister in the Northern Wei court named Yihun. Emperor Wencheng died, and Yi Hun, who was then a general in charge of the imperial guard, seized the opportunity to issue an edict to kill a number of ministers who opposed him and seized the power of the government on the grounds that the emperor was guarding the funeral according to the ceremonial system. The reason why Yihun was so arrogant was that he had targeted Empress Feng and Tuoba Hong's orphaned and widowed mother.
However, Empress Feng was not so good at bullying, she first pretended to be patient, in order to paralyze Yihun, she crowned him as a minister, and also let him take command of the forbidden army. Secretly, however, he recruited a group of loyalists for his own use, secretly made a plan, and took advantage of Yihun's hajj into the palace to hunt him down. Subsequently, she took control of the government and government until Tuoba Hong's two-year mourning period expired. Empress Feng was the empress of Tuoba Hong's father, Emperor Wencheng, but was not Tuoba Hong's biological mother. The history books record that she "guessed and endured many powers", and judging from the performance of the murder of Yihun and the late Pro-Dynasty system, she was also a woman with great political talent. With desire and the ability to realize, Empress Feng then became Tuoba Hong's heart disease.
After Tuoba Hong's pro-government, he was able to govern the country well, and his talents were outstanding, so that Empress Feng could not interfere in state affairs, and coupled with the fact that there was no blood relationship between Feng and Tuoba Hong, there was inevitably a gap between them. Moreover, Feng's young widow, private life is not very decent, often in the words to raise some beautiful young men to play with themselves. After a long time, there were rumors and rumors that reached the emperor's ears, and Tuoba Hong was very disgusted by this. At that time, Empress Feng had one of the most favored attendants, Li Yi. In the autumn of 470, Li Yi's brother, a close friend of Shangshu Li Shi and the tongzong Xiangzhou assassin Li Xin, was accused of the crime. In order to protect his own peace, Li Xin concealed twenty or thirty crimes from Li Shi. Tuoba Hong took the opportunity to order that li shi brothers be put on death row. In the winter of that year, Li Yi was killed at the same time as his brother Li Shi and his cousin Li Xiande. After Li Yi's death, Empress Feng lost a favored courtier, and it was extremely difficult for her to be at peace. Later, Tuoba Hong promoted Li Xin to Shangshu and participated in major state affairs, which Empress Feng regarded as a blatant provocation to her and was even more intolerable.
Empress Feng was in the imperial court for eighteen months, and she also had a certain prestige in the dynasty. Since then, Empress Feng has often used her influence to oppose Tuoba Hong, and the Wei Shu Tianxiang Zhi III clearly records: "The empress dowager was forced to pass on the throne to the crown prince." "And that happened in 471.
Tuoba Hong was only eighteen years old at the time, and his original plan was to give way to Tuoba Zitui, the emperor's uncle and the king of Jingzhao, but Empress Feng firmly disagreed. The first was that Tuoba Zitui was the same generation as Empress Feng, and Empress Feng was worried that he was not subject to his own restraint; the second was that Empress Feng already had a suitable candidate in her heart, that is, Tuoba Hong's eldest son, Tuoba Hong, the crown prince who was less than five years old. Empress Feng encouraged her subjects to advise Tuoba Hongchan to be the crown prince on the grounds that the succession of the Northern Wei emperor had always been passed down from father to son. In the end, Empress Feng's forces still prevailed, and Tuoba Hong sat on the throne, which was later Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei.
Tuoba Hong's concessions also had his own considerations, and his son was young, even if he became the Emperor Taishang, he could still hold the power in his own hands. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowen's reign, Tuoba Hong, who had moved to sogo palace, did not give up his power. In fact, Emperor Xianwen was still in charge of the Affairs of the Northern Wei Dynasty at this time, and not only handled the affairs of the imperial court personally, but also repeatedly issued edicts to exercise great power, and even personally led his troops on the Northern Expedition many times, and won a great victory in the battle against Rouran, which was quite the style of Emperor Taiwu of the ancestors.
Empress Feng fought with him and found that she had not yet bargained for anything. Even if she didn't mention the murder of her favorite, her own desire for power alone would be difficult to achieve as long as Takumi was alive. So Empress Feng began to kill.
In June 476, Tuoba Hong died mysteriously at the Yong'an Temple, at the age of twenty-three. Empress Feng was revered as empress dowager, and she once again came to the court to listen to the government and became the political core of Northern Wei. The first thing she did after she came to power was to execute Li Xin, who had framed Li Yi that year. In order to establish her prestige and monopolize power, Empress Feng did not hesitate to kill the entire family of Emperor Xiaowen's maternal grandfather Li Hui of Nanjun for treason.
Conclusion: Empress Feng, who had been in power for fifteen years, had been clinging to power as empress dowager, and had carried out the reform of the equalized field system and the three-chief system in the economic and political system of Northern Wei, and was the actual presiding officer of the comprehensive reform in the middle of Northern Wei, and at the same time she cultivated Emperor Xiaowen in the direction of Ming Jun and reformers, which had an important impact on Emperor Xiaowen's "Taihe reform".
The youngest Emperor Taishang in Chinese history, Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xianwen of northern Wei
477 AD
Xiao Daocheng declared himself king of Qi: the navel became a target
In 477, Xiao Daocheng deposed Emperor Liu Yu and proclaimed Liu Zhun emperor and proclaimed himself King of Qi.
Xiao Daocheng was the twenty-fourth grandson of Xiao He, the Chancellor of the Western Han Dynasty. At the age of 16, he abandoned Wen Congwu and began to serve the army of Liu Song. After years of fighting on the battlefield, Xiao Daocheng gradually rose to prominence and was successively appointed by Liu Song as an auxiliary general, a general of Xiao Qi, and a champion general. At this time, his reputation was far away, but he had not yet entered the DPRK and was still leading troops outside.
Xiao Daocheng was later able to become the King of Qi, inseparable from two key steps: first, Xiao Daocheng had made meritorious contributions to suppressing rebellion and was able to take power. In 472, Emperor Ming of Song liu Yu fell critically ill. Before his death, Liu Cheng ordered the crown prince Liu Yu to succeed to the throne. Because Liu Yu was too young, Liu Yu arranged five people at the same time to be the ministers who entrusted the orphans to assist the government. Liu Xiufan, the king of Guiyang, was the highest-ranking clan of the Liu family, but he was not elected as an auxiliary chancellor, and his face was very difficult and he held a grudge. Therefore, he divided Jiangzhou, and then rebelled under the banner of "Qing Jun's side" and directly approached the capital city of Jiankang.
Seeing that the rebels had captured Xinlin southwest of Jiankang, the Liu Song court was shaken. The auxiliary ministers summoned Xiao Daocheng to discuss countermeasures, and Xiao Daocheng advocated sticking to the key points to wait for work and personally leading the troops to suppress the rebellion.
Xiao Daocheng led the Forbidden Army to Xinshi and fought fiercely against Liu Xiufan's rebels. The two armies fought for a long time, and it was difficult to distinguish between victory and defeat for a while. At this time, Liu Xiufan wanted to understand the enemy's situation, so he climbed to a high place on his shoulder to look. Xiao Daocheng's subordinates saw that there were only a dozen people around Liu Xiufan, and felt that there was an opportunity to take advantage of it, so they suggested that Xiao Daocheng make a fraudulent plan to get rid of Liu Xiufan. Liu Xiufan was sure to succeed in the plan, and took Xiao Daocheng's two subordinates to his side, and one of them took advantage of Liu Xiufan's drunkenness and beheaded him. When the Rebels of Jiangzhou learned of Liu Xiufan's death, they still attacked and could not retreat, and finally under the command of Xiao Daocheng, Liu Xiufan's rebels were completely suppressed, and the city of Jiankang turned the crisis into safety.
Due to his meritorious efforts in suppressing the rebellion, Xiao Daocheng mastered the Janissaries and became a duke, allowing him to enter the government. Soon, Liu Jingsu, the King of Jianping, with his status as the eldest grandson of Emperor Wen of Song, wanted to seize the throne. Xiao Daocheng once again attacked and destroyed Liu Jingsu's rebels. The infighting among Liu Xiufan, Liu Jingsu and other sons of the Liu clan created opportunities for Xiao Daocheng, and the real power of the imperial court was gradually taken into his hands.
Secondly, Xiao Daocheng used a plan to get rid of the deposed emperor Liu Yu and install Liu Zhun as emperor. By the time Xiao Daocheng entered the dynasty, the deposed emperor Liu Yu had already taken the throne. Previously, the rebellion of the Liu clan was suppressed, making the deposed emperor Liu Yu feel that there was no longer any threat and became increasingly arrogant. He was only thirteen or fourteen years old at the time, and he dared to do many cruel and tyrannical things. In the summer of 477, the weather was very hot, and Xiao Daocheng took a nap at home naked. Liu Yu broke into Xiao Daocheng's house, woke him up, saw that his navel was large, and aimed an arrow at his navel. This move made Xiao Daocheng frightened and scattered, although it did not hurt his life, but it left a great psychological shadow. Later, Liu Yu was still not dead hearted, and he still wanted to kill Xiao Daocheng, but Xiao Daocheng hid from going out and escaped the disaster.
Liu Yu's absurd behavior made Xiao Daocheng have to think about his future fate. In order not to be killed by the Dark Lord, he had to kill the Dark Lord first. So he bribed more than 20 attendants around Liu Yu and waited for the opportunity to kill Liu Yu. On July 7, Liu Yu went out to play and returned to the palace drunk. Before going to bed, Liu Yu told the attendant that today is Tanabata, and when he sees the cowherd weaver girl to report, he will kill you if he can't see it. Upon hearing this, the attendant knew that he would not kill the emperor again and would not live tomorrow, so he cut off Liu Yu's head with a knife.
The news of Emperor Liu Yu's murder soon reached Xiao Daocheng's ears. He immediately rode on a red dragon horse and ran to the palace, and proclaimed Liu Zhun the King of Song shun. The overall situation in the DPRK and China had been decided, and Xiao Daocheng immediately proclaimed himself the King of Qi and took charge of the military state.
Conclusion: Xiao Daocheng's self-proclaimed title of King of Qi laid the foundation for the establishment of Southern Qi, and his achievements relied on his own ability on the one hand, and on the other hand, it was the result of the internal consumption of Emperor Liu Song.
The "belly arrow target" became the fuse of Liu Yu's death, and Xiao Daocheng completely removed the obstacle of being called emperor