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| Series of Short Biographies of the Southern and Northern Dynasties/ Occasional Updates/ Tan Bow (written) |
Among the six emperors that Liu Yu killed in his lifetime, Murong Chao of Southern Yan, Yao Hong of Later Qin, and Yu of Ping shu belonged to the nature of icing on the cake, and although Liu Yu would gain momentum if he won, if liu Yu lost, he could still hold on to Jiangdong, but he could not open up the territory.
Although the murder of Sima Dezong and Sima Dewen, the two brothers, was morally reproachful, the process was a complete piece of cake.
Among these six emperors, only the battle of Huan Xuan can be regarded as a gamble on Liu Yu's entire life, and it is also full of dangers, and if Liu Yu is not careful, he is not today's Liu Yu.
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Mr. Tian Yuqing believes that the door valve politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is "the perversion of the imperial power politics in ancient China under specific conditions, and it will inevitably return to normal imperial power politics." "The late Eastern Jin Dynasty was the moment of the return of this perverted politics, when there were three forces within the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The first is the traditional door valve force, "The Eastern Jin Dynasty door valve politics, heavy door and heavy people." If the portal in power is not represented by a suitable person to hold authority, its portal dominance cannot continue and must be replaced by other portals. ("The Politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Gate Valves") After the Battle of Shuishui, the shi clan's axis figures withered one after another, resulting in the situation of "the king and the horse sharing the world" is gone, but it is still an important force that can influence the political arena.
The second force was the imperial power of Emperor Xiaowu under the leadership of Emperor Xiaowu after the Battle of Shuishui, and after Emperor Xiaowu was suffocated, because Emperor Sima Dezong "could not speak, as for the cold and summer hunger and hunger could not be distinguished, and the food and sleep were not his own" (Zizhi Tongjian Jinji), Sima Daozi, the brother of Emperor Xiaowu, became the representative of the imperial power.
The third share is the Beifu Army Group represented by Liu Yu in the early stage.
Northern Province Army
Although these three forces have different classes, military forces, ideological theories, etc., one thing is consistent, that is, to transform the political structure of Jiangdong to strengthen the centralization of power, which Liu Yu later established Liu Song did, Huan Chu, who died early, also wanted to do this, and even Sima Daozi's father and son, who had not yet had time to usurp the throne, recruited "Le subordinates" for the purpose of centralizing power. Since the forces of the three parties were very powerful, why would Huan Xuan become Liu Yu's strongest opponent?
Because Huan Xuan itself is not simple, when it comes to Huan Xuan, the first thing that comes to mind is that this fat man who even sat down on the emperor's throne (at the beginning, Xuan usurped the throne into the palace, and his bed suddenly collapsed, and the group lost its color) was very useless. Three months after ascending the throne, Liu Yu rebelled, after which Huan Xuan was defeated and retreated, and three months later he was defeated and killed, and his Great Chu Dynasty also perished a few months later.
However, this is only the view of our descendants from the perspective of God afterwards, at least when Liu Yu raised his army, he did not have the certainty of defeating Huan Xuan.
Looking at Huan Xuan's resume before usurping the throne, it can only be described as wonderful. As the heir of Sima Huanwen, the first powerful minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Xuan's early years were very depressed. Huan Wen was only five years old when he died, and his father's aura did not give him shelter. On the contrary, due to Huan Wen's attempt to usurp the throne in his later years and break the balance between the door valves, everyone from the imperial court to the localities, from the royal family to the scholars, was wary of the Huan clan.
Huan Xuan was nearly thirty years old before he took up the post of Taishou, and sima Daozi, the chancellor, was drunk and even asked him in person, "Huan Wen came to be a thief" (Jin Shu Huan Xuan Zaiji), what do you think. No wonder Huan Xuan sighed, "The father is the uncle of Kyushu, and the son is the chief of the five lakes!" ", expressing yourself depressed.
However, if there is no real ability, no matter how much emotion is useless, moreover, Huan Xuan in the political arena at that time was only a "younger brother".
Internet Dictionary: Brother behavior, refers to the behavior of special encouragement, or special dish
At that time, the real giant crocodiles in the political arena were Sima Daozi, the king of Langya, and his son Sima Yuanxian, and Sima Daozi's father and son were most afraid of Wang Gong of Qingyan Erzhou at this time.
Huan Xuan was idle in Jingzhou at this time, but he took advantage of the great prestige brought by the Huan family's control of Jingzhou for fifty years, saying that the Jingzhou assassins Yin Zhongkan and the Southern Commandery Yang Qi allied with Wang Gong, causing Wang Gong to raise an army against the courtiers twice. Although Wang Gong was defeated and killed due to Liu Gaozhi's rebellion, the Taiyuan Wang clan withdrew from the political arena of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, these two military operations made Huan Xuanyi a state assassin and has since gained a place in the political situation.
After that, he took advantage of Sima Daozi's intention to lure Huan Xuan and Yang Qi, causing the two to turn against Yin Zhongkan and form an alliance with Yin Zhongkan and Yongzhou Yang Zhongkan, and Huan Xuan himself was elected as the leader of the alliance. Achieving the status of an ally and becoming a feudal official was not the most important thing for Huan Xuan, and for Huan Xuan, it was Jingzhou that he never forgot.
In the third year of Long'an (399), Sima Yuanxian took advantage of his father Sima Daozi's indulgence in drinking alcohol to seize the central power of the imperial court and made himself the Assassin of Yangzhou. Huan Xuan seized the opportunity that Sima Yuanxian had just come to power and had no time to look west, eliminated Yang Qi and Yin Zhongkan in one fell swoop, and forced the imperial court to appoint him as the governor of Jingsi Yongqin, Liang Yining, the military of the Seven Prefectures and the Assassin of Jingzhou. It can be said that at this time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty returned to the state of "Jingyang Dispute" in which the upstream and downstream competed.
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Huan Xuan also had the military strength of Yin and Yang, and he dominated the upstream, posing a great threat to Jiankang. It was only because Sun En's people swept through the Three Wus that the upstream had to collect troops for a short time and did not attack downstream.
And it was Liu Yu who changed all this, in the fifth year of Long'an (401), Sun Enjin forced Jingkou, Jiankang was in danger, Liu Yu was able to make his amazing debut in the history books, fighting a thousand people alone, and finally making Sun En's defeat to solve the crisis.
After Sun En's threat was temporarily lifted, the contradiction between Huan Xuan and Sima Yuanxian intensified. In the first year of Yuan Xing (402), Sima Yuanxian ordered a crusade against Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan was not willing to show weakness and lead his troops to the east in an attempt to defeat Yuan Xian.
This is the Nth Jingyang dispute since the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and at the same time it is a contest between imperial power and the shi clan gate valve, and it should be said that neither side is sure of victory.
The Book of Jin records that at the beginning Huan Xuan only wanted to hold on to Jiangling, and even when he had to obey the advice of his subordinates to send troops, he was still worried and uneasy: "Xuan was impersonal, and the Xingshi was obedient, and he was worried about the masses, and he always had a plan to return to the army." It was not until after Xunyang that he still did not see the imperial army, and he was slightly relieved, and his morale also rose, and he moved sima Yuanxian's crime.
Similarly, Sima Yuanxian was also afraid to fight Huan Xuan, and the imperial court appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the rebellion, but he hid in Jiankang and did not dare to go to the front; Emperor Jin'an personally came forward to practice, Sima Yuanxian had no choice but to board the battleship but did not issue an order to march, and the ship remained on the Yangtze River.
Whether it is a door valve or an imperial family, it has already lost the flesh and blood of Fang Gang during the Northern Expedition. The sons of the nobles who have long since taken their hometowns as their hometowns are really unable to bear the giant wheel of history anymore.
For a time, Liu Gaozhi of Beifu became the key to influencing the situation, and it is mentioned in the chapter "The Beginning and End of the Beifu Soldiers" in the "Qin Han Wei Jin Jin History Exploration" that the Beifu soldiers under Liu Gaozhi began to have a certain degree of independence, but Liu Gaozhi's concept was still limited to the fact that the Beifu military clique must be attached to the gate valve or imperial power to survive. Eventually, he rebelled against Sima Yuanxian and surrendered to Huan Xuan, Sima Yuanxian's father and son were killed, and Liu Gaozhi also committed suicide for attempting to rebel against Huan Xuan.
Huan Xuan then seized power, and in December of the first year (403) of the tycoon Huan Xuan usurped the throne, and in February of the third year (404) of the third year (404) of Yuan Xing (Emperor Jin'an), Liu Yu pretended to be hunting, and took the opportunity to gather more than 1,700 remnants of the Beifu army, raised an uprising at Jingkou, and killed Huan Xiu, who was guarding the town.
In March, he beheaded two of Huan Xuan's generals, Wu Fuzhi and Huang Fushiki. Huan Xuan was shocked to learn that his loyal generals had been beheaded one after another, and at this time Liu Yu's forces were already approaching Mount Fuzhou (in present-day Jiuhua Mountain, Nanjing) and the capital city.
Huan Xuan, the last barrier of Jiankang, attached great importance to Fuzhou Mountain, and sent a large army to garrison it. The soldiers sent by He Nai were all from the old department of Beifu, and not only could they not resist Liu Yu, but instead turned their guns back and attacked Huan Xuan.
In this situation, Huan Xuan had no choice but to abandon the eastern part of the empire and retreat to Jingzhou.
Liu Yu, who was overjoyed, was able to enter Jiankang City and burned the tablet of Huan Wen of Chu Taizu (Huan Xuan claimed that the empress enshrined Huan Wen's tablet at the Jiankang Taimiao Temple). The first phase of Liu Yukuang's restoration of the Jin Room was successfully concluded.
On the surface, it seemed that Liu Yu's process of crusading against Huan Xuan was particularly smooth, and the wind swept away Huan Chu. However, the reason for this is a result of the political struggle in the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when Huan Xuan usurped the throne in the three forces at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial power had already disappeared, and the Beifu Army was also disbanded after Liu Gao's death.
Liu Gaozhi's death was a huge help to Liu Yu. If it were not for liu gaozhi and a large number of high-ranking generals of the Northern Prefecture army who were exterminated, then it would be difficult for Liu Yu, Liu Yi, He Wuji, and Zhuge Changmin, a large number of middle-level generals, to emerge, let alone lead the uprising.
Another important reason for Liu Yu's success is also in the Huan family. Although Huan Xuan defeated all the forces and included the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, because the Huan family had been entrenched in Jingzhou for a long time since Huan Wen, its control over the downstream was not strong, especially the Shi clan gate valves of Sanwu and Jiankang did not run into the Jingzhou clique brought by Huan Xuan, in this case Huan Xuan was eager to usurp the throne, and the consequences could be imagined.
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However, in summary, even if the situation at that time was carefully analyzed afterwards how favorable it was for Liu Yu, Liu Yu still took a huge risk when he started the army, and a total of more than ten generals led more than a thousand remnants of the army to confront Huan Xuan, who was sitting on an army of more than 100,000 troops, and the difficulty could be imagined.
Even after expelling Huan Xuan from the downstream, Huan Xuan, who returned to the upstream, was able to let go of his hands and feet even more, relying on the strength accumulated by the Huan family for more than fifty years to fight against Liu Yu and others.
The war against Huan Xuan and the rest of the army lasted for a year, and the reason why it did not return to the long-term confrontation between the upstream and downstream was that on the one hand, the emerging Shu clan was unstoppable, and on the other hand, the history of the Gate Valve Clan was over, they could become the embellishment of the new dynasty, but it was impossible to create a new dynasty.
In the end, in fact, Huan Xuan's ending can also explain that the door valve gas is exhausted, and in May of the year when Huan Xuan was defeated, Huan Xuan planned to seize Shu and avoid chaos in the case that the general trend had gone. At that time, when The Ningzhou Thorn Shi Mao Xuan died, his brother Yizhou Thorn Shi Mao Xuan sent his nephew Mao Youzhi and the military officer Fei Tian and two hundred other people to send Mao Fan to Jiangling, and met Huan Xuan on the way, and the two attacked Huan Xuan. Only about two hundred people killed this once great man, and Huan Xuan's last words were "Who is evil?" Dare to kill the Son of Heaven! (Jin Shu Huan Xuan Zai) and the other party only faded back to the sentence, "I am just killing the traitor of the Son of Heaven!" ”
Huan Xuan died, and his last attempt to gain power as a gatekeeper of the Eastern Jin Dynasty failed, and although it was not Liu Yu who killed him with his own hands, he died because of Liu Yu. He was the first emperor and the most important one that Liu Yu had killed, but his death had less impact on Liu Yu than the other Tianzi. A few years after Huan Xuan's death, Liu Yu once again brandished a butcher's knife and pointed it at Murong Xianbei, who was shrinking in the land of Qilu.
Resources:
Book of Jin
Zizhi Tongjian
The Politics of Gate Valves in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (Tian Yuqing)
"Qin Han Wei Jin History Exploration" (Tian Yuqing)
"On the Nature of the Huanchu Regime Again: Taking the Military Forces of Huanxuan Jingzhou as the Starting Point" (Xu Fen)
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