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Shen Shou (1874 ~ 1921), formerly known as Shen Yunzhi, the character Xuejun, the late number Xueli, embroidered with the name "Tianxiang Pavilion". Born on October 4, 13th year of tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, in Wu County, Jiangsu Province, 140 years ago, his father Shen Chun's ancestral home was Wuxing, west of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Her mother, Song, and her sister Shen Li were both good at embroidery. My father once opened an antique shop to deal with ancient cultural relics such as calligraphy and painting, jade, porcelain, and bronze. Shen Yunzhi grew up in such a cultured family since she was a child.
The original "Icon of Jesus" was Shen Shou embroidery.
In 1913, Zhang Jianzhuangyuan invited Shen Shou to teach embroidery at the Nantong Women's Workers' Training Institute. During this period, Shen Shou selected the head of Jesus as an embroidery according to the oil painting "Crown of Thorns" by the Italian painter Chitte, and the whole work used as many as 111 colors. The character face stitching method creatively uses the spin needle technique, which is applied according to the structure of the character's face, and the embroidered character expression is realistic. This "Icon of Jesus" won the first gold medal at the Panama Pacific Exposition held in San Francisco, USA, in 1915.
In 1987, Mou Zhihong, the third generation disciple of Shen Shou, selected more than 120 kinds of color threads, with more than 100 kinds of special processing, the thickness of the embroidery thread used changed greatly, the thickest four or five silks, the thin only half a wire, with the arm and needle, loose set, roller needle, needle application, virtual needle, small random needle and so on the use of skillful techniques, it took a long time to carefully embroider successfully. This "Statue of Jesus" embroidered by Mou Zhihong has successfully passed the expert review, who believes that the artistic and technical level of the reproduction work is no less than that of the original.
Shen Yunzhi has been intelligent since childhood, and the cultural relics and paintings in her family collection have given her rich artistic influence. She is quiet and studious, and has developed a strong interest in embroidery since she was a child in the environment of silkworm farming and household embroidery. At the age of seven, he began to be able to help with embroidery silk by color, thread needles and threads, and often imitated his sister's embroidery movements to play with embroidery pieces. When she was eight years old, her grandmother sent her a set of embroidery tools, and Shen Yunzhi also officially learned embroidery with her sister. The two practice embroidery together, and they have a deep sisterly relationship and are also teachers and apprentices.
"Jigong Love Wine Map" Wang Jianqiu painting
This embroidery was created in 1905. In the painting, the theme is clear and vivid. Ji Gong held a worn-out fan with his hands pinned behind his back, monkey waist, bowed his head, facing the wine altar in front of him, revealing a joyful and salivating expression, vividly showing a vivid expression of intoxication and with a local atmosphere. This is an extremely vivid and vivid artistic masterpiece full of life. Shen Shou embroidery is mainly based on arms and needles, supplemented by chicken feather needles, oblique winding needles, rolling needles and other techniques. In terms of color processing, Shen Shou began to absorb the light and shadow techniques in Western art, and the characters were dressed in light and dark, which improved the artistic appeal of the work. The director of this embroidery Buyuan also introduced it as Shen Shou's original handiwork, but it was actually embroidered by descendants.
In the process of learning embroidery, Shen Yunzhi continued the good tradition and foundation of "Gu embroidery" in the Ming Dynasty. Practical products that used to be embroidered to beautify life, such as purses, cigarette bags, handkerchiefs, quilts, dowries, shoes and hats, etc., have been developed into embroidery art that can be appreciated as art. At the age of twelve, he would take out the famous calligraphy paintings collected by his father at home, such as Tang Bohu, Wen Zhengming, Shen Zhou, etc., to watch and read them carefully and make them the blueprints for embroidery, and the embroidery was even more exquisite. In the continuous learning and progress of embroidery, Shen Yunzhi was already famous in the township in his youth and became a famous embroidery master in Suzhou.
In the nineteenth year of Guangxu (1893), when Shen Yunzhi was twenty years old, he married Yu Jue, a scholarly and talented person. Yu Jue reads poetry, is good at calligraphy, painting, and is also good at communication. After marriage, the two fell in love with each other. Yu Jue praised his wife's embroidery, and also began to compare and classify the embroidery stitches of the past generations by reading for half a day and studying embroidery for half a day, especially carefully integrating the art of calligraphy and painting he mastered into his wife's embroidery, so that his wife's embroidery art stood out and became famous in Suzhou and Shanghai. With the infection of her husband Yu Jue's literati calligraphy and painting temperament and his own pursuit of embroidery art in the pursuit of flat, light, qi, uniform, harmonious, smooth, fine and dense under the painstaking study of stitching skills, Shen Yunzhi's works have become more meticulous and elegant unique styles, making its embroidery famous and famous.
Burning finger Arhat
Detective Rohan
Long-browed arhat
Arhat with a staff
Burning finger Arhat, Long-brow Arhat, Detective Hand Arhat, and Staff-wielding Arhat, the original work was embroidered by Shen Shou in the early years of the Republic of China.
All four here are reproductions. Because it was copied by Shen Xiu, who had a rigorous work attitude, the four works were embroidered very successfully. In the embroidery, the luohan each form forced Xiao Xiao to have a style, and the burning finger luohan sat on the futon, holding his hands on several cases, of which the index finger was pointing to the heavenly practice, and a wisp of green smoke rose with the fingertips to the sky in the shape of an auspicious cloud. The carpet under the futon is exquisite, and there are thick erzhu scriptures behind it. The long-browed arhat pressed his sleeve with one hand and the long eyebrow in the other, and sat on the chair with the root of the tree. The long-sleeved Arhat was dressed in a pale ink-colored robe with nothing, his hands raised and his head held high on his side. The rodded Arhat wears a purple coat and grass shoes on his feet. Look up at the sky and hold the meditation in your hand. There are many luggage behind him, including bamboo sticks, bowls, scriptures, and baggage. Judging by his attire, he was obviously a wandering monk. The four arhats look at ease, embodying Shen Shou's embroidery character works, attaching great importance to the image of the characters, and vividly expressing the facial expressions of the arhats in the embroidery and the subtle movements of raising their hands and feet. Carefully observe the eyes and corners of the mouth before embroidery, and only need to apply three or two stitches in some parts, and the mental outlook of the character will be immediately improved.
In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), on the recommendation of Fu Yujue's friends, Shen Yunzhi embroidered many embroideries such as "Infinite Life Buddha" and "Eight Immortals Celebrating Life", and on the occasion of the 70th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi on December 27, 1904, she paid tribute to the palace and displayed them. Empress Dowager Cixi was overjoyed to see Shen Yunzhi's embroidery in the gifts she had donated that day, and not only appreciated the superb embroidery and exquisite elegance, but also regarded it as a "unique divine product". In addition to giving the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce the "Fourth Class Shangxun" award and personally waving the imperial pen to write the two big characters of "Fu" and "Shou", they were given to Yu Jue and Shen Yunzhi respectively. From then on, Shen Yunzhi changed his original name to "Shen Shou" to commemorate the reward of Empress Dowager Cixi.
"Flower and Bird Strip Screen One, Two, Three, Four". Late Qing Dynasty, Shen Shou embroidery. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the 70th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty. Zhejiang Caizi Yu Jue and his wife Shen Yunzhi, an embroidered woman from Suzhou, offered embroidery to the empress dowager, and Cixi rewarded the words "Fu and Shou". His wife immediately changed the name of "Yunzhi" to "Shou" as a souvenir, and since then Shen Shou's embroidery name has been famous all over the world. The above four pieces of flower and bird strip screens have two large embroidery prints, of which in addition to the above party there is also "Wuxian Tianxiangge Lady Shen Shou", which proves that these are all embroidered by Shen Shou after offering embroidery to Cixi.
In 1983, the Nantong Institute of Arts and Crafts organized artists to copy, mainly with the participation of Jin Leilei, Pan Zhaodi and others. These four works depict birds such as magpies and herons, or perched on the branches of cherry blossoms and apricot blossoms, or standing in the reed bushes, or singing or flying or feathers, the image is very lively. Although these works are all created by folk painters, the painting techniques are superior, and the content is also vivid and realistic. The embroidery is delicate and the silk strands are smooth and bright. The light and shade of its bird feathers vividly reproduce the characteristics of the bird's body tissue structure, which is more clear from the body of the heron and the bird, and it is obvious that Shen Shou had accepted the principles of Western art at that time and could express it with his own embroidery. Although these embroideries are reproductions, due to the different times, modern embroidery artists have received a certain cultural education and a good art foundation, so the successful reproduction of Shen Shou's works can be compared with the original.
Subsequently, Empress Dowager Cixi issued another edict and established the "Women's Embroidery Engineering Department" in the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, and appointed Shen Shou as the chief teacher and Yu Fu as the general office in charge of foreign affairs. Since then, Shen Shou's embroidery name has been praised as a "divine needle" in the country, and the excellence of his embroidery has surpassed the "Gu embroidery" that has ruled China's Luxiang Garden in Shanghai for nearly four hundred years.
Original author: Hu Jiahua
Original source: "Collection Investment Guide" October 2018 issue of "China Embroidery Saint - Shen Shou"
(Due to space limitations, the original text has been deleted)
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