On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen died of liver cancer in Beijing. Before his death, Sun Yat-sen did not name his successor. Therefore, at that time, Hu Hanmin, the most important, most trusted and loyal assistant of Sun Yat-sen and the second most important person in the Kuomintang at that time, became the first candidate for Sun Yat-sen's successor. However, Hu Hanmin was born as a scholar, and most of his energy was spent on expounding theoretical work such as the "Three Peoples" Doctrine, and political games and military affairs were not his strong points, and in this regard he was not Chiang Kai-shek's opponent.
Hu Hanmin, formerly known as Yan Stork, later changed his name to Yan Hong, the character Zhan Tang. In his later years, he was nicknamed the Lord of the House. Hanmin was the pen name he used when he published articles in Minbao. Hu Hanmin was born in 1879 in Panyu County, Guangdong Province, with his ancestral home in Yan, Luling County (present-day Ji'an), Jiangxi
Fuxiang Qingshan Village.
Hu Hanmin was talented and intelligent, and at the age of eleven or twelve, he had read ancient books such as the Thirteen Classics and the Records of History, but unfortunately, when Hu Hanmin was eleven years old, his father died, and his mother died of illness two years later. Later, one of his older brothers, two brothers, and a younger sister also fell ill one after another, and he died without money to see a doctor. The loss of relatives one after another had a great impact on Hu Hanmin in his youth, directly contributing to his sensitive personality. The young Hu Hanmin felt sad at the same time, but also remained weak and sickly until adulthood.
In his early years, Hu Hanmin became cold and world-weary due to successive family changes. In order to make ends meet, Hu Hanmin began teaching for a living at the age of sixteen. He taught while self-studying, and successively studied in Xuehaitang, Jupo, Yuehua, Yuexiu and other colleges. At this time, Hu made great progress in his knowledge and made a group of new friends such as Shi Jianru.
Shi Jianru was later called "the second person to die for the republic" by Sun Yat-sen. Through Shi Jianru, Hu Hanmin learned Sun Yat-sen's name and personality. He praised the clamor for change in the intellectual circles at that time, which was caused by the "letter on the bus", as "no essentials, and yu yu was not satisfied", but praised the armed uprising led by Sun Yat-sen, who was regarded as a great rebellion at that time, as an "unprecedented miracle".
In 1898, the 20-year-old Hu Hanming abandoned the "right way" of the feudal intellectuals who "learned and excelled" and decided to devote himself to the torrent of social transformation. In 1900, Shi Jianru was martyred, and Hu Minming was deeply stimulated. Before and after this, Hu Hanmin's outlook on life underwent a major change, from a "negative world-weary view" to a "positive view of salvation."
In His lifetime, Hu Hanmin's outlook on life has changed many times. In 1902, Hu Hanming and Wu Zhihui and others traveled east to Japan, and he believed that the revolution should start with education, so he entered the Accelerated Normal Department of The Tokyo Hirobun Academy. After being expelled from Japan due to changes, Hu Hanmin returned to Wuzhou Middle School in Guangxi as the chief teacher, but due to the obstruction of local conservative forces, Hu Hanmin's two attempts to carry out national salvation activities starting from education failed. This made Hu Hanmin's concept change again, and he believed that the salvation of the country should start with politics. He then went to Japan and entered the University of Political Science and Law to systematically study political science.
After Hu Hanmin returned to Japan, he joined Sun Yat-sen's League. Hu Hanmin was adamantly opposed to the assassination of Qing officials. However, after the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising in 1911, Hu Hanmin was very depressed and turned to believe: "This is not only for revenge, but also for the courage of the cold enemy."
After the victory of the Wuchang Uprising, Hu Hanmin's low mood was invigorated, and he immediately led a group of young overseas Chinese who asked to join the army to rush to Hong Kong. On November 9, Guangdong declared its independence, and Hu Hanmin was elected governor. Later, on the issue of "giving way" to Yuan Shikai, Hu Hanmin vigorously advocated "giving way," which had a negative impact on Sun Yat-sen's decision-making.
In March 1913, Song Jiaoren was assassinated, and Yuan Shikai began to attack the Kuomintang. Sun Yat-sen proposed to raise an army against Yuan, but Hu Hanmin advocated a legal solution. As a result, on June 14, Yuan Shikai dismissed Hu Guangdong as the governor and civil administrator and transferred him to Tibet as an envoy. Soon after, Hu Hanmin resigned by telegram, and after his political setback, he was very depressed again, claiming that from now on he would "organize a newspaper with Ye Xiasheng and never enter the political circles again."
After many failures, Sun Yat-sen began to accept soviet help. At first, Hu Hanmin was firmly opposed to cooperation with our Party, but later he became the most pro-Kuomintang and Communist party supporter. He has written many articles refuting Kuomintang members who opposed cooperation.
But Hu Hanmin's good feelings for our party soon changed again. After Hu Hanmin went to the Soviet Union in 1925 to investigate, his thinking suddenly changed from "tolerance" to "opposition", and he quickly became the vanguard of opposition in action.
After Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, Hu Hanming began to lose the upper hand in the struggle within the Kuomintang. He cooperated with Wang Jingwei, Chiang Kai-shek, and the southwestern warlords until after 1932, when Hu Hanmin lived in Hong Kong, focusing on publicizing his political proposition of "resisting Japan and overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek", becoming a real "opposition party" in the Kuomintang. On May 9, 1936, Hu Hanmin was invited to a banquet at the apartment of his brother-in-law Chen Rong, and suddenly suffered a cerebral hemorrhage while playing chess at night, and died on the 12th at the age of 58.