"He Beard is a cow, a bunch of feelings."
This is a sentence that Mao Zedong said about his friend He Shuheng when he was young, and it is also the most accurate summary of his personality. "He Beard" was the nickname given to He Shuheng by his comrades, and Mao Zedong always called him that.
Mr. He was 17 years older than Mao Zedong and was 45 years old when he joined the Communist Party congress. On that day, on the red boat in the south lake of Jiaxing, a total of 13 people attended the meeting, and He Shuheng was the oldest.
In fact, when he was admitted to the Hunan First Division, He Shuheng was already 37 years old. He has a thick figure-eight beard, usually likes to wear a long shirt, and always looks like an old scholar.
At this time, he had a wife at home who was waiting for him to come home, and a daughter who was rejected by his people. Therefore, he has long experienced the bittersweet and bittersweet life, and he does have "a bunch of feelings" compared to his classmates Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and other young people. Even, when discussing national affairs with these young brothers, he always cried himself halfway through the conversation.
He was so different that Mao Zedong and others were grieving over his sacrifice. Many years later, recalling He Shuheng, the poet Xiao San said: He Beard, Poor Xiucai, Iron Bone Zheng Ah...
The world says that He Shuheng could not have died; the world said that He Shuheng's death was a loss. However, everyone seems to have overlooked his foolish wife, his 3 extraordinary daughters, and the adopted son who was very sensible after his death. In this issue, the author will sort out the things after He Shuheng's sacrifice:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >: The cause of death was not known until 27 years later</h1>
He Shuheng was killed in February 1935, when the main force of the Red Army had already marched, and his little brothers basically set out with the team. And he was left behind.
When the main force of the Red Army was preparing for the Long March, several older comrades were actually considering whether to follow the troops or stay in the base areas to fight guerrillas. Walking means that they must have good physical strength to keep up; staying means facing the danger of being "encircled and suppressed" by the enemy at any time.
At that time, Dong Biwu was 49 years old, and He Shuheng was 10 years older than him, and there was such a conversation between them:
He Shuheng asked Dong Biwu, "Are you willing to stay here, or are you willing to join the army?" Dong Biwu said: "If possible, I am willing to join the army!" He Shuheng also said very firmly: "I have prepared two pairs of very strong straw shoes, do you have any preparations?" Dong Biwu said that he had only prepared one pair, and his feet were still half new.
The reason why the author deliberately found out the information of this dialogue is to let everyone understand that in fact, there is no age in revolution, and the old comrades are also very bold.
After this dialogue, Dong Biwu, He Shuheng, and some other veteran comrades were waiting for the decision of the organization, and the final result was that Dong Biwu and others participated in the Long March, and He Shuheng stayed.
Those who participated in the Long March were to survive in the rain of bullets and bullets; those who remained were the same as nine deaths. This was the last time Mao Zedong, Dong Biwu and other brothers saw He Shuheng.
There have been many theories about the cause of He Shuheng's death earlier: some people said that he was unwilling to give in after being captured by the enemy and was killed by the enemy; others said that he was old and was afraid of the transfer of the team, jumping off a cliff and committing suicide. Among them, the saying of "jumping off a cliff and committing suicide" was affirmed by Deng Zihui, the leader of the revolutionary base area in western Fujian. But the real situation was not clear until 1962.
According to Deng Zihui's recollection, He Shuheng, Qu Qiubai and others moved with a group of plainclothes teams that day. They bypassed the enemy's ambush and traveled day and night, reaching the vicinity of Shuikou Town in Shanghang County in early February 1935.
Along the way, 59-year-old He Shuheng never fell behind, and he tried not to drag his comrades in arms. But after arriving in town, they were surrounded by security regiments, and they retreated to the mountains south of the village. Seeing that the enemy was about to chase after him, He Shuheng said to Deng Zihui, "Shoot me!" Obviously, he was no longer able to run, and he planned to make his comrades abandon him.
Of course, Deng Zihui refused, so He Shuheng did not say a word, broke away from the guard and jumped off the cliff. Later, Deng Zihui and others successfully broke through, and He Shuheng never appeared again.
Deng Zihui's description is in line with the character of He Shuheng, who has always been a person who is afraid of dragging down comrades, so the "theory of jumping off a cliff and dying" has been generally recognized. However, 27 years after his death, the Fujian public security organs arrested Li Yu, the leader of the security regiment that had surrounded the plainclothes team, and after his confession, the real cause of He Shuheng's death was revealed to the world:
It turned out that he did not die after jumping off the cliff, but was seriously injured and lying on the ground unable to move. The two tuanding under the mountain found him when they searched the mountain, and they thought that He Shuheng was dead, so they went to search for his money. At this moment, He Shuheng woke up and clutched their legs deadly, wanting to fight with them. The two regimental commanders were startled and fired two shots at He Shuheng.
Many years later, the two tuanding recalled He Shuheng's death and still sighed: That old man, what a man...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > two: Wife waits until death</h1>
For He Shuheng's sacrifice, his wife and daughter were not aware of it at that time.
His wife's name was Yuan Shao'e, and people said that she was a sad woman, because she waited until she was 83 years old in her hometown and never saw her husband again until her death. But in the author's opinion, she is also a happy woman, because her husband has loved her for half a lifetime.
Yuan Shao'e was 3 years older than He Shuheng, a woman with small feet, and could not read a large character, which was the state of most women at that time. At the age of 24, she married He Shuheng of the same county. He Shuheng is cultured, and he had been studying in private school for several years while farming.
In the environment at that time, aspiring young people were opposed to this kind of old-fashioned marriage arranged by their parents, but He Shuheng quickly discovered the advantages of his wife: virtuousness and general knowledge. Therefore, the relationship between the couple has always been excellent.
In 1902, the 26-year-old He Shuheng passed the county's Xiucai examination. After 11 years, he was admitted to the Hunan First Division and began to work in the revolution. Her husband carried his head to do big things, and Yuan Shao'e served her in-laws at home, during which time she gave birth to many children.
Unfortunately, the first two sons died prematurely. Since then, she has given birth to daughters, and for this she has been under the guidance of her people. The eldest daughter, He Shiyi, was born in 1903, and there was no joy for her birth to the He family, who felt that there was another piece of white rice in the family. But He Shuheng was very happy, and he named his daughter "Shiyi", "Yi" means beautiful.
Two years later, the second daughter He Shishan was born, and the He family was even bigger. Yuan Shao'e thought that she was sorry for her husband and felt that she would not be able to lift her head in the He family from now on.
He Shuheng knew very well that if he wanted to block the mouth of others, he had to look at what kind of attitude he had as a husband. Therefore, shortly after the birth of his daughter, he deliberately set up a "Three Dynasties Feast" to celebrate. Having a daughter and holding a three-dynasty banquet is the first time in the village that this is a new thing. At the feast that day, the 29-year-old husband was busy, and the 32-year-old wife was in tears.
After another 3 years, 35-year-old Yuan Shao'e gave birth to her husband's last daughter. This time, the He family refused to give up, they pointed to the couple, on the grounds of "no filial piety has three, no queen is greater", asking He Shuheng to take a concubine. When this reason was moved out, Yuan Shao'e, who stood timidly on the sidelines, did not even have the courage to refute it.
When Uncle He saw that his wife was bullied like this, he was also angry: "Who said that I broke off?" If there is a woman, there is a queen! In order to show his determination, he named the daughter "He Shisi" on the spot, indicating that the daughter would also be the heir of the He family. Years later, his words came true.
At the time, however, He Shuheng's determination was not enough to confront his family's feudal ideas. In the end, under the persecution of his father, he still had to succeed his adopted son He Xinjiu. Obviously, this is already a trade-off. In his view, being able to marry a second room is a kind of protection for his wife.
He Shuheng has always been a person who loves his wife as fate and his daughter as fate, but he has also been carefully taught by this adopted son. In 1929, when he was studying in Moscow, he wrote a letter to He Xinjiu like this:
...... As for myself, when you got married, that is, when you declared to your relatives and friends, I absolutely did not depend on you for support... I miss your mother, not because I am afraid that she will starve to death, freeze to death, or die a tragic death, but I am afraid that she will not be able to have a little spiritual comfort, and I will not be born and die of beggar pity, only weeping... (Excerpt)
This is a very long family letter, in which He Shuheng listed 10 principles for dealing with people, carefully educated him how to read books to be effective, and told him what kind of friends he should make. Due to the length of the article, the author has only intercepted some of his references to his wife.
This part of the text is to tell He Xinjiu that in the future, there is no need to send him to the end of the pension for his adoptive father, and the only thing he asks him is: if he has an accident, I hope he can take care of his adoptive mother Yuan Shao'e. Don't let her not be comforted spiritually, don't let her need to beg for mercy in her later years.
This family letter has been kept by He Xinjiu. His adoptive father, Tun Dun, taught that he never dared to forget. In fact, even without the adoptive father's family letter, He Xinjiu would still take good care of his adoptive mother, because since his adoptive father left home, he had seen the extraordinary nature of his adoptive mother.
After the defeat of the Revolution of 1927, the reactionaries hunted down and massacred the Communists. At that time, the reward order for the arrest of He Shuheng was posted at the major intersections of the county town, and anyone passing by could see it. Yuan Shao'e had no choice but to hide in the mountains with her family.
A small-footed woman, usually walking on a flat road is not easy to walk, hiding in the mountains is even a rolling belt to climb. How much suffering she suffered during this time, only she herself knew. But she never thought of taking another path: leaving the He family and disassociating herself from He Shuheng.
In February 1935, He Shuheng was killed, and Yuan Shao'e did not know it. She was 62 years old. The people in the village said, "Your old man will not come back!" But Yuan Shao'e didn't believe it and had been waiting bitterly.
At first, she was accompanied by her daughter and adopted son. Later, the eldest daughter and her adopted son became a family, and the second daughter and the third daughter also went out to engage in revolution like their father, and her words became less and less frequent. Gradually, she couldn't remember many things, but she remembered that her husband's birthday was during the Dragon Boat Festival.
Every day, when her daughter and adopted son came back to see her, she had to take out the money she had saved for a long time and let her adopted son go and make some good male yellow wine. The children were sensible and knew that this was their father's favorite drink.
In this way, the cold came and went, year after year, Yuan Shao'e waited for the white head. In 1957, Yuan Shao'e became seriously ill, and her children returned, including the second and third daughters of the foreign revolution, but none of them dared to mention their father.
The two sisters lived in their hometown for more than a month, and Yuan Shao'e did not want to delay them any longer, so she asked them to return to the army as soon as possible. In her later years, she did not make any demands on her children, but only before her death: "I have only one request, I am alone all my life, and I will be buried with your father when I die." When she was finished, she left. It was only then that the children realized that perhaps the mother had already guessed that the father was gone. The male yellow wine of the Dragon Boat Festival may just be her deceiving herself.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > three:3 girls and 1 child are admirable</h1>
Marrying a man like He Shuheng, Yuan Shao'e has no regrets. For the three sisters of the He family and their adopted son He Xinjiu, growing up in such a family is happy. Because their father has always been different from other people's fathers.
Everyone in the village knows that the "He Bearded" family has given birth to 3 daughters: He Shiyi, He Shishan, and He Shisi, and they all know that these 3 daughters of the He family have been "spoiled" by him.
At that time, the daughters of every family were wrapped in their feet, and only the daughters of Uncle He Heng's family were not wrapped. When asked why, he always said, "My daughter will inherit my big things in the future!" Others listened and always laughed at him, but He Shuheng didn't bother to pay attention to him. In fact, there is another reason why He Shuheng did not say: he heard his wife Yuan Shao'e say that it really hurts to wrap his feet.
In addition to being reluctant to let his daughters wrap their feet, He Shuheng also saw that his daughters were being disciplined by others. Once, he returned from Changsha to his hometown to see his daughter, and before he entered the house, he found his daughters sitting in a row on the threshold, saying "Laughing Mo teeth, talking loudly." It turned out that the 3 children were punished to read the ceremony at the door of their homes because their personalities were too lively.
Uncle He heng did not call a place, hurriedly brought the children home, and declared: "My daughter should not learn these stinky rules, there is something to say loudly, if you want to laugh, laugh loudly!" Then, the He family came with a burst of laughter.
Growing up in such a family environment, the 3 daughters are very individualistic:
The eldest sister, He Shiyi, is steady and resolute, and is very similar to her mother's personality. Later, she married a young man from the same village surnamed Wang. She has not wrapped her feet, she is capable and knowledgeable in her in-laws' family, and she has been affirmed by her husband's family, and her life is very solid.
The second daughter and the third daughter are the most like the father. When he was a teenager, He Shuheng sent them to the county town to study. Since then, from the principal to the teacher, the school has seen how spoiled He Beard is to his daughter:
Once, the youngest daughter, He Shisi, got into trouble with the principal at school. The principal preached feudal female morality in class, and she really couldn't look at it, so she said: "The Qing Dynasty was overthrown long ago, why did Principal Duan always publicize this?" The principal was extremely angry, completely disregarding the demeanor of the students, pointing at He Shisi and scolding him, bluntly saying: It is better to raise a daughter than to raise a pig.
This sentence obviously stimulated He Shisi, so she argued on the basis of reason. The headmaster saw that she could not fight, and dragged her out. He Shisi was angry and also pushed the principal by hand. The school directly expelled He Shisi and "respectfully warned" He Shuheng: This child should be well managed. Who knew that He Shuheng not only did not blame his daughter, but also comforted her.
Loving daughters and protecting daughters has always been one of the biggest characteristics of He Shuheng. But in this life, he also had a hard time with his two daughters. On that occasion, even the comrades around him said: I have never seen such a cruel father.
It happened in 1931. By this time, Mr. He had returned from the Soviet Union and was placed in Shanghai to preside over the Masonic Society, while his two daughters worked in an underground printing plant in the organization. During these days, the father and daughter finally had time to see the above.
However, not long after they met, the two daughters, along with their second son-in-law, Xia Zhibing, were arrested one after another. The first to be tried was the second son-in-law, Xia Zhibing, and the enemy tortured him for more than two months, and finally saw that he could not pry open his mouth, so he killed him.
After the organization received this news, they all believed that the He family sisters should be rescued immediately. Everyone knew that they were He Shuheng's heart meat, and originally planned to risk death by force to save them, but He Shuheng pressed the rescue plan first. He said: "Wait and then act. His reasoning was that they had to find out if they had betrayed the organization in order to save them.
For a father who loves his daughter as much as he wants, this decision is undoubtedly cruel. He believed that the daughters he had taught would not renege, but he did not want to risk other people's children.
Since then, he has inquired about the situation of his two children. After many investigations, he was 100% sure that his daughters had not defected, and the enemy did not know that they were He Shuheng's daughters, so he agreed to save them. Since the identity has not been revealed, there is no need to rescue by force. After the organization sent someone to pay bail, the enemy released them.
After being released from prison, her daughter was tortured into human form by life in prison. Remembering her sacrificed husband, the second daughter He Shishan hugged her father and cried bitterly. He Shuheng asked his daughters, "Do you blame me?" Both daughters shook their heads sensibly. Later, they learned that their father had not slept well since the day they were imprisoned.
After that, the second daughter, He Shishan, was sent to the Soviet Union to study and work because of her excellent performance, and did not return to China until 1937. The third daughter, He Shisi, traveled from place to place to carry out revolution with her husband. Both daughters received the news after their father had sacrificed for a long time.
The first to get the news was the second daughter, who went to Yan'an after returning to China, planning to see her father. But in Yan'an, she couldn't find her father's shadow, and her father's comrades-in-arms told her: Shishan, hold on, your father is no longer there...
Three years later, the third daughter also came to Yan'an after completing the task, and only then did she get the news of her father's sacrifice from her sister. The two sisters hugged each other and cried bitterly, how could they not believe that the father who hurt them the most had just left. After the news was confirmed, the two sisters each poured a bowl of wine, poured the wine on the ground, and toasted their father's last cup.
Since then, the two sisters have stayed in Yan'an to study and live, and have made many meritorious contributions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the second daughter He Shishan was elected vice chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the third daughter Shi Si served as the deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Museum of Culture and History. Both daughters worked hard in their posts until their deaths in the 1980s and 1990s.
Compared with these two daughters, the adopted son He Xinjiu and the eldest daughter He Shiyi, who have been living in their hometown, although they have not experienced so many dangers, they are also admirable.
In order to make their father and two sisters feel at ease outside, the two of them took the initiative to take care of their mother, grandfather and others. They are the ones who do the chores in the family until they die.
In particular, the adopted son He Xinjiu, although not the biological son of the He family, always kept in mind the words of his adoptive father and gave his adoptive mother a pension to the end. He Shuheng wrote to him to explain all the things that he had done. Today, his second and third generations of descendants, some as ordinary peasants, some as teachers, and some as workers, all do their part.
After the local construction of He Shuheng's former residence, the descendants of He Xinjiu, who stayed in his hometown, would often go in to take a look, and they said: "We go in and out of this former residence every day, our hearts are upright, and we are worthy of grandpa." Grandpa, refers to He Shuheng.
The reason why so many words are spent in this issue to sort out these people and these things after He Shuheng's sacrifice is because some readers have asked me: Mao Zedong has so many younger classmates, why does he mention He Shuheng and say: "Shu Weng can do things, but the overall situation"? The reason may be simple: because he is a loving and responsible man.
Afraid of dragging his comrades-in-arms, he chose to jump off the cliff, which was responsible for the lives of his comrades-in-arms; if he married her, he had to treat her well, which was responsible for his wife; and if he gave birth to them, he raised them well, which was responsible for his children. He Shuheng, who is extremely affectionate, deserves to be remembered by Chairman Mao.