In "Water Margin", Gao Li, together with Tong Guan, Cai Jing and Yang Jian, is called the four traitors, he forced Wang Jin, framed Lin Chong, poisoned Song Jiang and Lu Junyi, and his hands were stained with the blood of the good man of Liangshan.
So, did Gao Li really do so many bad things, is he really a traitor who cannot be forgiven?
In fact, although the historical Gao Li is also bad, but not bad to this extent, and has not killed Song Jiang, Lu Junyi, the so-called Water Margin hero, are all characters in the novel, Gao Li did not have the opportunity to fight against them, and did everything possible to frame them.
If Gao Li in history is bad, it is also because Song Huizong is accustomed, because Song Huizong loves to play too much, and Gao Li throws himself into his favor, so he rises all the way up and embarks on the peak of his career.
Gao Li came from a humble background, and at the beginning, he was just a small official who su Dongpo summoned when he was serving as a soldier Shangshu and Libu Shangshu in the imperial court, because he wrote well, knew poetry and song, and could also do martial arts, which was deeply liked by Su Dongpo.
In 1093, Su Dongpo was transferred to Dingzhou Taishou and recommended Gao Qi to the Hanlin scholar Zeng Bu, who thanked him on the grounds that there were many envoys around him, and Su Dongpo recommended Gao Li to the husband of Princess Dachang of the Shu Kingdom, Wang Yi, who gladly accepted.
After Gao Li followed Wang's horse, he was extremely attentive and clever, and he was deeply respected by the king, and all the matters of handing over with the imperial clan were paid to Gao Li. At that time, Emperor Huizong of Song had not yet inherited the throne and was his Duan King in the royal palace. Although Wang Yi was Zhao Yao's uncle, he had a good relationship with this Duan Wang, who was more than 40 years younger, and became a friend of the year.
One day, Zhao Yi and Wang Yi met in the upper dynasty, Zhao Yi wanted to tidy up his hair, but forgot to bring a comb (grate knife), borrowed from Wang Yi, Wang Yi handed over the comb he carried, Zhao Yi used the comb to tidy up his hair, found that this comb is not only easy to use, but also unique, he praised his comb as "very new and lovely".
When Wang Yi saw that Zhao Yao liked it, he said, "I have two combs of this style, and one of them has not been used. ”
In the evening of the same day, Wang Yi immediately ordered Gao Qi to send the comb to the Duanwang Mansion.
When Gao Li delivered the comb, Zhao Li was leading a group of relatives to play football, and Gao Li waited by the side, squinting at them to play football, quite disdainful. Zhao Li saw Gao Li, and from the look of his appearance, he seemed to be able to kick, so he called him to kick together, and as a result, the kicking was too good to make Zhao Li, the master of the court, marvel, and could not help but be overjoyed, and immediately said loudly to the people who came with Gao Li: "You have spoken to Wang Duwei, thank you Du Wei for the comb, and by the way, leave the person who sent the comb with you." ”
Since then, Gao Li has followed The Duanwang Zhao Li, and because he played football well, he slowly became a close confidant and has since soared.
After Zhao Tuo became emperor, Gao Li was also promoted one after another, and successively served as an envoy in front of the palace, a lieutenant, and a kaifu Yi tongsan division, and other important positions, not only opening the palace and building the palace, but also worshiping as an envoy, and his blessings were incomparable, and he was honored and honored for a lifetime.
After Gao Li became a high official, once, when he was in the Duanwang Mansion with Gao Li as a follower of Zhao Li, he took Gao Li as an example to ask Song Weizong for a reward, hoping to be reused like Gao Li, song Huizong listened to the request but smiled and said: "What to fight for, how can you compare with Gao Li's good feet!" ”
This is the real history of Gao Li in history.
Judging from the historical records, Gao Li was indeed an extremely intelligent person, and this was affirmed by the literati Su Dongpo, Wang Xue, and Song Weizong, who was first a prince and then an emperor, and that the officials did a good job, and their personality, ability, and ability were second to none, and their wisdom was absolute.
Another thing, his ending, can also prove that he is extremely clever. In the winter of 1125, when the Jin army invaded the south for the first time and was already approaching the capital kaifeng, the 43-year-old Emperor Huizong of Song hurriedly gave way to his eldest son Zhao Huan (Song Qinzong), and when the military and people of Kaifeng strengthened their defenses and fought to the death to resist the Jin army, under the pretext of honoring Xiang and returning the wish, together with Cai You, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng and Gao Qi, they hurried to the southeast to take refuge and fled.
After arriving in Sizhou, Tong Guan borrowed the orders of Emperor Huizong of Song to leave Gao Li in Sizhou and let him garrison Sizhou, while the rest of the people continued to flee south with Emperor Huizong of Song.
Gao Li's cleverness was that he did not stay, but returned to Kaifeng in the war on the grounds of illness. Whatever his own reason for insisting, he had returned on the way back on his way to escape, and he was still in great danger.
In this regard, Gao Li seems to have prescient.
Sure enough, later, when Song Qinzong was blamed for "Tokyo was besieged and heard about", Cai You, Tong Guan, and Liang Shicheng, who fled with Song Weizong, Cai You, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, and others were executed, but Gao Li returned from the precipice and was not liquidated, and finally saved his life and died well.
This incident is recorded in the book "Records of waving", which records: "At the beginning of Jing Kang, Gao Li drove to Linhuai and returned to The Beijing Division with a sick resignation. At that time, the attendants such as Tong Guan and Liang Shicheng were all sitting on the throne, and they died alone. ”
Smart isn't it?
However, in the historical records, Gao Li was not a great traitor and a great evil, he was just a long-term attendant and courtier of Song Huizong, and there was no special fault in itself.
As for why he was described by "Water Margin" as a traitor who cannot forgive all evils, he was just responsible for the faint-hearted Song Huizong, who was extremely extravagant, and even the singer Li Shishi did not let go of the prostitute Li Shishi in terms of lust, and finally ruined the country into this step, he was the culprit of the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the posterity did not pursue the emperor, but put the hat of all evil on the heads of Cai Jing, Tong Guan, and Gao Li, which was really Zhang Guan Li Dai.
Therefore, the historian Cai Dongfan commented on Song Huizong in the book "Popular Interpretation of Song History": "The Jin soldiers went south, the two rivers were lost, and they wanted to absolve themselves of responsibility for their sons, and they ran east to avoid the enemy. The late Northern Song Dynasty was actually Emperor Huizong. ”
Cai Dongfan is a native of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, born in Keban, who served as an alternate zhi county, and after seeing through the darkness of the official field, resigned his official post and returned to Li, and then in the great changes of the era in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, he responded to the call of the times, wrote books and said, woke up the world with books, and saved the country with books.
From 1916, Cai Dongfan spent a full 10 years immersed in writing history, starting from Qin Shi Huang, until 1920, the ninth year of the Republic of China, writing 2166 years of history, a total of 11 works, 1040 times, more than 6.5 million words, the total name is "Popular Interpretation of Chinese Dynasties", including the above-mentioned "Popular Interpretation of Song History".
Cai Dongfan wrote history, opposed "the fiction of history without evidence", and strictly achieved "no matter and no history", and was praised as "a generation of historians, a thousand autumn divine pens".
"Popular Interpretation of Chinese Dynasties" is created on the basis of the main history, the story is ups and downs, the language is humorous and funny, the characters are vivid, showing the ever-changing and magnificent historical picture, so once published, it is widely popular and constantly reprinted, becoming the most popular Chinese history book outside the "Twenty-Four Histories".
The famous historian Yang Tianshi said: "The biggest feature of Cai Dongfan's works lies in his strict pursuit of historical truth. He wrote historical interpretations, "all words have their own books", and strived to base their main plots on historical records; he often read a wide range of books and tried to find out the objective truth with regard to the differences and ambiguities in the literature; if it was difficult to draw conclusions for a while, all the theories coexisted; and he directly refuted the erroneous statements in the historical books he identified. It can be said that he is writing 'interpretation' in the spirit and method of studying history. ”
Historian Gu Jiegang commented on the book: "It is better to read the Twenty-Four Histories than to read Cai Dongfan! General history has been published a lot in the past, but it seems that it can rarely be compared with Mr. Cai Dongfan's work. Mr. Cai has adopted a very serious attitude towards the use and selection of historical materials. I believe that the republishment of this book can not only be used as a reading material for ordinary people, but also as a reference for people who love history. ”
After reading this set of books, some netizens commented: "Compared with the history of zhengzhi, Cai wrote a popular text, the characters were flexible, the emperor and nobles who were in a prominent and inflamed emperor, the literary and military generals who were young and shi biaobing, the literati and inkers who had been famous through the ages, and the martyrs who had not been passed down through the ages, all had flesh and blood, had a temperature, and had a personality; they did not skimp on words and deeds, did not skimp on writing and ink, insulted the defeated and degraded, and wrote with verbal criticism, and the words were infiltrated with the author's proud bones. ”
Today's recommendation to you is the hardcover gift box version of the Polytechnic University Press, a total of six copies, why recommend the hardcover version? Because the book is too thick, a total of six books, adding up to more than six thousand pages, one book has more than a thousand pages, not a hardcover version of the bad look. It also includes the very precious "Speech of Empress Dowager Cixi".
This version is well framed, the content is a new revised and uncut version, and Mr. Cai's comments when he created it.
The original price of this set of books was 408 yuan, the headlines did the activities, and the group purchase price was 165:
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Chinese Dynasties Popular Interpretation [Cai Dongfan Full set of 6 volumes of new edition hardcover] ¥165 Purchase