Work plan for the prevention and control of major crop diseases and insect pests in 2020

Agricultural Technology and Plant Protection [2020] No. 45

Plant protection (plant inspection, agricultural technology) stations (bureaus and centers) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Agricultural Development Service Centers of Tianjin And Liaoning Province, Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Prevention Center, And Agricultural Technology Extension Stations of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

In order to effectively do a good job in the prevention and control of major crop diseases and insect pests in 2020, solidly promote the reduction and efficiency of pesticides, and help the green and high-quality development of agriculture, our center has organized and formulated the "2020 Potato Major Disease and Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Protected Area Vegetable Important Pest Biological Control Technology Program", "2020 Orange Fruit Fly Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Northern Fruit Tree Rot Disease Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Major Disease and Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Major Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Major Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Major Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Major Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Major Disease and Pest Prevention and Control Technology Program", "2020 Tea Tree Disease Prevention and Control Technology Program" 2020 Grassland Borer Control Technology Plan". The plan is now being issued to you, and please earnestly grasp the implementation in light of local realities.

National Agricultural Technology Center

April 2, 2020

Technical solutions for the prevention and control of major potato pests and diseases in 2020

According to the forecast of the National Agricultural Technology Center, the overall incidence of potato late blight in 2020 is moderate, and the risk of epidemic in the eastern part of the southwest, the north of the northeast, the north of North China and the east of the northwest is high, with an area of 28 million mu; the diseases and insect pests such as early blight, mole disease, blight, scab disease, virus disease, black shin disease and potato tuber moth have aggravated trends. In order to control the major pests and diseases of potatoes, this plan is specially formulated.

1. Prevention and control objectives

The prevention and control rate of disease and pest occurrence areas is more than 95%, the professional unified prevention and control rule accounts for more than 40% of the total area of prevention and control, the overall prevention and control effect reaches more than 80%, and the loss rate of fresh potato hazards is controlled within 8%.

2. Prevention and control targets

According to the characteristics of major diseases and insects in different potato planting areas, the focus is on the prevention and control of "six diseases and four insects", namely potato late blight, early blight, mole disease, blight, black shin disease, scab disease, aphids, underground pests, twenty-eight star ladybirds, potato tubers and moths, and at the same time, according to the situation of each region, the prevention and control of ring rot, verticillium wilt, nigra necrosis, green blight, powder scabs and other diseases and insect pests.

3. Prevention and control strategies

Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", vigorously promote green prevention and control, select high-quality detoxified seed potatoes, give priority to disease-resistant varieties, use seed potato treatment and other technologies, use scientific drugs according to forecasts, and strengthen the combination of professional unified prevention and control and joint prevention and control of farmers.

4. Technical measures for prevention and control

(1) Zonal prevention and control priorities

1． Southwest and Wuling Mountain planting area: including Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and other provinces (cities), focusing on the prevention and control of late blight, early blight, mole disease, green blight, underground pests (grubs, ground tigers), potato tubers moth, thrips, taking into account black shin disease, viral disease, scab disease, aphids and other diseases and insect pests.

2． Northwest planting area: including Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other provinces (regions), focusing on the prevention and control of late blight, early blight, mole disease, blight, black shin disease, underground pests (grubs, ground tigers, golden needle worms), aphids, taking into account ring rot, scab disease, twenty-eight star ladybirds, potato tubers and other diseases and insects.

3． North China planting area: including Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces (regions), focusing on the prevention and control of late blight, early blight, mole disease, blight, viral disease, scab disease, underground pests (grubs, ground tigers, golden needle worms) and aphids, taking into account black shin disease, ring rot, powdery scabs, thrips, and twenty-eight star ladybirds.

4． East China, South China planting area: including Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces (regions), focusing on the prevention and control of late blight, early blight, nevus, nevus, necrosis, underground pests (grubs, ground tigers, golden needle worms), potato tubers, aphids and thrips, taking into account ring rot, scabs and blight.

5． Northeast planting area: including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other provinces, focusing on the prevention and control of late blight, early blight, mole disease, scab disease, black shin disease, grub, grub, underground pests (ground tiger, golden needle worm), taking into account aphids, ring rot, virus disease.

(2) Key prevention and control technologies

1． Late blight

(1) Select disease-resistant varieties. According to the characteristics of different regions, select the varieties that are suitable for the region to fight late blight.

(2) Seed potato treatment. Seven days before sowing, place the seed potato stall in a well-ventilated space, and turn the potato pieces every other day to pick out the sick and rotten potatoes. When the seed potato is cut into pieces before sowing, the knife is soaked in 75% alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate for 5-6 minutes for disinfection, and it is best to rotate the knife in rotation; after the seed potato is cut, the seed potato can be mixed with agents such as methylthiopyridine, and the seed potato coating can also be coated with a seed potato with a clonystonitrile suspension agent or a fine nail cream and clomononitrile suspension agent. After mixing seeds, dry and pack the mesh bags in small stacks, maintain good ventilation, promote wound healing, and sow seeds after 1-2 days.

(3) Spraying during the growth period. According to the monitoring of potato late blight monitoring and early warning system, determine the best time for prevention and control, or before the plant is sealed, select protective fungicides such as zinc manganese, propionin zinc, flucrylamine, cyanazole, Bacillus subtilis and other protective fungicides for whole-field spray treatment; after entering the epidemic period, according to the potato late blight monitoring and early warning system or field nursery monitoring, use agents such as enoyl morpholine, cyanamide cyanozole, oxyzole, fleurella, flexus pyrimidine, pyrimidine, phytosome, flupiramide and so on for prevention and control. Prevention and treatment should be based on professional unified prevention and control, the interval between application is 5-7 days (depending on the weather and the incidence of the disease), and the rain should be sprayed in time after spraying. Pay attention to the rotation of drugs, and advocate the addition of auxiliaries to improve the efficacy.

(4) Prevention and control during harvesting. 10-15 days before harvest, the seedlings are killed mechanically. After killing the seedlings, a copper preparation such as copper sulfate, copper hydroxide, Bordeaux liquid, etc. is sprayed once before harvesting to kill the pathogens on the soil surface and residual seedlings, and to prevent the infection of injured potato pieces.

2． Early blight

(1) Agronomic measures. Select disease-resistant (disease-resistant) varieties, increase the application of organic fertilizers, strengthen fertilizer water management during the growth period, and spray foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a timely manner.

(2) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. At the beginning of the disease, spray protective fungicides, such as helsin zinc, daisen manganese zinc and other agents 1-2 times, when the disease is more severe, use propiconazole or azoxystrobin, or acryloyl amine, enoyl pyrazole ester, phenoxymethazole and other agents for prevention and control, spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times.

3． Moles and blight

(1) Agronomic measures. Choose clean and disease-free seed potato sowing; implement rotation for more than three years, preferably with oil wheat, oats, wheat, corn, soybeans and broad beans and other crops in rotation to reverse stubble; fine preparation, local temperature above 10 ° C for sowing, sowing depth of 8-10 cm, low ground temperature and sowing too deep seedlings slowly, will aggravate the occurrence of mole disease.

(2) Seed potato treatment. Seeds can be mixed with agents such as methylthiopyridine, and seed potato coating can also be carried out with clonystonitrile suspension agent or fine nail cream and clorophytonitrile suspension agent.

(3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. Acetoster, thiofuran, fluzole aniline, fluamide and azoxystrobin were used for pre-sowing furrow application. Bacillus microbial agents or bacterial fertilizers are also used.

4． Scabs

(1) Select healthy and disease-free detoxified seed potatoes. Implement rotation for more than 3 years, it is best to rotate crops in water and drought, appropriate application of acidic fertilizers and increased green manure, and a small amount of multiple irrigation during tuber formation and expansion when conditions permit.

(2) Pharmacy ditch application. Oligoandrospermum, Pentachloronitrobenzene + fluorozilamine were applied to the pre-sowing ditch, and Bacillus subtilis biological agent and bacterial fertilizer were applied at the same time.

(3) Prevention and treatment of drugs during the growth period. Drip irrigation or spraying of oligo-male rot mold 2-3 times in the early stage of potato formation and during tuber expansion.

5． Necrosis and blight

(1) Agronomic control. Select disease-resistant varieties or disease-free detoxified seed potatoes, when cutting seeds, sterilize with a knife, and use agents such as thiamilone or cyclosomethromycin to mix seeds. Timely removal of diseased plants, found that the diseased plants should be timely whole plants uprooted, centralized destruction, in the disease cave and the surrounding sprinkling of a little swilled lime.

(2) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. Drip irrigation or spray with agents such as chlormycin, copper chloride or thiamillin.

6． Viral diseases

(1) Agronomic control. Sowing with high-quality detoxified seed potatoes.

(2) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. During the growth period, according to the occurrence of aphids and thrips, imidacloprid and other agents are used to add mineral oil for spray control.

7． Underground pests

It mainly includes golden needle worms, ground tigers, grubs, caddisflies and so on.

(1) Physical prevention and control. Field sex pheromones trap adults, sexual trappers set 1 per acre, set height about 20 cm from the top of potato plants; light booby traps, every 20-30 acres set an insecticidal lamp.

(2) Biological control. When sowing, it can be treated with mixed soil with biological agents such as green zombie bacteria or white zombie bacteria and thuringiensis.

(3) Chemical control. Optional cypermethrin spray, sprinkled on the ground with octylthion mixture soil before the adults emerge.

8． Twenty-eight star ladybugs

(1) Agronomic control. Adults are used to fake death beat plants to make them fall, collect and destroy or manually remove egg pieces, and concentrate on treatment to reduce the number of pests.

(2) Biological control. Microbial pesticides such as white zombie bacteria can be selected or natural enemies can be released for control.

(3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. From the peak of egg hatching to the dispersion of the third-instar larvae, foliar sprays such as high-efficiency cypermethrin were selected for an interval of 7-10 days.

9． aphids

(1) Agronomic control. Eradicate weeds in the field and on the edge of the ground, and cut off the middle host and habitat of aphids.

(2) Biological control. Aphids are controlled with biological agents such as matrine and pyrethrum.

(3) Chemical control. Spray control with imidacloprid, thiamethoxine and other agents.

10． Potato tuber moth

(1) Physical prevention and control. The prevention and control of adult insects adopts physical and chemical enticing techniques such as food attractants, sexual attractants, and light traps to control the number of adult insects at the lowest level.

(2) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. Pharmaceutical control is carried out between the peak of egg hatching and the dispersion of the second-instar larvae, and foliar sprays can be performed with the choice of carbamates or pyrethroids (or mixed with other biopesticides).

V. Strengthen specialized unified defense and rule

In view of the late epidemic, combined with the systematic monitoring and field survey results, a professional prevention and control team is organized to carry out the unified prevention and control of "unified time, unified pharmacy, unified method, unified application", so as to minimize the risk of recurrence of late epidemic disease.

Biological control technology program for important pests of vegetables in protected areas in 2020

There are many kinds of vegetable pests in the protected area, and the main occurrences of perennial insects are whiteflies, thrips, pest mites and aphids, which overlap generations, large insects, high resistance, heavy harm, and do not take prevention and control measures can lead to serious losses, or even extinction; occasionally there are small vegetable moths, cotton bollworms, beet nocturnal moths, twill nocturnal moths and other lepidopteran pests. The cultivation environment of the protected area is closed, the degradation of chemical pesticides is difficult, and the pollution is serious. The use of biological control technology is an effective way to replace the use of chemical pesticides, ensure the quality and safety of vegetables, and promote green plant protection. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of important pests of vegetables in protected areas, this plan is specially formulated.

The control and disposal rate of important pests in vegetables in protected areas is more than 95%, the overall control effect of pests is more than 80%, the damage loss rate is controlled within 10%, and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 50% compared with conventional control methods, so as to ensure vegetable production and product safety.

Second, prevention and control strategies

In view of the occurrence characteristics of vegetable pests in protected areas, the strategy of "real-time monitoring, early prevention, pre-control and post-control, and multiple strategies" is adopted, based on the technology of reducing the source of insect sources such as healthy cultivation, physical isolation and ecological control, and the release of natural enemy insects and the application of biopesticides are the main means to control pests below the allowable level of economic harm.

3. Scope of application

This scheme is suitable for vegetable pest control in protected area facilities with well controlled temperature and humidity, light, ventilation and containment within the facility.

Fourth, the main biological control technology

(1) Insect source base control and healthy cultivation technology

1． Cleaning the shed: After the harvest of the former stubble crops, pull the seedlings and clear the shed in time, completely remove the stumps, fallen leaves, fallen fruits, weeds, bare roots, etc., and concentrate harmless treatment outside the shed.

2． Soil disinfection: soil disinfectant is evenly and appropriately applied before colonization to kill pathogens, and beneficial bacterial fertilizer is added after treatment.

3． Install insect nets: Set up buffer rooms next to the shed, and install 30 mesh insect nets at the entrance and entrance and upper and lower vents to block the invasion of pests.

4． Shed disinfection: After covering the insect net, the closed fumigation or agent is evenly sprayed on the wall, shed film, buffer room 1-2 times, and sown or transplanted after 10-15 days. During the summer break, the high temperature shed is carried out for 15-21 days using solar energy.

5． Planting functional plants: planting sesame seeds, alfalfa and other honey source plants that are conducive to the breeding of natural enemy insects in the open space of the shed, planting celery, fennel and other avoidant plants that have a repellent effect on pests in front of the vents in the shed, or selective intercropping beans and other lures plants for concentrated pest elimination.

6． Healthy cultivation: increase the application of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, transplanting of robust seedlings without diseases and insects, reasonable fertilizer water, reasonable dense planting and yield load, ground covering to control humidity; application of amino oligosaccharides, protein immuno-attractants, etc., to improve the plant resistance to diseases and insects.

(2) Natural enemy insect release technology

1． Pest monitoring: At the seedling stage and after colonization, the color plate is used to monitor or visually monitor the occurrence of the pest population, and the corresponding control measures are adopted when the pest is found.

2． Unleash the technology

(1) Control of whitefly pests

Pest species: greenhouse whitefly, whitefly, etc.

Natural enemy species: Li Aphid wasp, East Asian small flower bug, smoke blind bug, Tsukawa blunt mite and other natural enemies.

Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Li aphid wasps are released once every 7-10 days according to 2000 heads/mu, released 3-5 times continuously; East Asian small flower bugs are released once every 7-10 days according to 500 heads/mu, released once every 7-10 days, released 2-4 times continuously; Smoke blind bugs are released in the seedbed according to 0.5-1 heads/m2 15-2 days before colonization, released once a time; or after colonization, released according to 1-2 heads/m2, released continuously, released once every 7 days; Leaf sprinkling Shi Shi Tsuchuan blunt mite 100 heads / m 2-200 heads / m2, Release once a week, release 3 times.

(2) Control of thrips pests

Pest species: palm thrips, westflower thrips, shallot thrips, tube thrips, etc.

Natural enemy species: small flower bugs, new small pigtail mites, pasteurized new small mites and sword-haired pyrogynides.

Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Small flower bug predators are released every 7-10 days at 500 heads/mu, released 2-4 times in a row; the root sprinkles 100 heads/m 2-200 heads/m2, while the leaves sprinkle 100 heads/m 2-200 small pig mites or courgette new small pig mites 100 heads/m2-200 heads/m2, released once every 2 weeks, released 2 times -3 times.

(3) Prevention and control of pest mites

Pest mite species: cinnabar leaf mite, truncated leaf mite, dichophyllum leaf mite, etc.

Natural enemy species: Chilean small plant mite, California new small mite, courgette new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.

Release technology: After 10-15 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and release predatory mites when pest mites are found. The leaves are sprinkled with 5 heads/m2-10 heads/m2 of Chilean small plant mites, and the central plant releases 30 heads/m2 when the spot occurs, releasing once every 2 weeks, releasing 3 times; or the leaves sprinkle 300 heads/m2-500 heads/m2 of the new small mites in the state, releasing once a week, releasing 3-5 times; or select the new small pig mites of Pasteurization and the new small apples of courgette, and the release method is the same as that of the new small pig mites in California.

(4) Control of aphid pests

Pest species: peach aphid, melon aphid, pea aphid, radish aphid.

Predator species: Aphid cocoon bees, ladybirds, grasshoppers, aphid-eating paralysis mosquitoes.

Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Aphid cocoon wasps are released once every 7-10 days according to 2000-4000 heads/mu, released 3 times in a row; ladybugs (eggs) are released once every 7-10 days, and released 2-3 times continuously; grasshoppers (cocoons) are released once every 7-10 days, and released 2-3 times continuously; aphids are released once every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times are released continuously; aphids are released once every 7-10 days, and 3-4 times continuously.

(5) Control of Lepidoptera pests

Pest species: small cabbage moth, beet nocturnal moth, cotton bollworm, twill nocturnal moth, etc.

Predator species: Red-eyed bees, flying bugs, semi-closed-tailed wasps.

Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Red-eyed bees are released once every 5-7 days according to 20,000 heads/mu, released 3 times in a row; cockroaches are released at 50-100 heads/mu, or every 5-7 days, released 1-2 times continuously; semi-closed curved tailed wasps are released once every 10-20 days, and released 1-3 times continuously.

(3) Biological pesticide prevention and control technology

As a supplement to the release technology of natural enemy insects, biopesticide control technology is used when the occurrence of pests in protected areas is large, the number of insect mouths needs to be rapidly depressed to release natural enemies, or the control effect of natural enemies is insufficient. Before use, it is necessary to determine the compatibility of biopesticides with natural enemies and reduce their impact on natural enemies.

Usually, the pesticide is applied at the beginning of the occurrence or occurrence of pest spot tablets, preferably microbial or plant-derived insecticides, acaricides. Whiteflies can choose mineral oil, coccidioides, reedine and other agents, pest mites can choose mineral oil, matrine and other agents, aphids can choose pyrethroids, pyrethroids, matrine, rotenone and other agents, thrips can choose polycycline, coccidioids, scarab beetles and other agents, lepiteran pests can choose short stable bacillus, thuringiensis, neem, nuclear polyhedrovirus and other agents.

Comprehensive prevention and control technology scheme for orange small fruit fly in 2020

Orange fruit fly is the main pest of a variety of fruit trees, in China's annual occurrence of 3-11 generations, anniversary can occur, generation overlap is obvious, the occurrence of serious harm. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of orange small fruit flies in 2020, this plan is specially formulated.

The prevention and disposal rate reaches more than 80%, the application area of green prevention and control technology reaches more than 80%, the overall prevention and control effect is more than 85%, and the hazard loss rate is controlled below 5%, so as to ensure the safe production of citrus and other fruit tree crops.

For the endangered areas, wintering areas and non-wintering areas that occur annually but move into the hazardous areas every year, the prevention and control strategies of zoning management, classification guidance, joint prevention and control, and integrated prevention and control are adopted respectively, the monitoring of the occurrence period of orange small fruit flies is strengthened, and the comprehensive prevention and control technologies based on agronomic measures, adult booby traps are the key, biological control is auxiliary, and pharmaceutical control is supplemented, and the insect source base is reduced year by year.

3. Key areas

The main occurrence areas of Orange Fly in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Chongqing and other areas where orange flies occur are the key areas for prevention and control.

4. Prevention and control measures

(1) Adult monitoring

The monitoring time is determined by the area of occurrence, the annual occurrence area needs to be monitored throughout the year, and the seasonal occurrence area is selected from March to November. Orchards with more hazards from the previous year were selected and monitored with a suspended attractant (methyl eugenol) trap. The trap is suspended at a height of about 1.5 meters above the ground to avoid direct shade from leaves and direct sunlight. In the area of high density of orange small fruit fly, each monitoring point hangs 3 traps per acre; in the low density occurrence area of orange small fruit fly, each monitoring point hangs 1 trap per acre; and in the area of 0.5-1.0 square kilometers of the unincured area, hangs 1 trap. The survey is carried out once a week to count the number of insects.

(b) Agricultural measures

1． Clean the orchard. Pick up fallen and rotten fruits in time. Especially during the ripening period of the fruit, once a week, regularly remove the insect fruit on the tree and pick up the fruit falling on the ground, directly into a thick plastic bag to tie the mouth of the bag to suffocate the pests, or pour the insect fruit into the fertilizer pond to soak, or use it to feed chickens, fish, pigs and other animals.

2． Fruit bagging. Before bagging, remove the excess leaves on the stem or the base of the fruit spike, and spray an insecticide and fungicide as needed to prevent the breeding of diseases and insect pests in the bag. Bagging should be carried out on a sunny day.

3． Adjust the crop layout. The crop types in the planting area should be as uniform as possible, and the ripening period of the fruit should be consistent to cut off the food chain of the orange small fruit fly.

(3) Booby traps adults

1． Protein bait booby traps. When the population density rises sharply or during the fruit color transition period, spot sprays such as protein baits trap adult insects, spray 10 points per acre, interlaced or intergeneration point spray. Spray the lower canopy leaf back at each point, about 0.5 square meters, once a week. Should be selected on a sunny day.

2． Sweet and sour booby traps. Self-contained sweet and sour solution into a trap to trap adult insects. Commercially available traps are hung in the recommended number, and homemade traps are suspended in 20-30 per acre. The homemade trap can choose a 500-600 ml plastic bottle, in the upper and lower sides of the bottle body, the upper and lower openings, the size of about 3×3 cm, opened upwards, forming a shelter. The trap is suspended in the lower middle part of the north side of the canopy and in the shade of the back. Add 100 ml of sweet and sour solution to each bottle. Replace the sweet and sour solution every 7 days, if the rain is diluted or the temperature is too high, the attractant evaporates in advance, and the sweet and sour liquid is added in time.

3． Sexual trapping booby-traps. It can be used as a supporting prevention and control measure. In the area of high density of orange small fruit fly, 5 traps are hung per acre, and in the low density area of orange small fruit fly, 3 traps are hung per acre. Add 1.5-2 ml of sexual attractant to each trap. Add disposable attractants every 30-45 days. When the number of traps in the trap is large, it should be cleaned up in time.

(4) Biological control

1． Raise chickens to remove insects. Taking advantage of the characteristics of old ripe larvae jumping into the topsoil pupa from the fallen fruit, the chickens in the conditional orchard can feed on the orange small fruit fly pupae in the topsoil, and can also peck at the orange small fruit fly larvae in the falling fruit. The use of pesticides is prohibited in orchards during stocking.

2． Sterile males are released from the field. In places where conditions permit, when the population density of orange small fruit fly begins to rise, the field can be implemented after the implementation of sexual abduction of males, protein booby-traps and other measures can release sterile males, using a homemade sterile male releaser, each releaser into the pupae of 250-300 ml sterile males (about 10000-12000 adults), each release point interval of about 100-150 meters, released once a week.

3． Artificial release of parasitic wasps. In ecologically sound orchards, natural enemy releases can be made. Generally, the base number of orange small fruit flies in the orchard is first depressed, and then according to the field monitoring, the parasitic bees of different insect states such as egg parasitic bees, larval parasitic bees, pupae parasitic bees and other insect states are selected for release, and the release of parasitic bees is determined according to the number of orange small fruit flies in the field. Beekeeping should be selected for weather with a temperature of more than 22 °C, sunny and less than 3 winds, between 10:00 and 16:00.

(5) Pharmaceutical prevention and treatment

Before the fruit color change period and the peak period of egg laying of orange small fruit fly, according to the results of insect monitoring, if emergency control is required, contact killer and gastric toxic insecticide can be selected, and about 2%-5% brown sugar is added to the liquid for spraying. The medication should be taken before 9:00 a.m. Pesticide use strictly implements pesticide safety use standards and pesticide rational use guidelines.

Technical plan for the prevention and control of fruit tree rot disease in northern China in 2020

Rot disease can harm apples, pears, peaches and other fruit trees, resulting in rotten bark, dry branches, dead trees and garden destruction, and serious losses. In particular, there are many types of rotting pathogens, many cross-infections, and many harmful hosts, and the disease has become a key prevention and control object in Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and other provinces (regions). In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of fruit tree rot disease in 2020, and at the same time guide the prevention and control of other branch diseases such as rot disease, and promote the quality and efficiency of fruit trees and sustainable development, this plan is specially formulated.

The prevention and disposal rate has reached more than 90%, the overall prevention and control effect is more than 85%, and the hazard loss rate is controlled within 7%.

According to the guidelines of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention", the new disease prevention strategy of "destroying the body, preventing invasion and blocking expansion" is applied, and a comprehensive and efficient prevention and control technology system based on lowering the source base of bacteria and improving the disease resistance of the tree body is established, focusing on the prevention of pathogen invasion.

3. Prevention and control technology

(1) Healthy cultivation

1． Do a good job of orchard hygiene and remove the source of infection. Pruning branch residues and diseased residues should be cleared and transported away from the orchard in time, or stacked in a concentrated way to cover the film inside and outside the garden, or sprayed with fungicide twice in early spring to prevent the breeding and spread of germs.

2． Strengthen cultivation management. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, decomposing farm manure, green manure, etc., improve the content of soil organic matter, improve soil structure and properties, timely irrigation and drainage. Reasonable load, due to the fixed production of the tree, the diseased and weak tree appropriately reduce the load to help the tree recover health.

3． Reduce and avoid all types of wound infections. After the leaves fall, the trunk of the tree is painted white, anti-freeze, anti-sunburn, control of pest damage to reduce wounds, winter shearing saw hole protection.

(2) Inducing disease resistance of fruit trees

Since the test results in the northern fruit area of the country show that the fruit trees have a high rate of asymptomatic bacteria and the orchards with sufficient fertility and water, it is recommended that the foliar sprays such as amino oligosaccharides and other immuno-attracting agents before flowering and the young fruit stage of the fruit trees are sprayed once each to enhance the resistance of the tree to latent infested pathogens.

(3) Prevention and treatment of pharmaceutical agents

1． Prevention of infestation. After fruit picking and before deciding leaves, spray the whole tree (trunk, large branches, branches) with an inhalation therapeutic effect of phenyl ether methylcyclazole and other fungicides once. Germination to young fruit stage, is the peak period of pathogen spore transmission and infection, should be selected to use valproazol or pyrazole ether ester or thiamethone or oligoandrostrel rot mold and other agents, with a high concentration of brushing the main trunk of the fruit tree and the base of the large branch twice, an interval of 10-15 days, to prevent the infection of the bacteria. If the thick and old bark of the tree is scraped before applying the medicine, the effect is better.

2． Treatment of diseased trees with spots. The spots found should be scraped off in time, and the smaller the spots, the easier it is to cure. Wounds that scrape off the spots should be timely applied with agents such as methylthiopramine to disinfect and promote wound healing. Trees with too many scratches and too many scars on the trunk should use bridging technology to ensure the normal delivery of nutrients.

3． Prevention and control of other diseases and insects. Do a good job in the prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests such as early leaf litter disease, leaf mites, and black star disease, and prevent aggravated harm in synergy with rot disease.

Technical solutions for the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of tea plants in 2020

The main pests and diseases that occur in tea gardens in China are tea small green leafhopper (small green leafhopper), gray tea inchworm, tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea orange gall mite, coffee claw mite, black betant whitefly, horned breast leaf beetle, tea net bug, tea black poison moth, tea yellow thrips, tea stick thrips, tea cake disease and anthrax. In order to effectively control the main diseases and pests of tea plants, control losses to a minimum, and ensure the safety of tea production and quality, this program is specially formulated.

The control and disposal rate of major diseases and insects has reached more than 90%, the overall control effect has reached more than 85%, and the loss rate of tea plant diseases and insect pests has been controlled within 10%. The coverage rate of green prevention and control technology has reached more than 55%, and the quality of tea meets the requirements of China's tea hygiene quality standards.

The tea plant pest control strategy based on ecological regulation, focusing on physical and chemical inducement control and biological control, and supplemented by scientific and rational drug use is applied. Adhere to local conditions, zoning governance, give priority to the use of fitness cultivation, immune resistance, light booby-trapping, color plate enticing, sexual pheromone trapping and biological pesticides, as well as the protection and utilization of natural enemies and other green prevention and control technologies, scientific, safe and rational use of efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, promote the integration of regional unified prevention and control and green prevention and control, and ensure the quality and safety of tea and the ecological environment of tea gardens.

3. Prevention and control measures

1． South China Tea Region: mainly including Hainan Province, Southern Yunnan, South Central Guangdong, Southern Guangxi, Southeast Fujian. The main diseases and insects are tea leafhopper, coffee claw mite, gray tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea weevil, hornhorax leaf beetle, tea black poison moth, tea curly leaf moth, tea yellow thrips, tea orange gall mite, black spinach whitefly, tea cake disease and tea anthrax.

2． Southwest Tea Region: Mainly including north-central Yunnan, southeastern Tibet, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province and Chongqing Municipality. The main diseases and insects are tea leafhopper, gray tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea stick thrips, tea net bug, tea yellow thrips, tea black poison moth, black betula, tea tarsus line mite, tea cake disease, tea anthrax, white star disease and so on.

3． Jiangnan Tea Region: Mainly including northern Guangdong, northern Guangxi, northern Fujian, Zhejiang Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, southeast and west of Hubei, Anhui Province and southern Jiangsu. The main diseases and insects are tea leafhopper, gray tea inchworm (or tea inchworm), black spotted whitefly, tea caterpillar, tea aphid, tea lily tattoo beetle, horned breast leaf beetle, tea reticulate bug, tea leaf curl moth, tea white star disease, tea anthracnose and tea cake disease.

4． Jiangbei Tea Area: Mainly including northern Hubei, northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu, southeastern Shandong, southern Henan, southern Shaanxi and Longnan, Gansu. The main pests are tea leafhopper, gray tea inchworm, tea net bug, tea caterpillar, black spinach, tea aphid, tea moth, tea cake disease and tea anthrax.

(2) Main technical measures

1． Tea small green leafhopper. Maintain the natural vegetation around the tea garden, intercropping with flowering herbs and woody plants, and appropriately retaining weeds in the garden in autumn and winter, providing shelter for spiders and parasitic bees, and enhancing the potential of ecological control. During the production season, timely and batch diligent harvesting, remove weeds between tea rows, and control the base of insect mouth. For fields that meet the control targets, the following agents can be sprayed: neem, veronyl, theaphynosin, furazine, indanamide, bifenum, carbonitrile, zovamide, etc.

2． Grey tea inchworm (tea inchworm). Combined with the autumn fertilization of the tea garden, the soil is ploughed to reduce the survival rate of the overwintering pupae in the soil. Insect trap lamps are installed in the gray tea inchworm tea garden, and the lights are turned on during the peak period of feathering to trap adult insects. Protect and utilize important natural enemies such as tea ruler midge cocoon bees, single white wool cocoon bees, spiders and so on. During the feathering period of adult gray tea inchworm, 2-3 sets of gray tea inchworm pheromone traps are placed per acre to trap and kill male insects. Biological control using tea inchworm virus preparations should be mastered at the 1st, 2nd or 5th and 6th generation of young larval stages. When the insect population base reaches or exceeds the control index, the following agents can be sprayed: tea core, suyunjin, matrine, bacillus breve, cypermethrin, high-efficiency cypermethrin, biphenyl methyl vitamin salt, etc.

3． Tea caterpillar. The habit of tea caterpillar colonies is used to carry out artificial hunting. During the feathering period of adult tea caterpillars, trap lamps are installed to trap adult insects, and 2-3 sets of tea caterpillar sex pheromone traps are placed per acre to trap male insects. Biological control is carried out using tea caterpillar virus preparations, and the control period is mastered at the young larval stage. When the insect population base reaches or exceeds the control index, the following agents can be sprayed: matrine, bacillus breve, high-efficiency cypermethrin, biphenyl methyl vitamin salt, etc.

4． Tea orange gall mite. Harvest in batches at the right time, and take away some of the adult mites, eggs, young mites and mites. In late autumn, the garden is sealed with stone sulfur compound or mineral oil. In the early stage of the peak of tea orange gall mite, it can be controlled by quinoa alkali and mineral oil.

5． Black betula. Strengthen the management of tea gardens, dredge branches and clear gardens, and promote ventilation and light transmission of tea gardens to inhibit their occurrence. At the beginning of the feathering of adults in the overwintering generation, pheromones + yellow plates are used to trap adult insects, and 15-20 lure plates are hung per acre. The first generation of larvae hatches during the peak period, can be sprayed with thiamethoxine biphenyl, cypermethrin and other agents. In autumn, the fields with high overwintering insect mouths can be closed with stone sulfur compounds and mineral oil.

6． Tea yellow thrips. Harvest in batches at the right time, deteriorate their nutritional conditions and shelters, and take away some eggs, nymphs and adults. Trap adults with pheromones + blue or pheromones + yellow-green trap plates. Combined with the control of major pests such as tea small green leafhopper and gray tea inchworm, it is combined with treatment.

7． Tea tarsal mites. Harvest in batches, especially in combination with the organic harvesting of summer tea. Emulsion mineral oil can be used for the control agent. Non-picking tea gardens or closed gardens after autumn can be sprayed with stone sulfur compounds, mineral oil, etc.

8． Tea cake disease. Timely batch of diligent harvesting, combined with the transformation of tea gardens, select the appropriate period of pruning and cutting to remove diseased leaves. Remove dead branches, improve the ventilation and light transmittance of tea gardens, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and enhance the disease resistance of tea plants. In tea gardens with severe disease in previous years, agents such as phenoxymethoconazole or pyrazole ether ester can be continuously sprayed twice at the beginning of the disease, with an interval of 7 to 10 days.

9． Tea anthrax. When planting tea plantations, select robust seedlings that are resistant to them. Balanced fertilization to improve the disease resistance of tea plants, timely pruning of diseased branches. Pick at the right time. For re-occurrence of tea plantations, phenoxymethaclazole, pyrazole ether ester, etc. can be used for prevention and control.

Remarks: The pesticide varieties selected in this technical program are references to the pesticide varieties that can be used in tea gardens in China, and the tea gardens for exported tea products should carefully select pesticide varieties in accordance with the requirements of the product importing countries. The specific use concentration, use method and safety interval of the product must carefully read the label and instruction manual.

2020 grassland borer control technology plan

Meadow borer is an intermittent outbreak, migratory, omnivorous pest. According to the expert consultation and prediction organized by the National Agricultural Technology Center, the population of grassland borer will rebound significantly in 2020, and there may be partial heavy occurrence in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and western Jilin and Hebei dams. For example, if mongolia, Kazakhstan, Russia and other foreign insect sources migrate in in the summer, the second-generation larvae may cause harm in local areas. In order to do a good job in prevention and control, this plan is specially formulated.

Timely emergency prevention and control was carried out in the area of re-occurrence, and the hazard of large-scale cluster migration of larvae was controlled, the prevention and control disposal rate reached more than 90%, the prevention and control effect reached more than 85%, and the hazard loss was controlled below 5%; the disposal rate in the medium and low density areas reached more than 70%, and the hazard loss was controlled below 3%. Ensure that grassland borers do not cause disasters in farmland in frequently occurring areas and do not cause serious harm to farmland in occasional areas.

Block the source of alien insects and control the source of local insects. Strengthen the monitoring of insect conditions, mainly control larvae, supplemented by trapping adult insects. Combined with ecological regulation, physical and chemical inducement control, to minimize the harm. Strengthen joint prevention and control and unified defense and control in the public areas around farmland.

(1) Key areas for prevention and control

1． Overwintering adults focus on monitoring areas. Most of the three northeastern provinces, northern Hebei, eastern Inner Mongolia and northern Ningxia.

2． Larval key control areas. Agricultural areas such as southwest Heilongjiang, western Jilin and northern Liaoning, and agricultural and pastoral staggered areas such as northern Hebei, Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia, and Shizuishan City in Ningxia.

1． Ecological regulation technology. For wintering areas, autumn ploughing and winter irrigation and spring rakes are implemented, wintering sites are destroyed, and the planting of grassland borer non-pleasant crops such as buckwheat, millet and millet is promoted for ecological control.

2． Light trap adult technology. In the key occurrence areas of overwintering adults of grassland borers and the landing sites of alien insect sources, physical booby traps such as insecticidal lamps are installed in advance to trap and kill adult grass borers in time to reduce the base of insect sources. Insecticidal lamps should be placed in places with open lines of sight and no shelter around them; in places where honey plants such as beans, sunflowers, and alfalfa are planted, the height of the lamp should be 20 cm higher than the top of the surrounding main crops.

3． Weeding and egg extermination technology in cultivation. For non-feeder crops such as grass crops, potatoes, etc., the grass borers are removed before spawning, and the grass borers are fed such as hemp, beans, sunflowers, etc., in combination with the cultivation of weeds and weeds during the peak of spawning, and the weeds removed are taken out of the field for fertilizer or centralized treatment. Particular attention should be paid to the removal of weeds from the Quinoa and Tateshinidae families, as well as weeds in the field edge mounds and inaccessible lands. In the fields where the larvae have hatched, it is necessary to spray first and then weed to avoid the concentration of larvae to the crops.

4． Trenching barrier and spray belts to prevent larval migration techniques. In areas where grassland borers occur seriously, in order to prevent the larvae from migrating from the junctions of grasslands, wastelands, forest belts, and degraded grasslands to farmland, it is necessary to implement the methods of digging trenches, spraying belts, and vertical membrane barriers in uninhabited plots, plots with small larvae in the field, and plots with concentrated insect amounts at the age of some larvae to prevent the spread of harm.

5． Pharmaceutical control technology. Grasp the critical period of pharmaceutical control of larvae before the 3rd instar (about 10 days after the egg start to flourish), and select matrine, trizophos, methylvitamin triazoliphos and other agents to spray for control. Areas with serious occurrences should adopt emergency prevention and control to concentrate on annihilation, scattered areas should implement key pick and kill point treatment, and pay attention to the prevention and control of larvae in the field, the ground, and the wasteland.

Date: 2020-04-03Source: Pest Control Division