Han family compound
"Out of the south gate, three tigers, who don't know Han Laowu." WufuTang (Han Jia tang number), the wealth is wide, and whoever has difficulties will be disbursed. "In the Fengfeng Mining Area and the village of North Bate Village, this good story is circulating. Han Laowu, also known as Han Jincheng, was ennobled by the imperial court as "Hanlin Wupin To be Commanded" during the Qing Guangxu dynasty, and was an enlightened squire who combined officials, merchants, and farmers, and the master of the Han family compound. Because the nine brothers are ranked fifth, they are called Han Laowu.
Today we will visit the Han family compound with a unique layout and magnificent momentum known as the "pearl rolling curtain".
Han Family Compound:
There are a total of 13 large and small courtyards, more than 200 large and small houses (excluding the Han family's shops in the village), the courtyard is 88 meters long from east to west, 50 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 4,400 square meters, built in the third year of the Qing Dynasty, the owner Han Jincheng.
Neighbors do not set up doors to guard against the outside and not inside
According to Shen Haishun, a villager who accompanied us to investigate and study local culture, the Han family compound originally had two gates, namely the west gate and the east gate, and because the Han family compound was adjacent to the street from the north to the south, adjacent to other houses, there was no gate, and the residents of the village usually walked through the alleys through the hutongs, and even when eating with a rice bowl, they could also go to the door of the "pearl inverted roller blind" courtyard, and outsiders had to be allowed by the Han family to enter the east and west gates of the Han family to get to the front of the "pearl rolling curtain" courtyard where the master lived, thus forming an east-west closed north-south opening , a unique architectural layout that prevents the outside and not the inside.
The west gate is the main gate of the Han family, this door is cornice hugging the building, bluestone three-level with sloped stone, tung oil black lacquer gate, there is a brick carved plaque on the lintel, on the door lintel is written "Zebu Township Neighbor" four big characters, giving people a sense of kindness and kindness, from the West Street into this door through the Han Family Ancestral Hall "Wufu Hall" turn left to the east to reach the owner's residence "Pearl Inverted Roller Shutter" courtyard door.
The east gate and the west gate of the building shape is different, this door does not come out of the eaves do not hold the building, bluestone three steps, arch ticket door opening, appear simple and simple solemn, the lintel also has a brick carved plaque, on the book "good as the foundation", from the East Street into this door right turn through the three courtyards can also be to the "pearl inverted roller blinds" courtyard door in front of the door. This ingenious design is called by the locals as "to meet Han Laowu, enter the north gate, go south, go to the west courtyard, enter the north house, and walk backwards with pearl roller blinds."
Two gates were demolished in the 1980s when the village was expanded.
Such a layout of buildings is also one of the few in the northern residential compounds.
Limited space Unlimited culture
A manor made of bricks and stones was originally a habitat for people to shelter from the wind and rain, and the owner of the Han family, who had been out of the "Hanlin Five Pins to be Commanded", skillfully and perfectly integrated his own values with the essence of traditional eunuch culture, Confucian culture, farming culture, and trade culture in the limited space of the manor, which not only reflected its own cultural cultivation and concept of life, but also gave the building the aura and elegance, embedded in the exquisite plaque of the Han family compound building, wood carving, stone carving, Brick carvings and the shape of the building are the best embodiment and display.
Entering and leaving the East and West Gates of the Han Family, the two brick carved plaques hanging high above , "Zebu Rural Neighbor" and "Goodness-based" meet with the descendants of the Han family every day, always reminding them of the code of conduct for doing things as people, and is also the moral standard for the Han family to be an official and do business and to deal with the world.
Standing in front of the gate of the "Pearl Rolling Curtain" courtyard, looking up, the flower wall of six meters on both sides of the front is five meters high, and the fifteen meters wide and low at both ends is shaped like an "official hat", implying that the owner here is the official eunuch's house; in the entrance door, the brick carvings on the south side of the gatehouse are four vigorous italic characters "Beidou Gaoming", and the brick carvings on the doorposts of the west courtyard are full of strong Confucian education charm.
The bluestone gate piers of the east and west courtyards are carved with auspicious clouds and beasts such as heavenly horses, unicorns sending sons, roaring tigers in the sky, and stepping on cloud lions, in addition to the town demons to ward off evil spirits, there are also prayers for good luck and good health, and the meaning of Pengcheng Wanli. Between the east and west courtyards, the bricks around the moon gate cave are carved with peony, lotus, pomegranate, bamboo and other patterns, peony represents wealth, lotus symbolizes the purity of mud without staining, pomegranate means more children and many blessings, and repairing bamboo implies the good wish of high bamboo to report peace, which looks chic and fresh.
Pearl inverted roller blinds
Among the thirteen courtyard buildings in the Han family compound, the most exquisite building and the most unique layout is the "pearl inverted roller blind" courtyard where the owner lives.
It sits north to south, by the east, west and south of the three courtyards to form a "pin" glyph, the only gate of the compound open in the north, people entering the compound must go from the north to the south of the twenty-four meters narrow laneway to reach the door of these three courtyards, into the independent gate of the east and west courtyards, and then turn north, through the courtyard to reach the north house where the master lives, this ingenious design is called by the locals "to see Han Laowu, enter the north gate, go south, to the west courtyard, into the north house, pearl roller blinds upside down."
Outside the gate of the "Pearl Rolling Curtain" is a twenty-eight-meter long corridor with ten columns and a cornice that is one point five meters wide. Unfortunately, the promenade collapsed in the 1980s, leaving only two arched doors and bluestone pillars scattered in the corners of the wall, and a bolt hole in the wall still shows the prosperity and bustle of the past.
According to the architectural customs of the residential compound, there is a wall outside the gate of the large household, and there is a shadow wall in the gate. The "Pearl Rolling Curtain" courtyard has no wall outside the gate, and the shadow wall of the gate is replaced by the "Moon Gate" at the end of the laneway, which is the best embodiment of the owner's open and inclusive thinking, and it is also one of the few in the northern residential compound.
The gate is bluestone undercover, green brick through the roof, arched door opening, the second floor has two circular observation windows and flower walls, high thresholds, wide door frames, two wide and heavy doors standing on both sides of the door frame stone, it looks simple and solemn. In the past, there were stone lions in front of the doors of large households, in addition to highlighting the doors, the image was mighty and fierce, mainly to ward off evil spirits. The pair of stone lions of the Han family were a harmonious bunch, smiling often, and the smiling face of Joy Yingying turned his head to look at the moon gate at the end of the alleyway, which was a different kind of scenery. The master's design is allegorical, the Han family runs a business name, "and anger to make money" is the same truth for eternity, so it has left a "smiling lion looking at the moon in the local area, and the qi generation rich family prospers." The pearl roller blinds walk upside down, and han lao wu built a different house. "Slip of the tongue.
Entering the door, the east and west three meters wide, the north and south twenty-four meters narrow laneway, bluestone paving, coupled with the two sides of the four meters and five high walls, giving people a sense of tranquility and tranquility, but also highlight the ancients said "choose the place and gather qi" connotation and the roadway smooth and deep meaning, coupled with the end of the moon gate scenery, it formed a "winding path" classical garden landscape effect. According to Shen Haishun, the "Round Gate of the Turning Head Lion" was designed and built by Han Jincheng, who hired a famous skilled craftsman in Shanxi.
Moon Gate, also known as cave gate, in the garden architecture called "Haoyue Ruyi Gate", in the past is the passage between the courtyard and the courtyard in the courtyard of the large family, but also the symbol of the distinction between the outer courtyard and the inner house, the arc-shaped door hole built on the wall, no steps, no door leaf, only with the flower wall. The moon gate of the Han family compound is located in the middle of the two doorways of the east and west courtyards, with an outer width of 2 meters and a half meters, an inner wall of 1 meter 9, and a beautiful brick carving. Entering this gate is the south courtyard (backyard), because the west courtyard is the courtyard where the master lives, the east courtyard is the courtyard where the children live, and the south courtyard is the lower people's residence and other outbuildings. After a hundred years of ups and downs, the "pearl rolling curtain" is the most precious tangible wealth left by Han Jincheng to the Bate people.
Pickpocket the history of the Han family's family
Bade is located in the Hecun Fault Belt Basin in front of the Taihang Mountains, and is an ancient village and town, which was previously under the jurisdiction of Wu'an in the Republic of China. According to the inscriptions of the Qing Dynasty in the village; there were ancestors who flourished here during the Warring States period, which has a history of more than 2,300 years, and with the increase of population, hongji bridge is divided into two villages in the south and north. The village has an excellent geographical location, nestled in the arms of Taixing in the west, with Drum Mountain as a barrier in the east, the jade belt in the north pillow river, and the ancient road pass in the south, which is a place with beautiful landscapes and fertile land. During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was a military artery for mobilizing troops and transporting grain and grass in wartime. From the beginning of the Northern Qi Dynasty, the emperors Gao Yang and Gao Huan, who were the emperors of The capital Of Yicheng, traveled back and forth between Yecheng and Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan) as a necessary place for them to worship the Buddha and escape the summer, and At that time Bate was the most important post on this official road. During the Tang and Song dynasties, it was a market on the commercial corridor of shangdang (present-day Changzhi) out of the Taihang Mountains and across fukou to the Central Plains. In the thirteenth year of Ming Jiajing, the village was changed into a town, and the Qing Dynasty has become a distribution center for coal, white ash, timber, bricks, mountain goods, soil cloth, iron, grain and other commodities within a radius of more than a dozen miles. At that time, the three-mile-long abduction street was lined with shops and merchants, merchants were weaving, silk merchants in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and leather merchants in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, drove mules, horses and camels to trade here, forming a prosperous situation of "sunrise and opening the market, every single has a set", which was one of the eight towns in Wu'an during the Republic of China. Time has passed, and the remnants of ancient shops and businesses are still faintly visible.
According to Shen Haishun, the ancestors of the Han family immigrated here from Hongdong County, Shanxi in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and by the time of jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, they were already a thriving family in their own villages, and by the time of Han Jincheng's grandfather's generation, there were nearly 100 acres of land and three business names, namely Hanjiashan Goods Store, Oil Pressing Workshop, and Hanjia Inn. By the time of Han Jincheng, there were also grain stores, medicine shops, dye shops, taverns and restaurants. In the process of running the inn, there are often shanxi to the south to sell silk, tea merchants rest in the Han family inn, of which the Shanxi Lingshi Wang surnamed big merchants must stay in the Han family inn when they come and go, Han Jincheng always warmly entertains him every time, and he becomes a good friend with Han Jincheng (later, the Wang family opened a spoke Xuan pawnshop in Hu Village, not far from Bate). Wang surname merchants are familiar with Han Jincheng's simplicity and kindness, and have a keen business vision, proposed to let Han Jincheng go out with him around, Wang surnamed merchants gu dao hot sausage invitation, Han Jincheng carried his bags and crossed Zhengzhou with him, to Bieliang (now Kaifeng), and then to Suzhou, Hangzhou and other places, all the way down, Han Jincheng opened his eyes, felt that he was trading in the business name of Bate, compared with the business of these big merchants, it is simply "nine cattle and a dime". After returning, after careful consideration, it was decided to open two businesses in Zhengzhou, "Han Ji Inn" and "Yongxing Silk Silk Village", with strong financial guarantees, unique business vision, coupled with honest and flexible business methods, within three years, the Han family's business name showed its prominence in Zhengzhou, and then opened a semicolon in Bieliang, Suzhou and other places, and in a few years, together with the land and business in the village, made countless money for the Han family, becoming the most prominent family in Wu'an County.
Source: Microscopic Peaks