In 1962, the "Ita Incident" occurred in Xinjiang that shocked the world, and Margov and Zunong, two generals who had won the rank of founding major general, had been rebelled by hostile forces, and the two led more than 61,000 Chinese citizens with Soviet overseas Chinese cards in the name of investigation in Xinjiang to flee to the territory of the Soviet Union and start a new life in the Soviet Union.
These fugitives entered the territory of the Soviet Union through the Khorgos border port and the Baktu border port in Ili, Tacheng and other areas, and they drove their herds, carried large and small luggage, and emptied almost all their property, and did not intend to return again.
This large-scale defection of citizens has made Xinjiang, which is already vast and sparsely populated, even more demographic, with only a few hundred people left in some counties, which has had a serious impact on the economic situation in Xinjiang's grassland areas and greatly damaged the mainland's international image.
Most of these defectors live in the Ili steppe, the Altai steppe and other regions, mainly engaged in animal husbandry production activities, a large proportion of them are ethnic minorities, and in the long history, they have cultural, economic and even blood ties with the inhabitants of the Soviet Union.
In 1962, there was already a deep rift in Sino-Soviet relations, and in order to prevent the situation from further escalating and to protect the personal safety and property safety of these defectors, the central authorities issued an order to the border guards to prohibit shooting and to prohibit clashes with the people.
If there are one or two people or more than a dozen people defecting, then the reason must be mainly in the individual, followed by other factors such as the state and policy.
In World War II, the Soviet Union paid the price of 30 million sacrifices, and won the Soviet-German war with the joint efforts of the United States, Britain and other allies. What a huge loss of the youth population of the USSR.
In order to make life appear in the vast territory and fill the huge gap in the young labor force, the Soviet Union, on the one hand, held high the banner of socialism and attracted immigrants with good living conditions and a fair social environment, and on the other hand, it coerced and induced ethnic Russians and Belarusians scattered all over the world to return to their homeland, and even used some extreme means to "get" the population from neighboring countries.
In order to enrich the population of Central Asia and expand its power in Central Asia, the Soviet Union set its sights on the Xinjiang region of the mainland, which the previous Russian regime had coveted countless times.
During the Sino-Soviet friendship period when New China had just been founded, the Soviet Union had already infiltrated Xinjiang behind the scenes, and in the normal trade between China and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union often provided low-priced goods into the mainland with ulterior motives, in an attempt to make the people in Xinjiang economically dependent on the goods provided by the Soviet Union.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union provided a lot of help to the construction of the mainland, in addition to some large-scale industrial projects, the teaching materials of the mainland's educational undertakings, the works of cultural undertakings, etc., were also provided by the Soviet Union a considerable part, due to the lack of talents on the mainland, especially the talents who can translate Russian, so many educational textbooks and cultural works provided by the Soviet Union were translated into Russian by the Soviet side, and these textbooks contained many hidden details and views, confusing people's sight. In particular, ethnic minority compatriots in Xinjiang have accepted many erroneous concepts.
In addition to silently infiltrating, the Soviet Union also deliberately carried out special propaganda work for the people of Xinjiang, and through an organization called the Association of Overseas Chinese in the Soviet Union, it publicized the superior living conditions of the Soviet Union, smeared the economic construction of the mainland, created a contrast between the good and the bad, and created many false impressions for the people of Xinjiang.
Because of the subtle influence of propaganda and infiltration, the Soviet Union eagerly resorted to extreme means, namely, sending agents and plotting against our personnel.
During the period of Sino-Soviet friendship, our side often sent generals to study in the Soviet Union, and would also send students to study in the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union sent our generals to the opportunity to study in Moscow, to test our generals, and to rebel against those who were not firm-willed.
Zunong, a native of Xinjiang Uyghur, joined the Xinjiang Nationalities Army during the 1944 revolutions in the Ili, Tacheng and Altay regions, and became the deputy commander of the Xinjiang Nationalities Army after the Yining Uprising, and was one of the leaders of our party's military forces in Xinjiang.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Xinjiang National Army was reorganized into the Fifth Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Zunong also became the deputy commander-in-chief of the military region and joined the Communist Party of China, receiving the rank of major general in 1955, and has been serving as the deputy chief of staff of the Xinjiang Military Region Command of the People's Liberation Army since then.
Markov is a Kazakh ethnic group in Xinjiang, like Zunong, he also participated in the revolution in the three regions of Ili, Tacheng and Altai in Xinjiang, and joined the Xinjiang National Army, Margov was also a hot-blooded man when he was young, and was arrested and imprisoned for resisting reactionary rule, and after being released from prison, he organized guerrilla troops to continue to resist, and was awarded the rank of major general in 1955, serving as the deputy chief of staff of the Xinjiang Military Region of the People's Liberation Army.
The two have always thought about the dream of going to the Soviet Union to seek a better life, not only do they want to go to the Soviet Union, but they also want to bring more herders with them, probably to complete the tasks assigned by the Soviet Union.
After plotting against our generals, the well-known Soviet intelligence agency "KGB" sent agents disguised as civilians to infiltrate China's Xinjiang areas and get along with the common people, and these agents began to propagate the Soviet ideology and high quality of life, and guided the pro-Soviet enthusiasm of the local people.
In 1956, a local official planned to take 280 herdsmen to the Soviet Union, and some planned to take 462 families, all in order to get the promised remuneration of the Soviet personnel, so that the success and failure of the immigrants continued until 1962, when the defection led by the two generals Zunon and Margov became the largest.
In the early summer of 1962, the defector army instigated by Zunon and Margov drove the herd and took their possessions to the Sino-Soviet border port, and defected to the Soviet Union under the watchful eye of the border guards, and 40,000 people defected in the Tacheng area alone, leaving an empty county town and a large number of pastures and farmland abandoned.
After the defectors left Xinjiang, the mainland's Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps took over the abandoned pastures and farms left by the defectors and began production work.
As the saying goes, in 30 years in Hedong and 30 years in Hexi, the fate of the country is also like the fate of people, with ups and downs. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, the successor completely let go of the previous price adjustment and market control policies, the country's economic interests were quickly controlled by the oligarchs, and even the gangster forces at that time also completed the transformation from black to white, and became the new oligarchs, leaving countless people who were looted, and today's Russia, the economic aggregate is even less than that of a Guangdong province on the mainland.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries were established in Central Asia, and most of the defectors stayed in Central Asia, and after losing the subsidies provided by the Soviet Central Committee, these regions quickly fell from being part of the superpower to developing countries, among which Uzbekistan still has a curfew policy today, and a large number of people do not have access to the Internet.
At that time, the traitor also sent a letter to the Party Central Committee, thinking that the two people who had great scenery in Zunon and Margov did not get the ending they wanted, and the Soviet Union left them idle after squeezing out the value of the two, and would not trust these two people who had betrayed the country at all.
Zunon did not survive to the day of the collapse of the Soviet Union, and settled in Almaty in his later years, without enjoying the high quality of living conditions he had imagined, and Markov moved to Turkey, not only did not live a good life, but the economic situation was very bad.
On the other hand, today's Xinjiang has become a pearl on the vast territory of the mainland, and the lives of the people of Xinjiang are getting better and better, with the completion of the comprehensive well-off construction in 2020, all the poor people have been lifted out of poverty, and the total economic output is several times that of several countries in Central Asia.
In 1992, a year after the collapse of the Soviet Union, tens of thousands of former Soviet nationals held mainland flags at the Khorgos port, saying that they were Chinese and wanted to return to their motherland, but what they did not know was that today's Chinese nationality has become one of the most difficult nationalities in the world to obtain.