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How difficult was it for the Red Army to cross the meadow in those years?
At first, they could still eat barley wheat fried noodles, although they were difficult to chew and indigest, but they were always called food, but later, when the dry food ran out, the soldiers began to eat grass roots, tree bark, wild vegetables, and even belts.
Many soldiers did not fall on the battlefield, but lost their lives due to hunger and cold, lack of medical treatment.
In September 1935, taking advantage of the fact that the Red Army soldiers had just experienced extreme hunger and cold, and their physical functions had not yet recovered, they ordered Zhuoni Tusi Yang Jiqing to intercept and block the Red Army.
Yang Jiqing opened the granaries for the Red Army and found doctors for the wounded soldiers.
Why did he take such a big risk to help the Red Army? What is special about Yang Jiqing's identity?
1. The reason for the "crossing of the meadow" of the Red Army
In October 1934, due to the erroneous leadership of Wang Ming's "leftist" adventurism, he rashly engaged the Kuomintang army head-on, resulting in serious losses in the main force of the Red Army, and the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, and the Red Army was forced to start the Long March.
It is worth mentioning that Wang Ming was actually a relatively early member of the Communist Party of China, and even went to the Soviet Union to study, but he was keen on fighting for power and profit, colluding with the representative of the Comintern, Mif, to crack down on dissidents and undermine the unity of the party.
He later fled to the Soviet Union to settle down, and wrote articles on many occasions to maliciously spread rumors about the Chinese Communist Party.
In August 1935, the Red Army crossed the snow-capped mountains and finally came to the most thrilling and arduous part of the journey, crossing the meadows.
Beginning at the end of August, the Central Red Army officially entered the Aba grassland in Sichuan, and the "grassland" they were about to pass through was the Songpan grassland, known as the "Sea of Death."
In fact, according to Chiang Kai-shek's prediction, it was impossible for the Red Army to choose to cross the grassland, and the Red Army had already suffered heavy losses by crossing the snow-capped mountains before, and he did not think that the Red Army would have enough perseverance to continue to cross the grassland.
In Chiang Kai-shek's view, the Red Army's roads were basically blocked now, and he only needed to send troops to ambush them, and he could catch them all.
As early as April 1935, the Red Army formulated a "Songpan Campaign Plan", in which the Red Army of the 1st and 4th Fronts advanced to the Songpan area in three directions.
Among them, the Left Route Army detoured back to the two road junctions north of Songpan and was responsible for launching a roundabout attack, while the Middle Route Army directly attacked Songpan and directly entered southern Gansu after passing through Songpan, and the Right Route Army converged with the first two routes from Luhua and Maoergai to jointly attack Songpan.
But when he was about to proceed as planned, Zhang Guotao, who led the Left Route Army to Songpan, had a crooked mind, he did not choose to follow the original plan to prepare for a roundabout attack, but in order to preserve his strength, he ordered the Red Fourth Front Army to stand by.
The plan could not be carried out smoothly, but Xue Yue and other Kuomintang generals had already come back in time, and from the route arranged by the Red Army, he realized that Songpan was an important location, and then sent heavy troops to surround Songpan, ready to fight the Red Army at any time.
After all, the roundabout troops had already been discovered, and if the Red Army still attacked the Songpan area as originally planned, it would inevitably have a head-on conflict with the Kuomintang army, but past experience proved the disadvantage of frontal combat, and now the only way is to take a new line, and this road, the Kuomintang cannot fight and dare not fight.
This road was from the Songpan Grassland in the northwest corner of the Sichuan Basin, which was inaccessible and sparsely populated, and it was impossible for the Kuomintang troops to risk fighting here, let alone think that the desperate Red Army would really choose to go north from here.
According to the old Red Army who had participated in the grassland, the "three fears" of the grassland were summarized at that time, so that the soldiers could avoid some dangers and emergencies to the greatest extent.
The first "fear" is to be afraid of the mud and swamp, because the grass is dense with water and grass, and many of the mud and swamp hidden under the water and grass are difficult to find, and you need to be careful at all times.
The second "fear" is the fear of rain, after the rain, the swamp area in the meadow will increase, maybe the front troops have made a mark, and the back troops have already rained when they arrive, and because the mark does not pay careful attention to other places, it is easy to fall into the swamp.
The third "fear" is to be afraid of crossing the river, after the rain, there will be a lot of rivers in the grassland, some are deep and some are shallow, and some even hide in the mud, which is very dangerous.
Although the soldiers are always cautious, but under the pressure of hunger and cold, in fact, many times it is impossible for the soldiers to pay attention to safety wholeheartedly, and even sometimes, they dare not stop when they are sick, and sometimes, the comrades around them may fall in a blink of an eye.
According to the memories of the old Red Army, some soldiers just lay down and rested for a while and then stopped breathing, and some soldiers fell into the swamp because they were too tired, and even if their comrades found out in time, he was unable to grasp the rope thrown over, and finally had to sink.
In the process of crossing the meadow, the Red Army did not engage the Kuomintang army, but lost more than 20,000 soldiers due to disease, hunger, cold, and various reasons, and when they finally crossed the meadow, they faced new dangers.
2. Yang Jiqing, a righteous Zhuoni Toast
Born in 1889, Yang Jiqing is the 19th generation of Tusi of Zhuoni, although he was born in the late Qing Dynasty, his thinking is exceptionally advanced.
Zhuoni was a region on the Sino-Tibetan border, and at that time Zhuoni Tusi had jurisdiction over an area of about 35,000 square kilometers, including some parts of Sichuan.
Generally speaking, the position of Tusi is inherited by the eldest son of the previous generation of Tusi, and the eldest son will also be inherited by other sons if he has problems, but it is a bit special in Yang Jiqing's generation, because Yang Jiqing is not the son of the 18th generation Tusi Yang Zuolin, but his nephew.
Because Yang Zuolin did not have a son, but before he died, he had to find someone in the clan to inherit the position of Tusi, and the smart and capable Yang Jiqing became the best candidate.
After taking office, Yang Jiqing did not live up to Yang Zuolin's trust, he has never left Zhuoni for many years, but set up a business bank in Shanghai, Tianjin and other places, while exploring the latest news at home and abroad, while contacting new things, he is also proficient in Chinese and Tibetan, and is very identified with Chinese culture.
In addition, he also set up a telephone and assembled a 500-watt generator in Jonny, which shows that he is not a traditional stubborn toast.
After the Nationalist government took power, Yang Jiqing became the commander of security appointed by the Gansu provincial government, although he did not agree with the style of the Kuomintang, but out of the protection of the people in the area under his jurisdiction and the maintenance of peace in the Zhuoni area, he did not conflict with the Kuomintang, and was relatively obedient on the surface.
When the Red Army crossed the grassland and entered the border of Gansu, the Minxian, Lazikou, Xigu and other places under the jurisdiction of Yang Jiqing became the only way for the Red Army, and both sides realized that as long as Yang Jiqing had the intention to block and besiege and consume a lot of physical strength in the grassland, the Red Army, which was already hungry at the moment, was not his opponent at all.
So, Chiang Kai-shek decisively ordered Yang Jiqing to cooperate with the Gansu warlord Lu Dachang to intercept the Red Army, and after learning the news, the Red Army resting in place also became wary of the possible imminent Yang Jiqing.
Yang Jiqing, who was very familiar with the grievances and past of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, was actually unwilling to take action against the Red Army, but he could not start a head-on conflict with the Kuomintang.
He ordered Yang Jinghua, the barn officer of Cui Barn under his command, to secretly open the barn and transfer the guards on duty nearby, leaving enough time for the Red Army to remove the 400,000 catties of grain and 2,000 catties of salt in the warehouse.
The Central Red Army, which had been resupplied, finally got a real rest, and Lin Boqu led his troops to leave an IOU in the granary before leaving, promising to return it in the future.
Later, in August 1936, the Red Second Front Army and the Red Fourth Front Army arrived here along the road opened by the Central Red Army, and Yang Jiqing provided them with more than 300,000 loads of grain in the same way.
3. The red spirit passed down from generation to generation
It was also because of Yang Jiqing's help that in the later Battle of Lazikou, the Red Army defeated the enemy in full state and successfully passed through Lazikou.
However, Yang Jiqing's behavior soon attracted the attention of Lu Dachang after the defeat, and he believed that Yang Jiqing's failure to obey the order to contain the Red Army was the root cause of the defeat, so he reported Yang Jiqing to the Gansu Provincial Government on the charge of "fornicating with the Red Army".
Yang Jiqing was well aware of the corruption and greed of the Kuomintang officials, and he bribed and curry favor with the officials who came to investigate, but Lu Dachang did not succeed after all.
But less than a year later, Lu Dachang quietly rebelled against one of Yang Jiqing's subordinates, Ji Congzhou, and the two joined forces to brutally kill all five members of Yang Jiqing's family.
The essential reason why Lu Dachang did this was actually because he wanted to monopolize Zhuoni under Yang Jiqing's rule, but Yang Jiqing had been in power for many years, protected the local people very well, and accumulated a high reputation.
Lu Dachang deliberately killed Yang Jiqing's family, which caused the dissatisfaction of the Tibetans, who rose up to resist, launched an uprising, and killed Ji Congzhou, who betrayed Yang Jiqing, to avenge Yang Jiqing, and faintly threatened the Gansu Provincial Government.
In order to quell the uprising and appease the people, the Nationalist Government let Yang Fuxing, the second son of Yang Jiqing, take over the position of Tusi and appointed him as the commander of the security, so that the Tibetans did not continue.
During the Liberation War in 1949, Yang Fuxing led the Zhuoni people to revolt, and Zhuoni, Lintan, Minxian and other places were liberated, and Yang Fuxing also became the commander of the Zhuoni militia headquarters and the county magistrate of Zhuoni County.
Although there is no longer Zhuoni Toast, the spirit of Yang Jiqing and his descendants will always remain in people's hearts.
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