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Three principals, three destinies: Yang Yinyu, a misread female principal of the Republic of China?
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New Year's Day in 1938 was supposed to be a day of family reunion and welcoming the New Year, but on a small bridge in Suzhou, a chilling tragedy was staged, a woman over half a hundred years old, struggling in the icy river, desperately trying to grasp the last straw, but she was greeted by a few cold gunshots, this woman is the first female university president in Chinese history - Yang Yinyu
Her death, at that time, may have been just a small wave, and was soon drowned in the torrent of the times, this woman who devoted her life to the cause of education, but because of the polemic with Lu Xun and the various turmoil during the Women's Normal University, she was labeled as a "feudal patriarch" and "reactionary", and she has always been a controversial figure on the stage of history
So, what kind of person is Yang Yinyu? What unknown ups and downs and twists and turns has she experienced in her life?
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1. From feudal arranged marriages to new women in pursuit of freedom
In 1884, Yang Yinyu was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, a scholarly family, received a good education since childhood, fate always seems to like to joke with people, in that era of deep-rooted feudal ideas, even if it is a woman from a famous family, can not escape the fate of arranged marriage, at the age of 17, Yang Yinyu was forced to marry a so-called "child of the family", on the wedding night, she found out that her husband turned out to be an intellectually defective "stupid young master"
This marriage, for Yang Yinyu, is undoubtedly a nightmare, she can't bear such a life, let alone accept her fate is arranged like this, she resolutely chose to resist, and finally successfully divorced, in that era, a woman dared to challenge feudal etiquette, the pursuit of marriage freedom, how much courage and determination it takes to pay, can be imagined
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After the divorce, Yang Yinyu was not depressed, but strengthened her belief in pursuing independence and realizing self-worth, she devoted all her energy to study, and in 1908, she was admitted to Tokyo Higher Normal School in Japan, becoming the first batch of Chinese female students to study in Japan
In Japan, Yang Yinyu eagerly learned advanced educational concepts and cultural knowledge, she knew that education is the key to changing destiny, but also the hope of the country's prosperity, after returning from studying abroad, she has taught in girls' schools in Beijing, Nanjing and other places, and integrated the advanced educational concepts she learned abroad into her own teaching practice, making important contributions to the development of women's education in China
2. The Great Trend of Female Teachers: Is It a Dispute of Ideas or a Tragedy of the Times?
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In 1924, Yang Yinyu ushered in the highlight of her life, she was appointed as the president of the National Beijing Women's Normal University, becoming the first female university president in Chinese history, this news caused a huge sensation in the society at that time, and also pinned the hopes of countless people on women's education
At that time, after the "May Fourth Movement", the student movement was surging, and various new ideas and new trends of thought continued to impact the traditional education system, and Yang Yinyu, as an educator who had received Western education and had rich teaching experience, naturally hoped to reform the Women's Normal University and establish a more modern and scientific management system
In 1925, the famous "Yang Movement" took place at the Women's Normal University, which caused several students to be expelled from the university for failing to register on time, which sparked discontent among the students, which turned into a huge protest
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This turmoil ended with Yang Yinyu being forced to resign, and there are still different interpretations of the cause and responsibility of this turmoil
Some argue that Yang's philosophy of school governance was too harsh and lacked understanding and tolerance for students, which ultimately led to the intensification of conflicts, and her advocacy that students should focus on their studies and oppose students' excessive participation in social activities, which conflicted with the enthusiasm of students to actively participate in social movements at the time
Others believe that Yang Yinyu is a reformer with advanced educational concepts, and she hopes to build the Women's Normal University into a high-level women's university, but her reform has been obstructed and sabotaged by vested interests, and some of the reform measures she has promoted, such as rectifying the school spirit and improving the quality of teaching, have violated the interests of some people, so they have opposed and attacked her
The picture comes from the Internet
At that time, the social environment was also very unfavorable to Yang Yinyu's situation, the warlord melee and political turmoil made the education funds seriously insufficient, and the school management was chaotic, and Yang Yinyu, as the principal, was sandwiched between the students, the government, and all parties in society, under great pressure, and finally became a victim of this turmoil
In any case, the trend of female teachers has become an important turning point in Yang Yinyu's life, and after leaving the female teacher university, she returned to her hometown of Suzhou to continue her education work
3. The righteousness in the flames of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is awe-inspiring
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In 1937, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out, and Suzhou was also reduced to a Japanese occupation area
During the Japanese occupation of Suzhou, Yang Yinyu resolutely opened a school to accommodate female students displaced by the war, and used her connections to protect them from the Japanese army
According to Yang Yinyu's students, at that time, the Japanese army often came to the school to harass and even tried to rape the female students, and after Yang Yinyu learned about it, regardless of her personal safety, she repeatedly negotiated with the Japanese soldiers, sternly refused their unreasonable demands, and tried every means to protect the safety of the students
The picture comes from the Internet
On New Year's Day in 1938, the Japanese army arrested Yang Yinyu on the charge of "collaborating with the enemy", and brutally killed under the Suzhou Bridge
4. The misunderstood female principal of the Republic of China: When will the dust of history be brushed away?
Yang Yinyu's life is full of legends and controversies, she is an outstanding educator who has made important contributions to the development of women's education in China; She is a brave woman who dares to break through the shackles of feudal etiquette and pursue freedom and equality; She is also a great patriot, who stood up and defended the dignity of the nation with her life at a time when the nation was in danger
Due to various reasons, Yang Yinyu's image is often distorted and misunderstood in the evaluation of later generations, especially in Lu Xun's articles, she is portrayed as a "feudal patriarch" and "reactionary", which makes many people's impression of her stay in a negative evaluation
History is complex, and the characters are also multifaceted, and we cannot simply use "good" or "bad" to evaluate a person, but should analyze and understand their behavior and choices in a specific historical context
Yang Yinyu's life is a life of pursuing truth and progress, but also a life full of ups and downs and tragedies
Today, when we re-examine Yang Yinyu's life, we should put aside those prejudices and misunderstandings, evaluate this outstanding woman with a more objective and fair attitude, and restore that magnificent history
Perhaps, as Yang Yinyu's niece, the famous writer Mr. Yang Jiang said: "She has been upright all her life, refusing to steal peace, refusing to bow her head, refusing to be dominated by others, she has suffered losses in her life, but she has suffered losses because she is too upright"
Yang Yinyu, the misread female principal of the Republic of China, her story is worth remembering forever
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