01
Fire protection design of various mechanical and electrical specialties
1. For each fireproof partition of each floor of multi-storey buildings and high-rise industrial buildings, when its ventilation and air conditioning systems are set independently, there is no fire damper at the junction of the horizontal air supply and return air ducts and the main pipe in the protected fireproof partition;
2. The battery can be used as the backup power supply for the fire accident lighting and evacuation indication signs, but the continuous power supply time should not be less than 20min;
3. Fire lighting should be set up in the following closed stairwells, smoke-proof stairwells and their front rooms, and fire elevator front rooms;
4. According to the regulations, the evacuation walkway of the closed stairwell or smoke-proof stairwell building shall be provided;
5. The minimum illumination of accident lighting for evacuation should not be less than 0.5 lx. The lighting branch line of the fire control room, the fire pump room and the self-provided generator room should be connected to the fire distribution line;
6. Scattered signs should be placed on the top of the Taiping Gate or on the wall below the height of 1m from the ground at the corner of the evacuation walkway, and the distance between the signs on the walkway should not be greater than 20m.
02
Automatic fire alarm and elimination control room
7. The alarm area is divided according to the fire prevention area, and an alarm area can be composed of several fire prevention zones;
8. The forms of automatic fire alarm system are: centralized alarm system: regional alarm system; Control alarm system (elimination control center), a regional alarm controller can alert multiple floors (see the function of the product) The installation position is 1.3-1.5 meters from the ground, and the alarm telephone installation position is 1.3-1.5 meters;
9. Underground shops with a construction area of more than 500m should be equipped with automatic fire alarm devices;
10. The fire resistance level of the independent fire control room shall not be lower than the second level. Adopt partition walls with fire resistance limits of not less than 3h and floor slabs of 2h respectively, and separate them from other parts and set up safety exits that go straight to the outside;
11. The following functions should be set up in the fire control room: receiving fire alarms, sending out fire sound and light signals, accident broadcasting and safety evacuation instructions, etc.: controlling fire pumps, fixed fire extinguishing devices, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electric fire doors, valves, fire shutters, smoke prevention and exhaust facilities. Display power supply, fire elevator operation, etc.;
12. The fire alarm button is installed 1.5 meters from the ground;
13. Reserve 100-200 mm length for the alarm line, tie it into a bundle, + red-blue line
14. There should be no joints and knots in the laying of alarm wires, and the wire joints should be connected with terminals or soldering in the junction box (no more than 2 wirings per terminal), and nuts should be added inside and outside the box. Lines with different voltages, currents, circuits, systems, and categories cannot be placed in the same slot;
15. The trunking is provided with hangers and brackets every 1.5 meters, and the hanging rod is not less than 6mm;
16. The fire power supply should be a special power supply, and plugging joints are not allowed;
17. The door of the control room is opened in the direction of evacuation, and the air duct is allowed to be sent back but a fire damper should be added. It is strictly forbidden to cross irrelevant electrical lines, and leave 1 meter channel and maintenance channel around the console;
18. The function of fire control: control the opening and closing of fire fighting equipment; Switches for fire pumps, smoke prevention and smoke exhaust fans; Close the fire damper and stop the air conditioner fan; Display the location of fire and fault alarms; evacuation routes, exits, etc.; display of conservation maps (mock-ups, floor plans); Display the status of the fire power supply; Equipped with fire alarm emergency broadcast control device;
19. The process of fire control state: when the fire alarm; fire alarm system alarm; Automatic fire extinguishing system activation; Indoor fire hydrant system activation (fire pump activation); The power supply is switched (non-fire power supply is cut off, and the emergency fire power supply is started), and the alarm device, emergency lighting device and evacuation indication lighting are turned on. The elevator made a forced landing on the first floor; , pressurized blower starts (tuyere opens), isolation system starts (fire shutter lowers); Fire doors are closed;
20. At least one manual fire alarm device is set up in each fire prevention partition, and the distance between the two manual fire alarm devices is not more than 30 meters, and the installation position is 1.3-1.5 meters.
03
Smoke prevention and exhaust system
21. Smoke-proof partitions shall be set up for Class I and II buildings (with a height of more than 50 meters) and buildings with a building height of more than 32 meters;
22. The smoke-proof partition is generally not more than 500 square meters and is not larger than the fireproof partition; It does not cross the fire partition, and the smoke prevention and exhaust system is generally set up in the corridor, flue-proof and exhaust shaft, and the fire resistance level is 1 hour;
23. Smoke prevention and smoke exhaust system of high-rise buildings. It is divided into mechanical pressurized air supply smoke prevention system and automatic smoke exhaust system (external windows can be opened); Automatic smoke exhaust system (openable exterior window) is divided into: mechanical smoke exhaust system and natural smoke exhaust system that can open exterior window;
24. The tower building shall be equipped with two evacuation smoke-proof staircases; And there is a front room, which is equipped with a mechanical pressurized air supply system. The stairwell is provided with a pressurized air supply outlet every 2-3 floors, and a pressurized air supply outlet is set on each floor of the front room;
25. Smoke-proof stairwell. The design air volume of the fire front room is 18,000-20,000. 28000-30000M3、H。 Segmentation calculations with more than 32 layers.
Mechanically pressurized air supply system
26. The mechanical pressurized air supply system is arranged in the front room, stairwell, shared front room, and front room of the fire elevator room; When the stairwell and the pressurized air supply system of the fire front room must be combined, an automatic differential pressure adjustment device should be installed; In addition to calculating the loss of the pressure head at the least force point, the rest of the pressure of the mechanical pressurized air supply system shall comply with the following requirements:
27. The smoke-proof stairwell is 50PA;
28. The front room, stairwell, shared front room, fire elevator front room, and refuge room are 25PA;
29. A pressurized air supply outlet is set up every 2-3 floors in the stairwell, and a pressurized air supply outlet is set up on each floor of the front room.
30. Wind speed regulations for mechanical pressurized air supply system and mechanical smoke exhaust system
1) Metal air duct is adopted, and the wind speed is not more than 20 m/s
2) The wind speed of concrete structure pipeline is not more than 15 m/s
3) The wind speed of the air supply outlet is not more than 7 m/s; The wind speed of the smoke exhaust outlet is not more than 10 m/s;
31. The setting of the smoke exhaust system: generally set up in the stairwell, the front room, the front room of the fire department, and the front room is shared. Refuge floor.
32. The air supply volume and exhaust air volume of the stairwell of the building with more than 32 floors should be calculated in sections
33. The stairwell of the shear building can be used for an air duct, and its air volume is calculated according to two stairwells, and the air outlet is set separately.
34. The pressurized air supply volume of the refuge floor shall not be less than 30 cubic meters per second according to the net area, and the refuge floor shall be equipped with fire elevator exits, emergency lighting, broadcasting, fire telephones, fire hydrants, and independent smoke-proof facilities, and smoke-proof stairs shall be divided.
04
Mechanical exhaust (smoke) system
35. Setting conditions of smoke exhaust system:
1) The building height is more than 32 meters,
2) Inner corridor more than 20 meters. It is also equipped with natural lighting and natural ventilation facilities
3) The area is more than 100 square meters
4) The ventilation and air conditioning system should be equipped with a smoke exhaust system
36. Installation position of smoke prevention system:
1) Bear a room with a clearance height of more than 6 meters for a smoke-proof partition, and each square meter shall not be less than 60 cubic meters
2) Bear a room with a smoke-proof partition clearance height greater than 6 meters, and each square meter shall not be less than 120 cubic meters
3) The smoke exhaust port is installed on the roof and ceiling; The exhaust smoke volume is not less than 60 cubic meters per second;
4) The horizontal distance of the smoke prevention port is not more than 30 meters, and the closing temperature of the smoke prevention valve is 280 °C
5) The smoke prevention and exhaust system of the corridor is set vertically, and the indoor one is set according to the fire partition
6) Mechanical smoke prevention and exhaust systems can be used in conjunction with ventilation and air conditioning systems, but reliable fire protection measures must be employed
7) Fire air duct is a safety and life-saving system in the building: It is mainly used in the life-saving guarantee system of smoke exhaust and positive pressure air supply during fire, which can generally be divided into different requirements levels such as 1h, 2h, 4h, etc.
37. Ventilation and air conditioning
1) The ventilation system should be set up, horizontally according to the fireproof partition, vertically every five layers (no more than 5 floors);
2) When the ventilation and air-conditioning system passes through the following conditions, install a fire damper 70 0C (through the fire partition wall, floor deformation joint, etc.).
05
Fire partitions
46. Class I building: 1000 square meters; Class II building: 1,500 square meters; Basement: 500 sq.m.;
47. When high-rise buildings and podiums have firewalls and good fire prevention measures, the maximum fire protection zone should not exceed 2,500 square meters;
48. High-rise buildings have escalators, upper and lower floor communication, upper and lower open passage stairs, etc., and the fire protection zone should be divided into fire protection zones according to the upper and lower connections, and the area is superimposed
49. The safety passage doors of each layer of fire partition should not be less than two, and the distance between the two safety doors should not be less than 5 meters. Generally at 24-40 meters, 10-20 meters in the circular corridor; The safety evacuation door is no more than 40 meters from any point in the room and no more than 15 meters from the indoor door to the indoor door.
50. The width of the fire escape corridor on the first floor is 1100-1200 mm; Door 900-1300 mm, door open outward. Outside the door 1. There should be no step 104 within 4 meters, and the fire resistance level of the fire shutter is generally 3 hours;
51. Buildings with 18 floors and below, with an area of no more than 650 square meters and no more than 8 households, shall be equipped with smoke-proof stairwells and fire elevators;
52. The configuration of fire elevators: less than 1500 square meters set up a fire elevator, more than 1500 less than 4500 square meters 2, 4500 square meters 3;
53. The fire elevator should be set up in different fire partitions; The front room of the fire elevator is not less than 6 square meters;
54. Buildings with more than 10 floors should be connected or recessed by the balconies in the unit.
06
Fire water supply and fire extinguishing equipment
55. The front room of the fire elevator is equipped with a fire hydrant;
56. The fire resistance level of the fire pump room is level 2. The thickness of the fire water tank floor is 15 cm, the partition wall is fire-resistant for 2 hours, and the Grade A fire door;
57. High-rise buildings of more than 100 meters shall be equipped with automatic sprinkler equipment. Fire Acceptance Specification.
07
Installation
58. When installing the line pipe, when the pipe length exceeds 45 meters, there should be a junction box;
59. When the pipeline passes through the fire pool and shear wall, the water casing should be added, the vibrating pipeline should be equipped with flexible joints, and the interface with the water tank should be welded, and the fire water tank should be reserved for 1 meter around the channel shall not be less than 0.7 meters, and the height of the ceiling shall not be less than 0.6 meters. The range of the pressure gauge is 2.5 times.
60. The composition of the fire pump combiner: interface, body, connector, check valve, safety valve, anti-aircraft valve, control valve are installed sequentially, and the installation height is 1.1 meters;
61. Pipes less than or equal to DN100 are welded; Pipes larger than DN100 are connected by clamps.
62. The distance between the pipeline installation and the floor slab, the crutch and the slab shall be increased by 40-200 mm according to the diameter of the pipeline
63. The installation distance between the pipe and the bracket is increased by 3.5-12 mm according to the diameter of the pipe.
64. The installation distance between the pipe support, hanger and the nozzle shall not be less than 300 mm, and the distance between the pipe support and the nozzle shall not be less than 750 mm.
65. When the pipeline passes through the deformation joint, flexible joints and short pipes are used. The short pipe shall not be less than the length of the wall or 50 mm out of the wall.
66. The distance between the vertical mounting bracket of the pipeline is 1.5-1.8 meters.
67. Check valves and pressure gauges should be installed at the outlet of the fire pump.
68. The height of the fire pneumatic device installed from the roof of the shed shall not be less than 1.0 meters
69. The installation sequence of the fire combiner, the interface, the body, the connecting pipe, the check valve, the safety valve, the air defense valve, the check valve,
70. The installation distance of the alarm valve group is 1.2 meters from the ground, and the connection between the hydraulic alarm bell and the alarm valve shall be made of new steel pipe, and the length shall not exceed 6 meters.
08
other
38. The fire resistance grade of the glass curtain should be fire-resistant for 1 hour;
39. Building deformation joints should be added with a fireproof protective layer;
40. The frameless glass curtain wall and the partition glass curtain wall should be fire-resistant for 1 hour, and there should be an 800mm high solid wall;
41. The oil storage in the generator room cannot exceed 8 hours;
42. The spacing of high-rise buildings is 13 meters, and the group of buildings is 6 meters;
43. The width of the fire lane shall not be less than 4 meters, the distance from the building shall not be less than 5 meters, and the height shall not exceed 4 meters;
44. The deformation joints and metal structures of the building should be covered with a fireproof protective layer;
45. The maximum allowable distance of the fire partition of the first and second class buildings is 150 meters, and the area is 2,500 square meters. 1. Cable wells, pipeline wells, exhaust wells, and smoke-proof wells should be separated from each layer.
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