At 11:23 on January 5, ushered in a small cold,
It marks the coldest day of the year.
"Little Cold Season" -
It is with the clouds of twilight, and the wind is fierce"
Author 丨 Song Yingjie
From "The Forbidden City Knows the Seasons: Twenty-Four Solar Terms • Seventy-Two Phenology"
Although the light snow and heavy snow festivals are named after the snow, the small cold is the coldest and snowiest festival.
In the cold season, sunshine and precipitation, both began to bottom out, and it was a strong rebound. The temperature continued to bottom out, and the wind became more manic.
The weather of Xiao Han, according to Tao Yuanming, is: "Miserable twilight wind, yì (yì, obscure) through the day snow."
Wind and snow are almost the norm. Even in the daytime, it is also dark, "jingfeng is always closed during the day", people can only hide in the house all day, "the world is absolutely inseparable", let themselves "closed", completely isolated from the world.
The poetic pastoral life of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence and leisurely seeing the South Mountain" is also a sometimes presupposition. The countryside in the middle of winter is no longer elegant, only miserable. It is often "three nine twenty-seven, the hedge blowing chestnut (bì lì, ancient musical instrument), four nine thirty-six, sleeping at night like an open sleep". The cold wind roared, and the fence made the sound of musical instruments. People huddle up in their houses as if they were sleeping on the streets on a winter night. With such a scene as brain supplementation, we can understand why the ancients were bitter and cold, why they counted nine, and counted the days looking forward to winter and spring.
In the past, northerners described the beauty of life as "wife and child hot kangtou", hiding in the house "cat winter", sitting on the kang "nagging", almost the winter routine of northeast people.
Small cold and big cold are the coldest seasons of the year, "small cold and big cold, frozen into ice balls". The two of them are the coldest, and that's no dispute. Which is colder than the little cold and the big cold festival?
As the name suggests, the ancients have used names to distinguish their sizes, with the big cold being the coldest and the small cold second.
But the proverb expresses people's life experience: "Small cold is better than big cold, common is not rare", feeling that small cold is often colder than big cold.
According to the observation data of modern meteorology, in most parts of the country and most years, it is still a small cold that is better, although it is called "small" cold.
The question is, since Xiao Han is colder than Big Han, why is it still called Xiao Han? Did the ancients make a mistake? There could be three possible reasons for this.
First, the ancients described the degree of cold, because without the precise quantification of temperature, there was no other way. Look left and right to see, whether the ice layer is thicker and harder, the so-called "ice square, water is strong". Freezing three feet is not a day's cold, "ground freezing" requires a gradual process from top to bottom, much slower than the drop in temperature.
We measure the cold according to the temperature, when the cold is the coldest, so the small cold is the coldest. The ancients measured the cold according to the thickness of the ice, and the ground was the strongest when it was cold, so it was the coldest.
Second, the ancients defined the degree of cold, which was also based on people's subjective feelings. When it is cold, although the weather is very cold, people's tolerance is acceptable, and they do not feel that it has been extremely cold. When it comes to the cold, even if the temperature does not become lower, people have been tortured by the cold and are tired, they may feel that the cold is colder. Therefore, in the eyes of the ancients, the cold of the great cold is more important to the cumulative effect.
Third, the ancients believed in the concept of "the opposite of things", as long as the summer begins to cool, it is autumn; as long as the winter begins to warm up, it is spring. Two extreme seasons, the peak is always at the end. Summer is from small summer to large summer, and winter is from small cold to large cold. Therefore, the last solar term of winter has gained the name of great cold, and the coldest festival can only be condescendingly called small cold.
Therefore, judging who is more cold is not necessarily a fallacy of the ancients, but mainly to measure the difference in the ancient and modern perspectives of cold.
In addition, there may be another reason, that is, in the pre-Qin period when the twenty-four solar terms began to sprout and were founded, the Central Plains may indeed be colder than the small cold. Of course, this is just a speculation that lacks historical basis and justifies the ancients.
To sum up, the coldest solar term is the little cold!
Xiao Han waited for "Yanbei Township", "Township" is the meaning of the trend, perhaps just ahead of the perception of seasonal changes of the geese, began to think of their own northern summer land, is the cold time of the "although can not arrive, the heart yearns for it" .
In the second season, the magpie nests in the cold season and prepares to incubate offspring. The Ming Dynasty's "Complete Book of Agricultural Politics" records, "The magpie's nest is low, the main water; high, the main drought." As the saying goes, if you know the water, then the cloud: in the end, I will not kill, and the intention will be lower. If the drought is foreseen, then the cloud: in the end, it will not be killed, and the higher it is deliberately. "The translation is that if the magpie has a premonition that this year may be waterlogged, he deliberately builds the nest low, and says in his heart: Can you still drown me? If it has a premonition of drought this year, it deliberately builds its nest high and says in its heart: Can you still sunburn me? This description gives the impression that magpies are animals that are both spiritual and individual.
The three "geese chicks (gòu)" are the only "bird language" throughout the winter. The ancients believed that pheasants sounded when they felt the germination of yang qi. Cold and cloudy, will spring be far away?
Song Yingjie interestingly explained the story of Xiao Han's three waitings
Xiao Han Yin Bitter Cold
This scene should only be in heaven, this poem has no snow and no god, and this sentiment can be remembered.
Night Snow Tang Bai Juyi
The pillow was cold, and the window was clear again.
At night, I know that the snow is heavy, and I hear the sound of bamboo folding.
Nanxiangzi Winter Night Song HuangSheng
Ten thousand silent, iron edges nearly five more. The incense lamp is dim and unsteady, miserable. Only frost with the moon.
It should be a cold night, and the plum blossoms can't sleep. I read the plum blossom and read me, caring. Look up at the ice full of jade bottles.
Sauvignon Blanc Mountain Cheng Cheng Qing Naranjande
A journey to the mountains, a journey to the water, to the yuguan that side of the line, late at night a thousand tent lights.
The wind is more, the snow is more, and the dream of the hometown is not successful, and there is no such sound in the garden.
Hope Mei Song Anonymous
In the cold season, it is the same as the clouds and the twilight, and the strong wind is fierce. Letter morning plum, partial Zhan Yanghe, warm to the sun Near the stream, a branch first. From time to time, there is incense coming, looking bright, Yao branches are not snow. Think of the delicate and tender, about horizontal oblique, beautiful and clear. Xianzi is more juxtaposed. There is a faint fragrance reflecting the water, and the shadow cage moon. And everyone, stay on the dry, to the green sauce (xǔ, fine wine) flying, brocade chanting. Peach and plum are prosperous, Naibi this, fragrant and different. Waiting for the soup to be of great use, Hugh folded the green strip.
Xiao Han dialect folklore
The wind and snow moon are the scenery, and three meals a day become poems.
Step on the snow in search of plums
At 11:23 a.m. on January 5, the Little Cold Festival, the twenty-third of the twenty-four solar terms and the fifth of winter' solar terms, ushered in the Little Cold Festival. Cold winter plums, residual snow golden sun, into a strange scene in winter. The opening of this flower may be to give the people who live in the house a reason to leave. In the small cold season, the folk have many customs of appreciating plums, which are pleasing to the eye and elegant.
Irori to relieve hunger
In Xiaohan, some places in Jiangsu will cook vegetables and eat. The tradition in some places in Guangdong is to eat sticky rice in the morning. "Little cold" is the best time to supplement, you should eat more cold foods, such as dates, radishes, oranges, beef, chicken and so on. When it is cold, the family sits around together, brews a pot of good tea, stews a table of warm food, and talks and laughs around the stove.
Winter Practice 39
This week, there will be two cold air "relay" affecting our country, of which the cold air from January 6 to 8 is stronger, and the temperature in most of the central and eastern regions will turn significantly lower. The elderly and infirm people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay special attention to cold protection and warmth. Usually, it is also necessary to exercise appropriately, maintain an optimistic and smooth mood, calm the mind and worry less, and be happy in body and mind, so that you can laugh and be proud of the long winter.
Illustration 丨Visive China Web
Some people say,
The meaning of the existence of cold,
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In the cold, the coldest season,
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