The "sublime beauty" expressed in the Chinese language explores the subtleties
Author丨Zhang Zhizhen
I once heard the elders tell a story, a calligraphy lover from Wang Xizhi imitated Mi Fu, and then to Dong Qichang, but unfortunately it is not like, even dreams are practicing pen power, practicing glyphs, accidentally scratched on the belly of the wife, the wife yelled: "What for?" "Wake up her husband. The husband told him that he was distressed, and his wife, who had seen the world, laughed and said, "You practice your words, and draw them on your belly as much as possible. Go to bed! "A sentence wakes up the person in the dream, and the husband suddenly realizes the Tao in it, isn't it the same with writing? Everyone has their own body, why should they learn from others? Wang Xizhi is Wang Xizhi's body, Dong Qichang is Dong Qichang's body, there are no two absolutely identical leaves in the world, why can't I create my own book style? This man eventually became a master of calligraphy. Since I was still young, I couldn't remember who the calligrapher was.
Originally, turnip greens, each has its own love. In other words, the study of "language", as a humanities discipline, has its own system, but in terms of the composition of the text, it is nothing more than the selection of writers from all walks of life, even if it is "the Qinhuai River in the sound of oars and lights", what Zhu Ziqing and Yu Pingbo wrote is different, it is often manifested as a personalized expression, the public says that the public is reasonable, and the mother-in-law says that the mother-in-law is reasonable, as long as it can justify itself and get everyone's approval, that is the truth. Estheticians say that "ugliness to the extreme is also a kind of beauty".
The ultimate goal of language learning is to pursue "sublime beauty" and realize one's own value with one's own will. So what is sublime beauty? How?
First of all, there is the modal beauty of language. Chinese characters themselves are the most beautiful modality, since ancient times, as ideograms of Chinese characters, itself is a description of life, from the oracle bone inscription to the current italics, nothing more than from the pictographs, the extension of the development of the words, etc., people may not be able to read the sound, but most of them can guess the meaning, of course, this is from the perspective of words, words to examine, if extended to the expression of words, sentences, that is, the choice of words to make sentences, the layout of the article, the same can be from its position, structure, to achieve the expression of thinking, the wonderful realm of words and sentences, Through the literal, you can understand the subtext in it, so as to make a knowing smile. Wang Guowei's "realm of self" and "realm of no self" explained in "Words of the World" express the modal beauty of language, which must be infectious.
The second is the phonological beauty of the language. Starting from the "Book of Songs", rhyme is the basic form of language, whenever the expression of language is written from the content, it turns to the innovative pursuit of form, from the pun style to the Yuan "Xiaoling", Song Ci, and then to the current free-form poetry, whenever its text reaches the form of beauty, it must be harmonious and catchy, just as the sentence that evaluates Li Bai "embroidered mouth is half of the Tang Dynasty" (Yu Guang Chinese). Language is rhythmic, the height, length, strength and weakness of the sound have their own rhythm, and the modulation and frustration of the Chinese tone gives the syllables a beautiful melody, and the reading will produce a beautiful feeling.
Prosody is an important part of Chinese art. Qi Gong said in the "Treatise on the Sound and Rhythm of Poetry and Literature": "Therefore, if you want to talk about the composition of the Chinese language, you must first talk about the Chinese characters, and you must first talk about the tone of the Chinese characters. Chinese poems that are tall and short, subdued and raised are musical, and the musicality of the poems comes from the musicality of Chinese words." At the same time, he also said: "There are also problems with the suppression of each section in prose sentences, and there are also problems with the arrangement of sentence structure and footing. It's just that the literal duality, the length of the sentence structure, and the arrangement of the sentences are not so strictly mechanical. "The musical beauty of the Chinese language is the blood of our culture.
The third is the refinement and beauty of language. The language of the Chinese is very general, and there are multiple forms of interpretation, using various rhetorical devices. The Chinese language is one of the official languages of the United Nations, and it is said that its texts are the thinnest and most concise in Chinese. Zheng Banqiao said, "Delete the complicated and simplify the three autumn trees". It is also often said that "a leaf knows autumn". When it should be complicated, use its "slow pen", do its best to lay out, and never be verbose when it should be simple, and go straight to the main point in two words.
Lu Xun said, "After writing, read it at least three times, and delete the dispensable words, words, and sentences." The Russian critical realist writer Chekhov said, "The art of writing is, in fact, the art of how to remove the bad parts."
The so-called "one point is too long, one point is too short, the powder is too white, and Shi Zhu is too red". The Chinese expression in ancient and medieval times is so concise and concise, a "Tao Te Ching", only 3,000 words, but the rich connotation of it, even if today's university scholars and literary giants write a series of words, they still cannot perfectly reveal their meaning, the gossip in the "I Ching" comes from the two pictures of yin and yang, that is, two small fish in a circle, separated by an S-shaped curve, but the contrast of black and white summarizes all the logic of the world.
Chinese characters can be expressed as clear and pure, such as the description in the "Social Opera" in the young man's truth-telling story when watching the play, children cannot understand the characters in the play, cannot see the inner connection, and do not understand that the play is just a condensed chant of real life. The kid was anxious to "steal" his own edamame so that his companions would be envious and happy. How innocent, and how pure. Childlike fun comes to life.
and the minimalist literary expression in Mr. Zhou Xianshen's essay "Simple Writing and Traditional Writing", even reduced to only the ellipsis in the punctuation marks - "I see!" in "For the Memory of Forgetting". ...... "What else is incomprehensible?" The ancients said that "love is unbearable, put into flowing water, to be endless", and words have become redundant, its connotation, its emotions are enough for people to associate and taste, everyone knows it. Of course, there are also positive energy of thoughts and emotions, and the measurement of moral character.
In short, "sublime beauty" is the embodiment of the author's humanistic cultivation, expression skills, emotional expression, moral sentiments, etc., and the personalized expression has won everyone's recognition. Once the original pale text is integrated into the author's intellect, it also stimulates the reader's feelings, infects everyone, and is recognized, and only then can a great writer be established.
From the "Hooligans" in "The Book of Songs", to the "fake foreign devils" in "The True Story of Ah Q", and then to the current "Jin Kailai" in "Garland Under the Mountain", "Sun Shaoan" in "Ordinary World", not to mention "Zhen Shiyin" and "Jia Yucun" in "Dream of Red Mansions". As a result, all kinds of typical and wonderful literary works are splendid, philosophical works have in-depth interpretation and interpretation of human nature and social thinking, and even the text itself has become the art of calligraphy and painting, decorating the world with beautiful forms.
The learning of Chinese is always the ultimate interpretation of individuality. And the "sublime beauty" emerges by itself.