Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army (100) The Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance has completed its great and glorious historical mission

Quickly getting in touch with the party Central Committee has been the long-cherished wish of the Northeast Party Organization Committee and all the commanders and fighters of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army for many years, and it is also the most important task after the Anti-Japanese Federation counterattacked the northeast.

On the eve of the start of the counteroffensive, the Northeast Party Organization Committee entrusted Feng Zhongyun, who was in charge of the party and army work in the Shenyang area, to try to contact Guannai in the vicinity and strive to find the party Central Committee at an early date. On 10 September, Feng Zhongyun, who was serving as deputy commander of the Soviet garrison in Shenyang, sent a telegram to Zhou Baozhong in Changchun: "Zeng Kelin, the vanguard of Li Yunchang's division of the Jireliao Military Region, has led 3,000 men into Shenyang. "

The news made Zhou Baozhong excited. On the one hand, he ordered Wang Yizhi to quickly broadcast the news of the Eighth Route Army's exit through the Changchun People's Radio, and on the other hand, he asked Marshal Huasilevsky for help and asked to send a plane to send the representative to Yan'an. At that time, Marshal Vasilevsky was also about to get in touch with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the matter of the Eighth Route Army's exit from the customs, and he said happily: "We want to go together." Therefore, he ordered Malinovsky, commander of the Trans-Baikal Front stationed in the northeast, to prepare planes, first to pick up Feng Zhongyun, Zeng Kelin, and others in Shenyang, and then fly to Yan'an. He and Zhou Baozhong agreed to send Weisbev, a major officer of the 1st Battalion of the 88th Brigade, to fly to Yan'an on the same plane.

After the plane arrived in Shenyang, Wesbev got in touch with Zeng Kelin through Feng Zhongyun and conveyed to him the opinion of the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Far Eastern Army, Marshal Vasilevsky, and Zhou Baozhong. But at this time, Feng Zhongyun could not go to Yan'an because of something, so he wrote a letter to the Party Central Committee, reporting on the situation of the Anti-Japanese League returning to the northeast to cooperate with the Soviet army to occupy various strategic places, and "I hope that the Central Committee will send people as soon as possible."

On September 14, the plane in which Zeng Kelin and Soviet representative Wesbev took off from Shenyang Beiling Airport and arrived in Yan'an on the same day. On the 15th, Zeng Kelin handed over Feng Zhongyun's letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, reporting on the Northeast issue. After listening to Zeng Kelin's report, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee gained a deeper understanding and understanding of the actual situation in Northeast China. The party Central Committee attaches great importance to the important strategic position of northeast China, believing that as long as it can control northeast China and Rehe and Chahar provinces, and has the people of all liberated areas and the whole country to cooperate in the struggle, it can guarantee the victory of the Chinese people. In order to strengthen leadership over the work in the northeast region, the central authorities decided to set up the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee with Peng Zhen as its secretary and to send a large number of additional cadres and troops to the northeast. On September 18, Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Ye Jizhuang, and Wu Xiuquan arrived in Shenyang, and the Northeast Bureau began to work in Shenyang. Subsequently, more than 20 members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, members of the Central Committee, and alternate members of the Central Committee, including Zhang Wentian, Gao Gang, Lin Biao, Li Fuchun, Cai Chang, Lin Feng, Wang Jiaxiang, Xiao Jinguang, Lu Zhengcao, Xiao Hua, Luo Ronghuan, and Huang Kecheng, led a total of 20,000 cadres and 100,000 troops into the northeast to join up with the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army and launch a new great struggle.

At the same time, the Kuomintang regime also stepped up its conspiracy to forcibly occupy the northeast. Dating back to 1931, after the "September 18" incident, the Japanese imperialists forcibly occupied Northeast China, and the Kuomintang government pursued a policy of "non-resistance", which turned the great rivers and mountains of Northeast China into enemy possession, and 30 million compatriots in Northeast China were tragically ravaged and enslaved. It was the Communist Party of China that independently led the Northeast People's Volunteer Army and the Anti-Japanese Allied Army, which carried out a 14-year arduous anti-Japanese guerrilla war. After the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, it was the Anti-Japanese Allied Army, the Eighth Route Army, and the New Fourth Army led by our Party to carry out a counteroffensive, and cooperated with the Soviet Army to eliminate the Japanese Kwantung Army and liberate Northeast China. In the 14 years of anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare and the war to cooperate with the Soviet army to liberate the northeast, the central army of the Kuomintang government did not send a single soldier. They are guilty of losing the Northeast, recovering the Northeast is useless, and they have no right to take over the Northeast at all. However, on October 12, 1945, Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary ruling clique sent Xiong Shihui, director of the Northeast Camp, and a group of more than 40 "receiving officers" from Chongqing to Changchun. After arriving in Changchun, the Kuomintang "reception officers" put forward a series of demands to the Soviet army command to assist it in establishing the local power of the Kuomintang, to carry out "administrative reception," to assist it in transporting troops from the sea, land, and air to the northeast, and to carry out "military reception." Taking advantage of their special relationship with the Soviet Army, the commanders and fighters of the Anti-Japanese Union Forces waged the first round of struggle with the Kuomintang "receiving officers" together with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, which not only frustrated the Kuomintang regime's plan to receive them, but also dealt a head-on blow to the troops that landed at Huludao.

On September 20, 1945, Zhou Baozhong and Cui Yongjian arrived in Shenyang. Accompanied by Feng Zhongyun's assistant Liu Tieshi, they went to the location of the Northeast Bureau in Shenyang Da Nanmen Li (Zhang Zuolin's Grand Marshal's Mansion) to report to Peng Zhen and Chen Yun, responsible persons of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Cui Yongjian handed over all the relations of the Northeast Party Organization Committee, party fees, and archives to the Northeast Bureau.

The briefing lasted two days and two nights from the evening of 20 September to the early morning of 23 September. The main contents of the report are:

First, the arduous struggle of the anti-Japanese guerrilla movement in Northeast China can be roughly divided into five stages: the stage of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army; the stage of anti-Japanese guerrilla activities under the leadership of the Communist Party of China; Northeast People's Revolutionary Army stage; The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army implemented a unified system and established the 11th National Allied Army stage; After Japan's surrender, the Anti-Japanese Allied Army was reorganized into the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army.

Second, the situation of the struggle of the underground party in the northeast and the party and league organizations in the northeast have been destroyed, restored, and developed several times. After the abolition of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, four provincial party committees were established, and the Northeast Party Organization Committee was established in 1942, which was later divided into two parts: the Northeast Party Organization Committee and the Korean Working Group. In October 1934, the Northeast Party organization and the Anti-Japanese Allied Army lost contact with the Central Committee, and tried to find the Central Committee many times without success.

Third, the Anti-Japanese Union transferred to the Soviet Union, established regional military cooperation with the Soviet Army, established camps in the north and south, and established the 88th Independent Infantry Brigade of the Far Eastern Army of the Red Banner of the Soviet Union in 1942. During these five years, the Anti-Japanese Federation also organized small units to persist in activities in the northeast. After the Soviet Union started the war against Japan, the small anti-union troops actively cooperated with the Soviet army in the northeast counteroffensive.

Fourth, all the preparations made by the Anti-Japanese Union for the counteroffensive in the northeast and the efforts made for the operation provided the conditions for the victorious march of the Soviet army.

Fifth, after the Anti-United Nations counteroffensive in the northeast, it seized the situation and significance of many strategic points in the three northeastern provinces, as well as the list of anti-United Nations personnel on each strategic point.

Sixth, the Northeast Party Organization Committee made two preparations: First, during the Soviet occupation, it quickly occupied various cities in the northeast, got in touch with the party Central Committee, and joined forces with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to strive for control of the whole of the northeast. On the other hand, if the first-hand preparation could not be realized, it was ready to fight a guerrilla war with the Kuomintang army.

After listening to the report, the leading comrades of the Northeast Bureau spoke highly of the work of the Northeast Party Organization Committee and the struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, holding that the 14-year anti-Japanese guerrilla war of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army was as arduous as the 25,000-mile Long March and the guerrilla war in the south of the Yangtze River. Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, and others gave important instructions on the construction of base areas in the northeast and the expansion of the armed forces.

Chen Yun emphatically expounded the principle formulated by the party Central Committee and Mao Zedong that the northeast should let go and mobilize the masses, strengthen the people's strength, fight-for-tat, and fight for every inch of land, and pointed out: We must not hand over our guns, we will not be officials, and we must be prepared for war. He instructed the personnel of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation to make full use of the favorable conditions of wearing the uniforms of the Soviet army, control the railway traffic along the line, and welcome the arrival of a large number of cadres sent by the Party Central Committee to the Northeast; We should pay close attention to the work of building the party, the army, and the government in the cities under our control; Collect the enemy's counterfeit weapons, eliminate bandits, suppress traitors and enemy agents, and stabilize social order; develop production, establish a consolidated base area in the northeast, vigorously develop the people's armed forces, actively raise funds, and prepare for war; Based on the takeover of the cities, we should mobilize the masses in the rural areas to wage the struggle against traitors and hegemony, rent reductions, and interest reductions.

A few days later, Chen Yun arrived in Changchun, and Zhou Baozhong reported to him again and explained the issue of the party's organizational relations. The Northeast Bureau accepted the organizational relationship handed over by the Northeast Committee of the Communist Party of China, announced that the Northeast Party Organization Committee had successfully completed its historical mission, abolished it, and unified the leadership of the Party organizations in all localities under the leadership of the Northeast Bureau. After handing over the party's organizational affiliation, Choe Yong-jian was escorted back to North Korea by Andong in October by Feng Zhongyun.

In October, when the Northeast Party Organization Committee handed over party relations to the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the command system of the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army, which had been expanded and reorganized by the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, remained unchanged, and like the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army that advanced into the northeast, it cooperated in fighting under the leadership of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee under the leadership of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. On November 3, 1945, the Party Central Committee decided to form the Northeast People's Autonomous Army, with Lin Biao as the commander-in-chief, Peng Zhen as the first political commissar, Luo Ronghuan as the second political commissar, Lu Zhengcao, Li Yunchang, Zhou Baozhong, and Xiao Jinguang as the deputy commanders-in-chief, and Cheng Zihua as the deputy political commissar. Since then, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army has completed all its historical missions and entered a new historical period together with other people's armies across the country.

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and under extremely difficult and difficult circumstances, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army waged a long-term and heroic struggle against Japanese imperialism and the puppet rulers of Manchukuo until the final victory of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The formation of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army went through three stages of development: the anti-Japanese guerrillas, the People's Revolutionary Army, and the Anti-Japanese Allied Army. The 14 years of guerrilla warfare that it has adhered to have also gone through a process of development from small to large, with twists and turns. As Chairman Mao Zedong summarized in his article "On the Coalition Government": "On September 18, 1931, the Japanese invaders occupied Shenyang, and within a few months, they occupied the three eastern provinces. The Kuomintang government adopted a policy of non-resistance. However, the people of the three eastern provinces, a part of the patriotic army of the three eastern provinces, under the leadership or assistance of the Communist Party of China, went against the will of the Kuomintang government and organized the anti-Japanese volunteers and anti-Japanese coalition forces in the three northeastern provinces to engage in heroic guerrilla warfare. This heroic guerrilla war once developed to a great scale, and after many difficulties and setbacks in the middle, it was never wiped out by the enemy. "

The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army played an important role in the national liberation war in which the Chinese people resisted foreign invasion. The main reasons for this are as follows: (1) During the six years from "918" to "77," the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army stood at the forefront of the national anti-Japanese struggle, resisted the Japanese invaders with a war of national self-defense, wiped out a large number of living forces of the Japanese army, and scored brilliant results. Judging from the casualty figures of the Japanese Kwantung Army released by the Japanese Ministry of War on March 18, 1936, from "918" in 1931 to the end of 1935, the casualties of the Japanese Kwantung Army were: 4,200 war dead and 171,300 wounded and sick. Coupled with the 2,662 Japanese casualties from 1936 to September 1937 according to the statistics of the General Staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, in the past six years, the Japanese Kwantung Army has suffered a total of 178,200 dead, wounded, and sick. The struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders and thwarted the invincible spirit of the Japanese army, thereby invigorating the spirit of the Chinese nation and promoting the development of the national anti-Japanese salvation movement. (2) During the eight years from "77" to "815", the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, inspired by the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, had a tenacious fighting spirit and strong morale, took the initiative to attack, attacked the enemy's strongholds everywhere, and destroyed the enemy's military installations, which not only caused the Japanese army to pay a huge amount of manpower, material, and financial resources, but also restrained a large number of Japanese troops in the northeast, preventing them from entering the customs and moving south, and effectively cooperated with the national War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. (3) In 1945, in the early days of the recovery of Northeast China during the "August 15 Plan", the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army cooperated with the Soviet Army, the Eighth Route Army, and the New Fourth Army to liberate Northeast China, and immediately plunged into the struggle to establish the Northeast Base Area, which played an important role. The 14-year anti-Japanese guerrilla war persisted by the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces reflected in a concentrated way the strong will of the people of Northeast China to fight to the death against the Japanese aggressors, to fight for the liberation of the Chinese nation, and to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Under the conditions of extremely difficult environment and complete isolation from the military and the people in Guannai and the party Central Committee, they always held high the banner of resisting Japan and saving the country, followed one after another, bravely and unyieldingly, made tremendous sacrifices, and made important contributions to the liberation of the people in Northeast China and to the victory of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.

The fundamental reason why the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army was able to fight for 14 years with outdated weapons against the well-equipped Japanese invading army in the icy and snowy and brutal environment of struggle and never been wiped out was that the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army was a real people's army founded and led by the Communist Party of China. It is composed of outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, with a high degree of political consciousness, strict discipline, and flesh-and-blood ties with the people of Northeast China. It adhered to mobile and flexible guerrilla tactics, and relied on the vast mountainous areas of the Changbai Mountains and the Xing'an Mountains to open up and establish several large anti-Japanese guerrilla zones and guerrilla base areas, and fought bitterly against the vicious enemy. In accordance with the general policy of the Communist Party of China to resist Japan and save the country, it established an anti-Japanese armed united front with the anti-Japanese volunteers and the anti-Japanese mountain and forest units to jointly resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism. It has won the support and support not only of the people of the whole country and the people of Northeast China, but also of the sympathy and support of the people of the Soviet Union and the people of the DPRK, especially the support of the Korean communists headed by Comrade Kim Il Sung. However, the struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, like the revolutionary struggle in other parts of the country, inevitably had shortcomings and mistakes. After a long period of heroic struggle, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation suffered a serious setback in 1938, and the reasons for this were manifold. In addition to the unfavorable conditions of the enemy's strength and weakness, the disparity in strength between the enemy and our own, and the long and bitter cold winter, the subjective aspect is mainly the lack of unified leadership and command. As mentioned in the opinion of the Provisional Party Committee of the Training Office of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation on May 14, 1941: "The enemy in the Northeast is unified, and the enemy attacks us with a unified military and political offensive, and we cannot counterattack the enemy with a unified plan. In 1938, the entire coalition army and the local party organizations in the northeast suffered a serious setback, and no one could deny that the disunity between the party and the army was one of the main reasons. "Another weakness of the struggle against the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation is that the party's ideological and political work is relatively weak. For example, during the upsurge of the anti-Japanese struggle, many volunteers, mountain and forest teams, and militia groups joined the ranks of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, but due to the lack of cadres and frequent fighting, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation could not send a number of backbone forces to these units to carry out ideological and political work, so as to gradually transform them into strong anti-Japanese forces; In dealing with the upper echelons of these troops, they often gave more consideration to unity and care, and lacked the necessary struggle against their erroneous acts that violated the anti-Japanese principle. Therefore, when the battle was lost and the situation was reversed, these troops wavered and even defected to the enemy, causing the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation to suffer heavy losses. The above is only a brief analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, and the experience and lessons of the struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation are comprehensively and systematically discussed, which still need to be further studied and summarized.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has always paid great attention to and attached great importance to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and has spoken highly of it. In November 1938, the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the Northeast Volunteers and all compatriots, praising the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army as "a model who is not afraid of hardships and struggles with the enemy for more than seven years in the ice and snow." On January 1, 1948, the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a special decision to commend the historical achievements of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army and praised the heroic struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation as "an inseparable part of the glorious history of the Communist Party of China." In May 1949, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the Northeast Bureau, in which it once again pointed out that the struggle against the United Nations was glorious, and said: "This glorious history should be recognized and respected by the Party. "The people of the whole country, especially the people of Northeast China, will always remember the glorious achievements made by the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces for the liberation of Northeast China and the liberation of the Chinese nation, and will be inspired and draw strength from their arduous and singable combat deeds. The heroic and indomitable revolutionary spirit and lofty patriotic spirit of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army have always inspired the Chinese people to forge ahead.