As an ancient military important place, the ancient city of Chongwu stands on the defense line of the southeast coast of Fujian for 600 years, and is one of the more complete historical sites in the history of coastal defense on the mainland. Nowadays, the ancient city of Chongwu is a well-known tourist resort, but also the display place of the "Huinu spirit", there are also many ancient wells here, the density is high, the protection is good, the memory of the Maritime Silk Road is continued, carrying the nostalgia of the wanderer, and has become a major feature of the cultural tourism of our county.
During this year's "May Day" holiday, the Chongwu Ancient City Scenic Area received a total of 43,100 tourists, and the ancient city Shuiguan area received a total of about 26,500 tourists. Many tourists wear Huinu costumes to check in the ancient well, and people from all walks of life look forward to carrying forward the ancient well culture and contributing to the construction of a model city for the protection and utilization of Quanzhou's world heritage and high-quality economic development by taking advantage of the east wind of cultural tourism.
01
The Song Dynasty began to dig wells to get water
Water is the source of life. Walking in Chongwu Water Pass, you can see wells everywhere. The masonry of the walls of most of the wells has been rounded, and the wells are covered with thick moss, and the traces of age tell the vicissitudes of the history of the ancient city.
Chen Jianmin, a lover of Chongwu folklore research, was born and raised in Si, he was a teacher at Hui'an Primary School before his retirement, and has been enthusiastic about the research and dissemination of Chongwu history and culture for many years. More than ten years ago, a relative who likes photography came to the ancient city to photograph ancient wells. This aroused Chen Jianmin's interest, and the historic Chongwu well became one of his main research topics.
"Dyeing Silk Well" is regarded as "Chongwu's First Fukui"
Chongwu is located in the southeast coastal protrusion of the mainland, surrounded by the sea on three sides, is the land of projectiles, fresh water resources are very scarce, digging wells to get water has become a necessary condition for the ancestors to survive here. "The geological structure here belongs to the Zhejiang-Fujian activated continental platform, and the base is composed of metamorphic rock series. The territory is dominated by denudation platforms, and the bedrock is exposed. Chen Jianmin said that this is a big test of the sinking technology. Before the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there is still a lack of relevant historical materials on how the ancestors here obtained water for production and living. However, since the middle of the Song Dynasty, the situation of Chongwu soldiers and civilians digging wells to obtain water can be found in historical books.
"Chongwu City Chronicles, Landscapes, Wells" contains: "In the Song Dynasty, a small pocket village was built, and a well was dug. If the inner well, the mountain front well, the lower hermitage well, the hermitage well, and the south gate outer well are also. According to Chen Jianmin, most of the wells in the Song Dynasty had the following characteristics: the belly of the well was large, the surface was concave and convex, and the patchwork was not tight. Generally speaking, the well fence is assembled in four pieces, and the well fence stone is wide, tall and thick.
In Shuiguan, the wells in the institute are typical wells of the Song Dynasty. In 1387, Chongwu built the city, placed thousands of households, and built an office. "Chongwu City Chronicles and Public Office" contains: "There is a well in the west outside the Yimen, and when the Song Dynasty built the inspection division, it was already covered. The Song dug well was retained in the office, which was later called "the well in the office".
An ancient well at the entrance of the water gate
"During the Song Dynasty, there were garrisons here, and all the big wells were dug and belonged to the public use. In the Ming Dynasty, after the Marquis of Jiangxia built the city, there were more than 1,000 soldiers defending the city, ten soldiers were set up, and more than a dozen barracks were built in the city. Chen Jianmin said that later researchers therefore deduced that the Ming Dynasty had the widest range of wells, and the number of newly dug wells exceeded ten. In the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, with the continuous increase in population, the number of wells in Chongwu City has increased to dozens.
02
Gujing inheritance The nostalgic memory of every Chongwu person
Dirt wells, round wells, square wells, pentagonal wells, hexagonal wells, octagonal wells...... Walking in the streets and alleys of the ancient city of Chongwu, there are wells of different shapes coming into view from time to time, which makes people dizzy. Some people say that there are more than 60 wells in the ancient city, and Gan Zeping, the cultural coordinator of Chaole Village, has made statistics that there are 25 ancient wells in Chaole Village alone. In this regard, Chen Jianmin said: "It may be much more than that, and the density of wells here is worth further studying." ”
"Chongwu's wells are divided into earth wells, brick wells, and stone wells according to the different materials used to construct the belly of the well. Doi is the most primitive. After digging a pit on the ground, the original texture in the pit is maintained and the water is stored into a well. According to analysis, there is more than one earthen well in Chongwu, when the city was built in the Ming Dynasty, several "Kutan" distributed inside and outside the city are relatively large earthen wells. When building a city, choose a place with low terrain and concentrate on taking soil to build the city. After taking the soil, a large area of "pit well" is formed, and surface water and precipitation are used to accumulate to form a "reservoir pool".
The well exudes a strong sense of life
"The earth well is a pit well, and there is no masonry wall." Chen Jianmin said, "The wells dug in the early Song Dynasty or the middle of the Ming Dynasty have open sites, high utilization rates, and relatively backward well-making technology, and most of the wells are wide polygons. In the Qing Dynasty, the surrounding buildings were restricted, the sinking site was narrow, and the masonry skills were improved, and the belly of the well was small. ”
Chongwu writer Wang Liting has been working in Chaole Village, and she has a deep affection for the well. In her eyes, the sound of fetching and using water, the footsteps of villagers carrying water, and the frolicking of childhood friends by the well platform are all unique nostalgia for the well.
Although there has been running water for a long time, in Chongwu, the ancient well is still one of the sources of water for people's daily life. In front of the labyrinthine map of the ancient city, we saw wells marked like stars. Drinking wells, farming wells, storage wells, fire wells, workshop wells...... The wells here have various functions, exuding a strong atmosphere of life, accompanied by the fireworks of the people of the ancient city.
Wang Liting often stands on the ancient city wall, gazing in the direction of the city's wells, imagining various water scenes in ancient times. She said that the drinking well was a necessary well for the diet of the people and sergeants in those days. "Most of the wells dug in the Song and Ming dynasties are such wells." At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, some large households built houses with gardens, and also dug wells in the garden to water flowers and trees; When the Ming Dynasty built Chongwu City, several "Kutan" excavated were for agricultural purposes. In addition, at that time, people also had the habit of sinking wells for storage, such as "Fuquan" Chen's pawnshop, which dug wells in the house to store items, and this kind of storage well had the function of anti-theft, which was often relatively hidden.
"For every Chongwu person, the well is a unique memory of growth." Chen Jianmin also often takes students to visit various wells in the local area. Looking through the students' visit notes, some children deepened their understanding of the history of their hometown: "In ancient times, digging wells for water was not negligible to the life and production of the Chongwu people...... and some children were curious about the ancient drilling technology: "Some wells were dug from rock layers, and the ancestors were so smart...... "All kinds of wells throughout the ancient city have been unconsciously integrated into their growth memories."
03
Tales of the Well record the story of the virtues of the ancient city
The bluestone slab road seeks the old dream, and the ancient well story sings to the millennium. Drinking wells, spring wells, dowry wells, and land buying wells...... In Chongwu, almost every ancient well has its own story behind it, precipitating the well complex of the ancient city people.
On the side of the "Xiangong Ancestral Hall" of Chaole, there is an ancient well called "Drinking Well". As the name suggests, it is a well dug by the family and distributed to the neighbor's house for drinking. In the vicinity of the ancient city gate of Chongwu, due to the small amount of land and the large number of households, the land is very compact, and many houses are only separated by a narrow path, and even the walls are connected to each other, living next to each other. The "drinking well" is to build a wall above the wellhead, leaving a wellhead on each side of the wall, so that both families can draw water and drink in their own homes.
"Drinking well" witnesses the folk customs of mutual assistance and friendship of Chongwu people
"It's not just the 'drinking well', there are similar stories of virtue behind other ancient wells." There is a "spring well" near Kaishio-an. Gan Zeping said that it was excavated by the villagers in 1926 with donations, and the well was engraved with "Yongquan Well" and the signature of the donation and the opening of the well, which was written by Zhan Shiru, a Chongwu calligrapher. The names of more than 20 people who donated money to open the well are also engraved on the well, although it has been mottled, but it has left a good story of the villagers' enthusiasm for charity.
"Yongquan Well" is donated and dug by the villagers
In the land of the headland, people with insufficient water resources have also bought land from other families to dig wells. Chongwu West City Gate to the east about 50 meters south side, is Liu's (Pengcheng) ancient house, the house number "Dagu Lane No. 2", the left wall in front of the ancient house gate is engraved with a chisel stele stone, the inscription "Qianlong Xin Wei Liyue Liu Jingbang brothers buy land to build a well by themselves", standing stone as the basis.
The inscription records the past of "buying a well".
Fifty-year-old Aunt Chen, from Jiangxi, has lived in Chongwu for more than ten years and has heard many stories of ancient wells nearby, and the "dowry well" is one of them. When people think of "dowry", people usually think of gold, silver, jewelry, silk and cloth, and in Chongwu, the dowry given by the Sun family to their daughter is a well. Sun's daughter married the Zhan family on the north side, and the Zhan family did not have a well. When they got married, their mother's family dug a well for their daughter's family as a dowry. The Sun family built a well for their daughter's husband's family, and with "infrastructure", it also ensured her daughter's "material resources" in the future and better living water conditions.
Explore the "dowry well" and be grateful to your parents.
04
Expert voice makes Gujing resources "score" for cultural tourism
Chongwu Ancient City, as the filming location of CCTV's hit drama "Spring Lover", has become a place of cultural tourism Internet celebrities during this "May Day" holiday, ushering in waves of tourists from all over the world, and the cultural tourism economy is "hot". The ancient city and scenic spots continue to be hot, the performance scene is very lively, and the "Daughter of the Sea" Huinu costume cross-dressing experience week and Chongwu fun to catch the "tide" theme activities are carried out, and many tourists wear Huinu costumes to check in the ancient well.
Ye Fengping, part-time vice chairman of the Hui'an County Federation of Literary and Art Circles and poet, is a Chongwu person, and the first thing he did when he received friends during the "May Day" was to take his friends to see the "silk well" he wrote into the poem-
"Come back, put a bucket of well water/Rinse the wind and dust/You marvel at how extraordinary it is/It is quadrangular on the outside, hexagonal on the inside/Printed with the legend of the sea-/Raise the sails, break the ...... of thousands of miles" (Ye Fengping's "Silk Well")
"Dyeing silk well" is located in Haichao Nunnery, also known as Xia Nunnery Well, chiseled in the Song Dynasty, the well is 3 meters deep, the perennial water output is large, the past dynasties call it "not dry well", people call "Chongwu first blessing well". In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Lin Guangji on the north side of the well operated silk and cloth (known as Xia cloth in ancient times), and the firm created a considerable scale of bleaching and dyeing workshops in the south of the well, drawing the water of this well to bleaching and dyeing silk cloth, and exported overseas from the "Maritime Silk Road" through Quanzhou, so the well also has the nickname of "silk dyeing well". The years are long, the lower nunnery well is still as clear as ever, it is loved and used by the people of Shuiguan, people draw the underwater nunnery, and the lower nunnery absorbs the lotus stone spring in the center of the ancient city, which is really the so-called "lucky well" of the continuous generations. "Guangji cloth, wear not broken", after more than 200 years of popularity, has become a familiar saying of Chongwu people.
"Silk Dyeing Well" became a part of the memory of the Maritime Silk Road. Lin Shaochuan, the former director of the Quanzhou Institute of Studies, once suggested formulating a plan to protect the "silk dyeing wells" and these nearby ancient well groups, and make a comprehensive plan to highlight the status of ancient wells. In his opinion, if a place has historical relics and monuments, and then protect them, more tourists will come to visit, which will not only produce social benefits, but also drive tourism and produce economic benefits. He suggested excavating more ancient well culture, spreading the story of ancient wells, and leading everyone to explore the unique memory of the Maritime Silk Road and the nostalgia of southern Fujian.
In an interview, Chen Jianmin also expressed the same sentiment. "It is the common wish of every Chongwu person to bring new vitality to cultural tourism through the story of Gujing culture and make the ancient city better and better." He said.
Source | Quanzhou Tong client
Edit | Su Jianzhong
Editor-in-charge | Cai Xiaoqing
Audit | Lin Shuda