During the Anti-Japanese War, the full number of a division of the national army was about 10,000 people, and the vast majority of troops lacked technical arms, such as infantry artillery, mortars, machine guns, communication equipment, etc., when replenished, it was often able to enrich the front-line infantry.
Under the standing situation, a division of the national army has about 6,000 people, 3,000 rifles, more than 100 machine guns, and a small number of mortars.
At the same time, the Soviet army was a small division, the German army was a standard division (rigorous, with tactical experts), the Japanese army was a master (division and regiment system), and the American army was an integrated division.
The advantages of the small division of the Soviet army: small scale, high proportion of front-line combat soldiers, few affiliated units, and fast formation.
The shortcomings of the small division of the Soviet army: poor ability to sustain combat.
Before the Anti-Japanese War, the German armament division trained by the national army was organized according to the German army's ideas, due to the lack of heavy weapons, the scale of the directly subordinate team was small, and an additional regiment was formed to make up for it, with a strength of about 15,000 people.
After 1939, the national army was basically a small division, after all, the industrial level was limited, the direct subordinate team was insufficient, and the limited heavy weapons were concentrated at the army level for use.
At this time, the basic tactical corps of the national army was changed from a division to a corps level, and the size of the division was reduced, and there was no need for the brigade to exist.
In the later stage of the Anti-Japanese War, he studied the establishment of the US army, introduced a plan for reorganizing divisions, and once again regarded divisions as basic tactical corps.
During World War II, the U.S. military's philosophy:
First, the US military attaches great importance to the building of medical teams, from companies to regiments, there are a large number of stretcher teams and medical personnel, and the medical teams under the regiment have several hundred people, and the division-level association will be affiliated to the field hospital, and the total number of medical personnel in the whole division is several thousand.
Second, the U.S. military attaches more importance to mobility. There are a large number of cars, armored vehicles, towed artillery. This equipment also requires a lot of personnel to maintain.
Third, the US military attaches great importance to the application of equipment, and the scale of its direct subordinate units is large. The division has artillery regiments, air defense battalions, anti-tank battalions, anti-chemical warfare units, and so on; At the regimental level there are artillery battalions, anti-tank companies, anti-aircraft companies and other detachments.
Fourth, the US military attaches great importance to logistical life, and if soldiers want to chew gum and drink coffee at the same time, they need a huge logistical support capacity, and a division of the US military will be equipped with more than 1,000 logistics personnel.
A full-strength division of the U.S. Army, about 15,000 people, with reserves, communications, logistics, maintenance, medical and other auxiliary units, can easily exceed 20,000 people.
The advantages of the U.S. military establishment: soldiers can be treated in time, the casualty rate can be reduced, and the reserve force is large and can fill the vacancies in time; The material life is good, reflecting that fighting a war is the same as traveling; Equipped with many weapons and strong firepower; High mechanization rate and strong mobility.
The shortcomings of the U.S. military establishment: a large number of attached personnel, too large, and inefficient in attacking or retreating.
It can be seen from this that the nominal number of the reorganized division is very large, but the number of combat soldiers is pitiful, and it is particularly difficult to fight.
In 1941, the Soviet division was basically the same as the German division, both of which were about 15,000 people, but soon, the Soviet army dropped the number of divisions to about 10,000 people, and the heavy equipment in the division was greatly reduced.
In fact, the Japanese army was also adapting to the war, and the large divisions and regiments were changed to smaller and smaller, the intermediate level of brigades or wings was abolished, and many independent brigades or detachments were also organized.
As far as the national army is concerned, although the integrated division is good, it does not correspond to reality:
First, the industrial base is weak, there is no support from a large number of mechanized equipment, even if the import is bought, the parts are broken in the later stage, and there is no way to quickly produce and replenish.
Second, the logistical maintenance capacity is insufficient, and the US military has a powerful car transport fleet and air transport aircraft to deliver them.
However, tens of thousands of people in the national army are concentrated together, and logistics cannot keep up, so it is better to disperse into several small divisions, each of which is an independent unit, and the pressure on logistics projection is small.
Thirdly, the most important thing is the lack of various professionals, and the maintenance of mechanization requires a large number of specialized personnel.
For example, car mechanics and skilled jobs all require a certain amount of time to train.
The integrated 74th Division of the Liberation War was surrounded in Menglianggu, and it was difficult to fly.
The 1st Marine Division of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has always had air support and airdropped a large amount of supplies, so it can hold on for a long time.