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More than 2,200 years ago, Xiang Yu spent three years killing and conquering the Qin regime, and in the following five years, he mainly competed with various princes, especially Liu Bang, which is known in history as the "Chu and Han Dispute", and the results have affected the direction of Chinese history.
Han Shin bowed to the general
In the struggle between Chu and Han, a "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" almost popped up.
And when Han Xin established himself as the queen of Qi, Xiang Yu sent someone to invite Han Xin to divide the world, why did Han Xin refuse Xiang Yu?
In the fourth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty (203 BC), a crucial year in the dispute between Chu and Han, Zhang Liang offered advice to Liu Bang that only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of generals such as Han Xin and Di Bu could he turn defeat into victory and finally defeat Xiang Yu.
Liu Bang listened to Zhang Liang's strategy, appointed Han Xin as the king of Qi and Huang Bu as the king of Huainan, and let them attack the Chu army with all their might.
At this time, the Chu army was running out of food, and Xiang Yu "made an appointment with the Han (Wang) to divide the world in the middle, cut the gap to the west for Han, and to the east for Chu." This is known as the "Covenant of the Chasm".
However, Liu Bang adopted the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, violated the "Covenant of the Gap", and pursued the Chu army.
In the winter and October of the fifth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), because the armies of the princes agreed by Liu Bang did not arrive at the battle site on time, the Chu army, which was eager to return to his hometown, struck a blow, but caused Liu Bang's main force of the Han army to be defeated in Guling.
Liu Bang had to be instructed by a superior in his frustration, and he promised Han Xin, the king of Qi, and Peng Yue, the state of Wei, that the Chu land he conquered would be ceded to them as a reward according to their wishes.
With this order, Han Xin and Peng Yue "all brought troops".
At this point, the Han army officially launched a full-scale attack on the Chu army. Han Xin was called "Soldier Immortal" by later generations, and he was really powerful in using soldiers, killing the general of the Chu army Long Ji on the battlefield, and beating 200,000 Chu troops all over the ground to find teeth.
Striking while the iron was hot, Liu Bang ordered Han Xin to lead his troops to storm the Chu army. "Chu is a dead dragon, and King Xiang is afraid." Xiang Yu sent people to persuade Han Xin to give up attacking the Chu army, not to stand on the same line with Liu Bang, and to stand on his own.
"Unite with Chu, divide the world into three parts and the king Qi". This suggestion sounds very tempting: Xiang Yu and Han Xin win-win, especially putting Han Xin on the same level as the overlord.
Is Han Shin tempted?
According to the Book of Han, Han Xin was not moved by Xiang Yu's "sweet words", although Han Xin's utilitarianism was actually very strong.
What is the reason? Han Xin replied to the lobbyist in front of his subordinates: "I have been working with King Xiang (Xiang Yu) for many years, and he has no intention of reusing me at all
I never listened, let alone adopted, so I switched to Hanwang.
The king of Han reused me, appointed me as a general, handed over tens of thousands of elite troops to me to command, and obeyed me, so that he achieved the results of the current defeat of the Chu army. Han Xin's words choked the lobbyist sent by Xiang Yu into a speechless position.
In the end, Han Xin rejected Xiang Yu's "kindness" on the grounds that King Han (Liu Bang) "believed in me and had an ominous back".
Han Xin didn't believe Xiang Yu in his heart. At the time of Chu and Han, there were many twists and turns, first of all, Han Xin couldn't judge Xiang Yu's intentions and authenticity, and as a "soldier immortal", he was also afraid of being plotted by others.
Coupled with the rapid changes on the battlefield and the unpredictable direction of the situation, wouldn't Han Xin's every move be more careful?
And the most important thing is that Han Xin has a good eye on Xiang Yu's character, and in the face of interests, Xiang Yu will not really consider others. Xiang Yu recorded in historical records is indeed stingy with rewarding his subordinates.
When the overlord of Chu felt that he was about to lose his support and threw an "olive branch" to his former subordinates, Han Xin categorically rejected him, and also used this to educate the people around him and strengthen his determination to attack Chu.
In less than two months, Xiang Yu was besieged, and then he was known as "embattled" and the overlord of Chu "Wujiang killed himself". In fact, from a deep perspective, Xiang Yu's behavior is closely related to the style of the late Qin and early Han dynasties.
Sima Qian once made an incisive summary of the social atmosphere of the Xia, Shang, and the Third Dynasty and the late Qin Dynasty: "Xia Zhizheng is loyal. Loyalty, villains to the wild, so Yin people to respect.
Respect, the villain is a ghost, so the Zhou people inherit it. Wen Zhiyi, the villain is a villain, so he saves Mo Ruo to be loyal. The "僿" refers to the vulgar and cunning style of the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty – which is inevitably reflected in the style of the late Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu and other tyrants.
Under the wind of the world, there is no exception, and even Liu Bang, Han Xin and others have such habits to some extent.
Therefore, Sima Qian believes that the later Han Dynasty drew on historical experience, "the Han Dynasty is prosperous, and the inheritance is changeable", reforming the old and bringing forth the new, and re-advocating the fashion of faithfulness to change the world style and revitalize the country.
In short, the reason why Han Xin did not believe in Xiang Yu's "three-point world" was not only a comprehensive negation of Xiang Yu, but also a side reflection of the world style at that time.
It's a pity that although Han Xin saw Xiang Yu's character, he looked away at Liu Bang and misjudged his future, which may be the limitation of historical figures at that time.