#聚光创作大赛#
2024
The Chinese Spring Festival that has just passed
From the snow and ice in the north to the sun in the south
From the Western Frontier to the shores of the East China Sea
Road, rail, air, water transport
9 billion movements
This is what made this happen
The largest migration in the world
Among them
5.35 million kilometers of roads
336 million vehicles
Huge road system and amazing car ownership
It supported 7.2 billion self-driving trips during the Spring Festival this year
Occupy eighty percent of the entire Spring Festival traffic
Convenience, freedom and privacy
Long distance drive
It has become the first choice for Chinese people to travel
however
A car
A journey
What will we face
What kind of scenery will you see?
What else do we need to know
Geographic logic
In order to achieve the unity of knowledge and action for long-distance self-driving
丨
1. Freezing rain, and the Spring Festival unexpectedly
The freezing rain that occurred in Hubei before the Spring Festival still makes people feel palpitations.
On January 31, at the beginning of the Spring Festival, the central and eastern parts of the mainland suffered the heaviest rain and snow since 2009.
The dripping water turned into ice, and instantly "sealed" the way home.
The freezing rain is so powerful that even the snow melting agent and snow shovel are powerless. On February 4, in Hubei, Hunan and other places, many high-speed railways were suspended or delayed, and more than 1,000 high-speed toll stations across the country were closed.
The Spring Festival encountered disastrous weather, high-speed traffic was blocked, cars lined up in long queues, and some vehicles were blocked for more than 50 hours.
Freezing rain, a meteorological word that has always been relatively unfamiliar, has become a hot spot of attention.
So, at the moment when various extreme weather occurs frequently, is there a pattern for the occurrence of freezing rain for people's long-distance self-driving? And how to avoid it?
The first is the law of time. Freezing rain often occurs in winter and spring, especially from January to February every year, which is the most active period of freezing rain, and unfortunately, this time coincides with the spring travel season.
The second is the law of location. Freezing rain often occurs in Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places, and also occurs in Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu and eastern provinces, especially in Guizhou.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
In everyone's common perception, ice and snow should be a specialty of the north, but because the special sandwich biscuit structure of "cold at the top and bottom and warm in the middle" is the premise for the formation of freezing rain, the area most prone to freezing rain disasters is mostly in the south.
Judging from the occurrence of freezing rain, Hubei is just at the intersection of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway and Shanghai-Rong Expressway, these two trunk lines are the main arteries that flow from east to west and from south to north.
According to statistics, the freezing rain weather in the Jianghuai River basin occurs once in 2-3 years in the north of the Huai River and once in 7-8 years in the south of the Huai River. Therefore, self-drivers passing through these areas during the Spring Festival every year should pay close attention to the weather forecast.
In case of freezing rain weather warning, the self-driving route can be adjusted; If you have entered the area affected by freezing rain and cannot detour, you should get off the highway and enter the national highway as soon as possible to avoid being blocked in the closed section of the highway and losing your ground.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
Diagram of the relationship between the combined radar emission rate and some expressway trunk lines in central China on February 3, 2024. The warmer and darker the area, the more intense the snowfall.
丨
II from north to south, when latitude determines temperature
No matter how much annoying news there was in the previous winter, every year around the Spring Festival, Hainan must be crowded. In addition to the blue sea and fresh air, the most important thing is, of course, the most scarce resource of winter: temperature.
Hainan Island is like spring all year round, everyone knows that when the snow falls in the north, Hainan is still fragrant with birds and flowers at 18 degrees north latitude.
Wuzhizhou Island in Sanya, you can still swim in the sea during the Spring Festival. Photography丨Xiao Hei
China is a vast country, with a difference of about 50° between north and south latitudes, and a significant difference in solar radiation received in winter, coupled with the influence of cold winter monsoons from Mongolia and Siberia, the northern region bears the brunt, and the temperature difference between the north and the south is further increased.
The North and the South are by no means abstract concepts. Geographically, the Qinling-Huai River line is a significant isotherm that not only represents the boundary between the south and the north, but in January, the isotherm roughly extends the 0°C line along the central region.
The average temperature in the north of the Qinling-Huaihe River line is below 0°C, and the temperature in Mohe River in Heilongjiang is below -30°C. The average temperature in the south is above 0°C, with the temperature in Sanya, Hainan Province above 20°C.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
The distribution characteristics of the January isotherm in China are mainly reflected in the significant difference in temperature between the north and the south: warm in the south and cold in the north.
Contrast works wonders.
It is said that hundreds of thousands of northeast people spend the Spring Festival in Sanya every year, so Hainan is also known as the "fourth province in Northeast China".
In fact, in winter, a north-south self-driving trip will be a rare way to experience "Geographical China".
As we traveled south from Harbin in the northeast, the temperature rose by about 8°C for each isotherm crossed. Harbin to Sanya is about 4,000 kilometers, if you drive for 5 days, you can cross an isotherm almost every day, and the total temperature rise can exceed 40°C. With a single trip, you can experience the extreme cold of the snow country and the blazing heat of the southern beach, which is a romance that only belongs to winter.
So, when we travel by car in winter, how do we judge the temperature trend along the way? A set of schematic diagrams of the relationship between China's core highway network and the January average temperature map can help you plan your journey wisely, and even meet the four seasons in winter.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
The 7 capital radiation lines crossed more than 2 isotherms from G1 to G5, and the temperature changed significantly. G6 crosses 3 bars, and the temperature changes greater, but there is a symmetrical change. Although the G7 is long, the temperature does not change much.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
The 11 north-south longitudinal lines crossed 2 to 5 isotherms, respectively, and the temperature changed significantly.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
Of the 18 east-west horizontal lines, except for the G30 Lianhuo Expressway, which crosses 2 isotherms, most of the other lines do not cross the isotherms, and the temperature changes are very small.
丨
3. From Banna, let's talk about the climatic logic of long-distance self-driving
In the coldest season, if we don't go to Sanya, then Xishuangbanna is the best Eden for winter.
We will find that the same warmth, Banna and Hainan are very different.
The 20,000 square kilometers of land in southern Yunnan are covered with more than 5,000 species of tropical plants. With a forest of trees, sky gardens, and dripping leaves, the magical rainforest landscape is dizzying, like walking into a "Jurassic Park".
Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, a variety of exotic flowers and flowers decorate this place like a dream, as if strayed into the "Alice Wonderland". Photography丨Ayi
The south and east and west sides of Xishuangbanna, close to the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, are deeply affected by the warm and humid air flow of the southwest monsoon and the southeast monsoon in summer, so it is warm and humid all year round, with a forest coverage rate of up to 81.34%, which is one of the few tropical rainforest distribution areas in China and one of the 12 hottest tourist destinations in the world.
Its special nature makes it a travel paradise that became popular earlier than Lijiang Dali.
(Landscape viewing)
The big Buddha of Mengxi Palace looks ahead and protects this land. Photography丨zuj
The eastern half of China has a wide range of monsoon climates, with the continental monsoon prevailing in winter, which is cold and dry.
Xishuangbanna is an exception.
In terms of climate type, it belongs to the tropical monsoon climate, and the regions with the same climate include the southern part of Taiwan Province, the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island. Xishuangbanna is located on the northern edge of the tropics, with Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain as a barrier in the north to block the cold current in the south and intercept the warm and humid air flow from the Indian Ocean, making it almost the only blessed place in Chinese mainland that is not affected by cold waves.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
In addition to these five major climate types, China's Nansha Islands have a tropical rainforest climate.
Therefore, although temperature is the underlying logic, due to the interaction of many geographical factors, it will be reflected in the climate, which will produce richer dimensions and changes.
For our long-distance drive, there is nothing more intuitive than observing the changes in vegetation.
From north to south, from the cold temperate coniferous forest in the northeast to the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in North China, after crossing the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains, you can see a large area of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and then south to Xishuangbanna, which is the world of tropical monsoon forest.
From east to west, from coastal to inland, less water vapor from the ocean is coming in, and the vegetation changes from forests to grasslands, and into the northwest inland area, there are large deserts.
So, when we travel by car, how do we understand the climate zone along the way? A set of maps of the relationship between China's core highway network and China's climate to help you understand the scenery around you that you may seem familiar with but don't know much about.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
Except for G1 and G7, the other 5 of the 7 capital radiations all cross 2 climatic zones, and the landscape changes are significant.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
Most of the 11 north-south longitudinal lines cross 2 to 4 climatic zones, and the landscape changes significantly.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
Most of the 18 east-west horizontal lines, north of the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains, span two climatic zones, and the landscape changes are significant. The south is basically in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, and the landscape changes very little.
丨
Go West! Where does obsession come from?
In the hearts of many people, if you want to say that the paradise of self-driving, it must be the west.
Speaking of the west, what comes to mind may be China's "landscape avenue" National Highway 318, China's longest land border National Highway 219, the century-old solitude of National Highway 315, or the border nomadism of National Highway 331.
Qinghai Chaka Salt Lake Sky Mirror. Photography |
The west is too different from the deep urban jungle, it is a dream, it is a distance, it is a beautiful glacier and snow mountain, it is a majestic desert grassland.
Driving in the west, you can experience cloudy, sunny, rainy and snowy in one day, experience spring, summer, autumn and winter, each scenery carries the past and present life of this land, and also records the grand power of the long years.
So, where does the obsession of driving west come from?
The U-shaped highway on National Highway 315 near Dachaidan, Qinghai. Photography: Fengqiao Night Park
There is no scenery in a familiar place. The essence of travel is the inner calling from afar. Anything far away is a temptation for us. Either tempted by beauty, or tempted by legends.
In fact, there is a very simple geographical reason for our yearning for the west, that is, in China, the vast majority of people live in the east.
In 1935, Hu Huanyong, then head of the Department of Geography at Central University, published a paper entitled "The Distribution of Chinese Mouths", in which he found that the "Aihui-Tengchong Line" divided China into two geographical units, the southeast and the northwest. 36% of the land in the southeast half of the country supports 96% of the country's population, while 64% of the land in the northwest half supports only 4% of the population, which is the famous Hu Huanyong line.
Eighty-nine years have passed, and Hu Huanyong's line has never been broken with its scientific nature and stability.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
The Hu Huanyong Line is known as the national geographic demarcation line alongside the "Qinling-Huaihe Line".
China's topography is characterized by high in the west and low in the east, showing an obvious stepped distribution.
The eastern part of the continent is basically located in the third tier, with an altitude of less than 500 meters, and the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are distributed from north to south, and the edge of the plain is inlaid with low mountains and hills.
The eastern edge of the second ladder is the Daxing'an Mountains, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain, and crosses these mountains to enter the second stage, which is composed of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin, with an average altitude of 1000-2000 meters.
Across the Kunlun Mountains, Qilian Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, it enters the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters, which is the first step of China's topography and the roof of the world.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
China's topography has caused many large rivers to flow eastward, connecting the east and west traffic.
China's special three-step ladder determines that when we drive from the east to the west, we will not only face vertical zonal changes caused by elevation increases, but also mean that we will gradually drive from prosperity to wilderness.
All the way to the west, with the rise and extension of the three steps, the wilderness has gradually radiated a majestic momentum from the fragmented existence, and the landscape shaped by it has also become the real background color of the earth.
Times are changing, people's aesthetics are changing, and China's mountain culture is also changing. In the past, China's Hengduan Mountains have been hidden behind the scenes, but as more and more people turn their eyes to the west, many magnificent and majestic extremely high mountains have come into people's field of vision, such as the gods of heaven and the high-altitude snow-capped mountains, from the unknown origin, to become the attention of everyone.
Hengduan Mountains. Photography丨Wang Jianjun
To the snowy mountains, to the plateaus, to the wilderness.
On the blue planet we live in, the wilderness is what Mother Earth was originally like. Vast and wild, it not only has great aesthetic value, but also opens a dialogue between human beings and eternity because of loneliness.
With the blessing of the "infrastructure madness" and the rapid extension of the highway network, when the niche 318 becomes a must-drive for everyone in this life, going to the west is not only one of the outdoor ways of leisure, but also regarded by many people as a temporary escape from reality of spiritual salvation.
A set of diagrams, let's see, what steps on the ladder we have crossed on China?
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
The 7 capital radials, G1 to G4, are all in the third step, with little change in altitude and no obvious vertical zonality. G5 and G7, spanning 2 steps, have obvious vertical zonality; The G6 Beijing-Tibet Expressway goes straight up to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the east, with huge elevation changes and significant vertical zonality.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
The 11 north-south longitudinal lines are bounded by the G55 Erguang Expressway, and the elevation in the east is low and the change is not large, and the vertical zonality is not obvious. The west is at a higher altitude and has obvious vertical zonality.
Cartography丨Geographical Commune丨Du Zhuoyi
Except for a few high-speed highways, the 18 east-west horizontal lines basically cross the secondary steps, with obvious elevation changes and obvious vertical zonality.
now
China Expressway
The total mileage has reached 177,300 kilometers
No. 1 in the world
By 2035
Except for individual prospect lines
71118 National Highway Network Main Line
will be fully built
Every day
There are thousands of them
Start their own journey
Every far away
All of them carry an expectation in people's hearts
China
It has the most complete natural belt in the world
From tropical rainforests to temperate grasslands
From the coast of the East China Sea to the Pamirs
highway
Thousands of landscapes connecting the land of China
Let the mountains and rivers grow
Waiting for people to pursue