Recently, Huidong County, Liangshan Prefecture came to the major good news of science and technology to rejuvenate agriculture: the local dryland wheat was measured by the provincial and state expert group on the spot, and after the acceptance of mechanized real acceptance, weighing, impurities, moisture testing, etc., the average yield of 1.905 mu was 665.27 kg (including 0.83 mu of "Changmai 39": 733.5 kg per mu). The average yield per mu obtained by synthesis broke the current record of wheat yield in dryland wheat areas in southwest China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing). It is understood that the wheat variety "Changmai 39" has the characteristics of drought tolerance, heat tolerance, good color and yellowing, and is suitable for dryland planting.
On May 8, the reporter contacted Liu Yubin, the main breeder of "Changmai 39" and a researcher at the Liangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, to learn in detail about the whole process of the wheat variety "Changmai 39" from variety breeding to ultra-high yield research test and on-site yield acceptance.
It is understood that according to different planting patterns, wheat in Sichuan Province is mainly divided into dryland wheat and rice stubble wheat, the former is a dryland crop, while the latter is a rice. In the southwest wheat area (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing), dryland wheat accounts for about half of the total area of wheat, but the yield is only half of that of rice stubble wheat, the main reason is that dryland wheat is greatly affected by natural conditions such as precipitation and soil, and the yield has never been greatly improved. In Sichuan, dryland wheat accounts for about 40% of the total wheat area, mainly distributed in Nanchong, Guangyuan, Bazhong, Suining and other places.
Researcher Liu Yubin told reporters that "Changmai 39" was crossed by the Liangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in March 2012 with the self-bred line 2012 You 3817 as the female parent and 2012-2663 as the male parent. After the identification test and the product comparison test, it participated in the regional test of plateau wheat in Sichuan Province in 2021. It will pass the regional test in July 2023, participate in the production test in October, and pass the field technical appraisal in April 2024, which can be described as a sword in 12 years. In the process of breeding and promotion of Changmai series varieties, the scientific research team has received strong support from the provincial and state science and technology departments and agricultural departments.
It is understood that the variety has strong tillers, short plants, developed root system, short length of flag leaves, straight angle of flag leaves, compact plant shape, slow growth and development in the early stage, fast heading and filling speed in the later stage, and good color and yellowing. Heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, large and full grains, in the plateau of Sichuan Province, the yield per mu reached 745 kg. In 2021-2022, the average yield per mu was 540.0 kg, which was 11.1% higher than that of the control Mianmai 367, with a significant increase in yield and an annual yield increase rate of 100%. From 2022 to 2023, the average yield per mu in the regional test was 556.1 kg, which was 11.4% higher than that of the control Mianmai 367, and the yield increase was extremely significant, and the yield increase rate was 100%, ranking first in the test. The two-year average yield per mu was 548.1 kg, which was 12.5% higher than that of the control Mianmai 367, which was 487.4 kg per mu.
Later, the researcher team of Tang Yonglu of the Crop Research Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the researcher team of Liu Yubin of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out a series of cooperation in Xichang City and Huidong County through the introduction and integration of new varieties and new technologies to carry out wheat ultra-high yield research experiments and explore the technical ways and key technologies for wheat yield breakthroughs in Panxi area.
It is understood that the current wheat planting area in Liangshan Prefecture is about 600,000 mu, and the land area suitable for planting dryland wheat in Huidong County is 78,000 mu--- and the research team of Tang Yonglu and Liu Yubin carried out high-yield research tests of new wheat varieties "Changmai 39" and "Changmai 30" in Datun Village, Jiangzhou Town, Huidong County. The experiment was sown on October 24, 2023 with a wheat wide precision seeder, with a row spacing of 23 cm and a basic seedling of 247,000. Liu Yubin believes that the "Changmai 39" variety has the characteristics of drought tolerance and heat tolerance, and its straight flag leaf angle is conducive to photosynthesis, compact plant type is conducive to improving the ecological panicle capacity, the plant is short and lodging resistant, the root system is developed, it is helpful to absorb water and nutrients, and it has created a foundation for high yield.
Tang Yonglu, a post scientist of the national wheat industry technology system and a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that we use advanced varieties to support the use of precision sowing technology, dense drought-resistant cultivation technology, and precise management technology, and the general number of ears increases by 350,000 (spikes), and the yield can be increased by one to two percent, and the precision sowing technology makes the seedlings evenly distributed, the panicle rate increases, and the number of ears increases by more than 15%. At the same time, precision management technology can coordinate the contradictions between groups and individuals, so that the wheat ears are plentiful and full. This is the key to achieving high yields of varieties. "If this set of intensive farming technology in Huidong is extended to our entire dryland wheat area, it will be able to raise the wheat yield level of our dryland wheat and even the whole province to a new level.
According to the data, the wheat yield in Sichuan in 2023 will be 300.3 kg per mu, an increase of 16.3 kg or 5.7% over the previous year. This is the first time that Sichuan's wheat yield has stood on the 300-kilogram level, a record high. The average yield of dryland wheat per mu in Huidong County, Liangshan Prefecture was 665.27 kg, setting a new record for dryland wheat yield in southwest wheat area.
Tang Yonglu said, "this yield is more than 2 times the average yield of Sichuan Province, indicating that the selected varieties are advanced, the technology used is excellent, the potential of dryland wheat is huge, the dryland wheat has achieved high yield, fully illustrating that high-quality varieties with drought-resistant and high-yield cultivation technology, Sichuan dryland wheat can also achieve high yield, which is of great significance to the improvement of wheat yield level in Sichuan Province." "Dryland wheat accounts for about 50 percent of the total wheat area in the southwest wheat region, and the yield has been very low, which has affected the overall production level. He suggested that the next step in the southwest wheat area should be to increase the promotion of drought-resistant and high-yield cultivation technology, and promote the overall yield level of dryland and the region to a new level.
Knowing such good news, the relevant person in charge of the Liangshan Prefecture Science and Technology Bureau is also very excited. He said that the breaking of the yield record of dryland wheat in Huidong County in southwest China is not only a vivid portrayal of the high-quality development of Liangshan Prefecture's agricultural industry, but also a strong proof of Liangshan Prefecture's science and technology to rejuvenate agriculture, indicating that Liangshan Prefecture is becoming increasingly capable of scientific and technological innovation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which is of far-reaching significance for Liangshan Prefecture to develop new quality productivity and promote the transformation of Liangshan from an agricultural state to a strong agricultural state.
The relevant person in charge of the Liangshan Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that next, the scientific research team of the Liangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences will expand the experimental demonstration and promotion of dryland wheat in the counties (cities) of the Anning River Basin, increase efforts to promote the research and development, maturation and demonstration application of supporting cultivation technologies, give full play to the potential of varieties, focus on the integrated demonstration of advanced new varieties and new technologies, increase the publicity of advanced varieties and advanced technologies, and go all out to promote the high-quality economic and social development of Liangshan Prefecture, and fully realize the construction of a higher level of 'Tianfu Granary Liangshan Area' in the new era Good start'. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee and Hui Dong Rong Media Center)