Wei Houkai: Rural Management and Peasant Modernization
Rural revitalization
★★★★★
When it comes to "rural management" or "rural management", I think it is more accurate to use the concept of "rural management". Because the concept of "operating the city" is easy to misunderstand people as simple real estate development, and the concept of "operating the countryside" is also easy to cause people to have a misunderstanding, because the concept of "operating the countryside" is easy to be misunderstood as only emphasizing the external subject, while ignoring the subjectivity of farmers, and it is also easy to be misunderstood as only emphasizing the development of the countryside, especially land development, so if from the perspective of scientific and accurate standards, the use of "rural management" is more accurate. The main body and mode of rural management are diversified, and in the early days, they were mainly village committees and collective economic organizations. In recent years, there have been more joint-stock economic cooperatives, rural companies, foreign enterprises, etc., but the government should also be involved, and the main task of the government in rural management is to formulate plans and regulations, optimize the rural environment, and improve rural governance policies. In my opinion, the key to the success of rural management is to give full play to the dominant position of the peasants, mobilize the active participation of the broad masses of peasants, and arouse the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the masses. 1. Pay attention to the main position of farmers In the process of rural management, if there is no active participation of the majority of farmers, ignoring the main position of farmers, we cannot form a sustainable endogenous development momentum, and simply rely on the promotion of external forces, which is not the rural management we really need. Rural management is the product of rural development to a certain stage, good rural management can fully tap the multiple functions of agriculture, the multiple value of the countryside, open up the channels of resources into capital, capital into wealth, can improve the efficiency of rural resource allocation, improve the rural environment in an all-round way, promote the increase of farmers' income through multiple channels, and promote the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas, so we say that rural management has many favorable aspects. Of course, a bad rural operation may also cause a series of negative effects, such as the destruction of the good ecology of the village, the destruction of the rural culture, the aggravation of the village's debt, and the waste of investment. What we need is a good rural operation and sustainable rural management. Second, in rural management, it is necessary to put the modernization of peasants in a more important position, and the overall goal of rural revitalization is the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Agricultural and rural modernization can be understood from different perspectives. Judging from the content, the modernization of agriculture and rural areas is a complex of the modernization of things, people, public services, and governance. In the past, we emphasized that accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas requires the overall design and promotion of agricultural modernization and rural modernization at the same time. This is our inclusion of peasant modernization in agriculture and rural modernization. If we give more prominence to human modernization, then we can think that agricultural and rural modernization is an organic whole in which agricultural modernization, rural modernization and peasant modernization are intertwined in the context of urban-rural integration, that is, the organic whole of "three modernizations and one integration" that we emphasize. At present, "three modernizations and one integration" has become a common feature of agricultural and rural modernization in developed countries, and from the perspective of the mainland, the current mainland has also entered the stage of "three modernizations and one integration" to promote agricultural and rural modernization, and has the basic conditions for the coordinated promotion of "three modernizations and one integration". Recently, we have established an index system to evaluate the process of agricultural and rural modernization in China according to the idea of "three modernizations and one integration", and the results of the evaluation show that the level of agricultural modernization is the highest, and the level of rural modernization and urban-rural integration development is in the middle, while the level of peasant modernization is the lowest, which lags behind agricultural modernization and rural modernization. Therefore, in order to promote the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, we must put the acceleration of peasant modernization in a more important position. Without the active participation of the vast number of farmers, without a group of professional, organized and knowledgeable professional farmers, and without the modernization of the vast number of farmers, it will be impossible to achieve high-quality rural management, and high-quality rural development will become an empty word. Peasant modernization is an all-round modernization of peasants' concepts, qualities, occupations, and lifestyles, including the modernization of rural residents, especially the agricultural working population, and the modernization of the agricultural transfer population. Modern rural management needs modern rural talents as a solid and powerful support, so the modernization of farmers is very important, which will provide a solid support for high-quality rural management. Third, in rural management, it is necessary to pay more attention to the construction of rural image and brandRural management is different from rural construction, and we must attach great importance to rural image design and image construction. First, it is necessary to give full play to the unique advantages of the countryside, fully tap the diverse value of the countryside, highlight the uniqueness of each village, clarify its unique functional positioning, and prevent "one side of a thousand villages". Second, it is necessary to create a good rural environment in an all-round way. In the past, we understood the rural environment in a narrow sense as the living environment, and I personally believe that the simple improvement of the rural living environment is far from enough, from the perspective of rural management, the rural environment should not only be livable but also suitable for business and tourism, and there should be a good business environment, and there should be an institutional arrangement and policy environment suitable for the growth of all kinds of talents. The third is to strengthen the publicity and promotion and brand building of the village. The village brand is a public good that needs to be built and maintained by everyone. It is necessary to implement the mutual promotion and benign interaction between the village brand and the enterprise brand. Fourth, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of place names and promote the action of famous villages. In recent years, the well-known rural actions promoted by the civil affairs system have played a very good role in promoting rural management and rural construction, and it is necessary to transform the famous rural actions from the actions of the civil affairs departments to the actions of the whole society. Fifth, we must build a community of interests for rural management. In rural management, all parties involved, such as enterprises, village collectives, cooperatives, farmers, etc., should form a community of interests for co-construction, sharing and co-governance, and at the same time strengthen the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, so that farmers can share more of the value-added benefits of rural management. The fundamental purpose of rural management is to improve the living and well-being of peasants. Sixth, it is necessary to adapt to the changing trend of rural population and prevent the waste of investment. By 2035, the mainland's urbanization rate will reach about 74 percent, and the permanent population of rural areas will drop to 365 million, and the number of villages will be reduced by at least 21 percent. By 2050, the mainland's urbanization rate will be close to 80 percent, and the permanent population of rural areas will be reduced to about 280 million, and the number of villages will be reduced by at least 38 percent. With the advancement of urbanization, the population and number of villages in the countryside will continue to decrease in the future, so the changes in the rural population should be considered in the operation of villages to avoid waste of investment in planning and construction.
[Wei Houkai: Member of the Chang'an Street Reading Club, Director of the Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]
Note: Authorized to publish, this article has been selected and included in the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform (People's Daily, People's Political Consultative Conference Daily, Beijing Daily, Chongqing Daily, Xinhuanet, CCTV, National Party Media Information Public Platform, Vision, Beijing Time, Surging Government Affairs, Phoenix News Client "Chang'an Street Reading Club" column synchronization), reprinting must be uniformly marked "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform source and author.
Editor-in-charge: Liu Xingyue; Preliminary review: Cheng Ziqian, Chen Jiani; Re-examiner: Li Yufan
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