A few days ago, Qingjiang Crane went to a remote township to run errands, and found that one of the "three wood" medicinal materials there ~ cork tree is the season of fresh harvest and initial processing.
The bark of the cork tree traded in the agricultural medicinal materials market is still "primary agricultural products", even if it is processed, it is also "primary processing", and the crusty spots on the outer skin are removed, and the medicinal part of the inner bark is more pure yellow as gold, which is very attractive.
Picture 01~02): Young shoots and fruits of the cork tree
In his spare time, Qingjiang Crane inquired from the medicine farmers about the purchase price of cork bark, which ranged from 6~6.5 yuan/city jin, that is, 12~13 yuan/kg. The medicine farmer said that as a fresh and wet cork bark, the purchase price is not bad.
In this issue, Qingjiang Crane will continue to pay attention to and chat with all the teachers about the related topics of "cork bark" of the "three woods" medicinal material, aiming to discuss the biological characteristics, medicinal efficacy and value of the yellow cedar tree, as well as the efficient cultivation method, and unveil the mystery of the bark of the yellow cypress tree as the "three woods" medicinal material for readers. I hope you like and actively participate in the interactive comments, forward and share the pictures and texts of this issue.
Picture 03~04): Adult cork tree
Regarding the high-quality and efficient planting of cork of "Sanmu" medicinal materials (eucommia, cork, magnolia), Qingjiang Crane's early graphic "This bark is 24 yuan/kg, don't treat it as a wild tree, 5 steps to get high-quality and high-yield cultivation" is a special graphic about the planting of cork, interested friends can climb the building to read and actively participate in the interaction, sharing different planting views.
The basic biological characteristics of the cork tree:
In the treasure trove of Chinese medicinal materials, the cork tree stands out for its unique medicinal value and biological characteristics. As one of the three wood medicinal materials, the yellow cypress tree not only occupies an important position in traditional medicine, but also shows broad application prospects in modern research.
Picture 05~06): The bark of the cork tree is used as medicine
Phellodendron amurense, also known as "barberry wood", "barberry bark" and "yellow barberry". There are Sichuan cork, Guan cork, and yellow cypress. It is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Rutaceae. The plant height in the field is about 10m~25m.
One of the most striking features of the cork is that the bark is grayish-brown to blackish-gray, with a thick cork layer, irregular reticulated longitudinal groove cracks, and a bright yellow inner color. The leaves of the cork tree are odd pinnate compound leaves, opposite or nearly alternate, the leaves are papery or leathery, and the surface is glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
The inflorescence of the cork tree is a terminal panicle, the flowers are small, yellow-green, and the flowering period is in late spring and early summer in April ~ May (two high mountain altitudes). The fruit is a berry-like drupe, nearly spherical, black-purple when ripe, and there are 1-2 seeds in September ~ October.
Picture 07~08): The inner bark of the cork tree is golden yellow
If you want to harvest seeds for propagation and seedling, you need to pick the seeds around the "frost fall" to the "beginning of winter" (the seeds change from green to black), and then pile up and ferment to remove impurities, and obtain net seeds to dry until they are ready for use in the spring of the following year.
The medicinal efficacy and value of the cork tree:
The medicinal value of the cork tree is mainly reflected in its bark, which is what we often call cork bark.
Image 09~10): The fruit of the cork tree
Under normal circumstances, the fresh bark of a 15~20-year-old cork tree can be sold for about 1,500 yuan at a daily price (about 6 yuan per catty). Of course, the purchase price of scraping the coarse bark except for the fresh bark (the initial processing fee is 1 yuan and 1 city catty), and the purchase price after drying is different.
The fresh cork skin is pure yellow, like gold. When the cork bark is circumferentially cut, the sap of the cork tree collected inside is also a shining "golden" color after forming particles, so the medicine farmers affectionately call the cork tree "golden tree".
Picture 11~12): Cork tree peeling
Phellodendron is cold in nature, bitter in taste, returns to the kidney and bladder meridians, and has the effect of clearing heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, and removing scorching and damp poison. In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, cork is often used to treat symptoms such as damp heat diarrhea, jaundice, athlete's foot, paralysis, bone steaming fever, night sweats, spermatozoa, sores, ulcers, swelling and poison, eczema itching and other symptoms.
"Materia Medica" contains: "The main heat sores blister, insect sores, dysentery, blood, moth-killing; Decoction, the Lord quenches thirst. ”
In addition, modern research has also found that Phellodendron has a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor, and has potential therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases.
Picture 13~14): The bark of the cork tree is used in medicine
High-quality and efficient cultivation techniques of cork trees:
In order to fully exploit the medicinal benefits of the cork tree, it is essential to achieve efficient cultivation. Here are some key cultivation strategies:
01) Choose the right planting location to cultivate cork trees:
The best suitable latitude for the growth and development of Phellodendron trees is between 23~26 degrees north latitude, and they like warm and humid, deep and fertile soil and rich organic matter content, sunny and well-drained slightly acidic loam environment for planting. The pH value of loam is between 6.0~7.5.
Picture 15~16): Newly processed cork bark
02) Reasonable fertilization in the field of cork trees:
In the process of planting cork trees, reasonable fertilization should be applied according to the growth needs of cork trees to ensure their normal growth and development.
In the seedling stage of Phellodendron tree (the first half of each year), nitrogen nutrition should be the main thing, so as to promote its rapid stem and leaf extraction and form a tree shape as soon as possible. In the second half of the year, the phellodendron tree should be appropriately supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the growth of its medicinal skin "quality". As much as possible to meet the various nutrients needed in the process of growth and development.
In order to improve the crop multicropping index, it can be interplanted with other dwarf stem medicinal herbs. For example, Coptis chinensis. The advantage of such intercropping is that it can make full use of warm and light resources and loam soil fertilizer and water, and can also reduce various weed damage.
Picture 17~18): Freshly harvested cork bark
03) Integrated pest control of P. chinensis in the field:
In the process of growth and development of yellow cypress trees in the field, there are few pests and diseases. Because the implants of the cork tree contain "berberine" and "corkine".
However, when the conditions for disease in the environment of its growth and development are mature, it can still suffer from various pests and diseases. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the integrated pest control of P. chinensis in the field to reduce the damage of P. phellodendron trees.
Picture 19~20): Cork bark after initial processing
Important attention is paid to powdery mildew, aphids, etc. on cork trees. You can use 800~1000 times of 60% ethylpyriphenol chlorothalonil mycloconazole wettable powder, or 800~1200 times of 60% ethylpyrophenoxoxystrobin flusilazole suspension agent, or 2500~3000 times of 60% uninmycinenazole and 2500~3000 times of 10% pymetrozine water dispersible granules or 10% pymetrozine water dispersible granules 10g/bucket of water or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules 8g~10g/bucket of water spray stems and leaves.
04) Scientific pruning of cork trees to promote growth and development:
Timely pruning of the trunk is carried out to maintain the beauty of the tree trunk, promote the upward growth and development of the cork tree and the thickening of the bark, and improve the yield and quality of the medicinal bark of the cork tree.
Picture 21~22): Pine bark to dry
05) Harvesting and primary processing of cork bark:
In general, when the yellow cyk tree grows to about 15~20 years, it is harvested when the bark is thickened and grayish-brown. When harvesting, it is necessary to dig up the roots and dig down the tree together, peel off the bark of the trunk and branches, scrape off the old bark, leave the inner layer of bark to dry or dry, and then slice it into medicine to be sold on the market.
Picture 23~24): The bark of the cork tree after the initial processing
Medicinal prospects of the cork tree:
As a precious Chinese medicinal material, Phellodendron has a wide range of medicinal value and broad market prospects.
By gaining an in-depth understanding of the biology, medicinal efficacy and value of the cork tree, as well as efficient cultivation strategies, we can better protect and utilize this precious natural resource and make greater contributions to human health.
Picture 25~26): Phellodendron primary product