General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on new quality productivity has further enriched and developed the Marxist theory of productivity, which is another major innovation in Xi Jinping's economic thought, and provides scientific guidance and fundamental compliance for opening up new fields and new tracks for development, shaping new development momentum and new advantages, and promoting and supporting the high-quality development of the mainland economy. At present, generative AI is giving birth to and leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. Carry out the "artificial intelligence +" action to build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness, and become an important engine for accelerating the cultivation and development of new quality productivity.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an important engine for the development of new quality productivity
In sharp contrast to the traditional productive forces, the new quality productivity is an advanced productive force born from the revolutionary breakthrough of technology, the innovative allocation of production factors, and the deep transformation and upgrading of industries.
With the integrated innovation of algorithms, computing power, and data, generative AI is becoming more and more mature, providing an inexhaustible driving force for improving the quality and efficiency of productivity factors. From the perspective of workers, the new generation of artificial intelligence can data-process the existing knowledge of human beings, simulate the way of thinking through massive data feeding and deep learning, and can learn knowledge far beyond the grasp of the human brain, and at the same time recombine and creatively use the information knowledge, so as to have the ability to create and use active and active knowledge, and form a variety of intelligent capabilities such as copywriting design, Wensheng pictures, Wensheng videos, and code generation, providing powerful auxiliary tools for human intellectual labor. Even in many fields, the significant advantage of "machine replacing man" has been formed, which provides an important impetus for improving the quality and skills of the labor force in an all-round way and improving the efficiency of intellectual labor. From the perspective of labor materials, artificial intelligence technology, as a "subversive, general, and universal", has given birth to more new production tools, which has transformed labor materials from the original material to virtual, greatly expanding the production space, further liberating laborers, and weakening the restrictions of natural conditions on production activities. From the perspective of labor objects, data has become an important labor object as a new factor of production, and artificial intelligence simplifies the production process into a process in which workers (humans/intelligent machines) intelligently process labor objects (data) through artificial intelligence technology. At the same time, artificial intelligence can greatly improve management efficiency and organizational efficiency, realize the intelligent and green process of economic activities, and provide a broad space for reducing costs and increasing efficiency for cultivating new quality productivity.
Artificial intelligence is a strategic technology leading the future, the core driving force of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the main position for the development of new quality productivity.
The first is to give birth to new industries, new formats and new models. At present, the mainland artificial intelligence industry has formed a new industrial chain with computing power and data as the upstream basic layer, a midstream technology layer with a large model platform as the core, and a downstream application layer oriented by various industrial scenarios, which has been widely used in many fields such as automatic translation, image recognition, natural language processing, and intelligent recommendation. In some industry verticals, the combination of AI technology and professional domain knowledge or experience has significantly improved production efficiency and industrial competitiveness. According to statistics, in 2023, the scale of the core industry of artificial intelligence in mainland China will reach 578.4 billion yuan, the enterprise adoption rate of generative artificial intelligence has reached 15%, and the market size is about 14.4 trillion yuan, which has reflected the vigorous vitality of new quality productivity.
The second is to accelerate the intelligent transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Artificial intelligence has been widely used in manufacturing, medical care, education, transportation, agriculture and other fields, and a number of new benchmarks for digital transformation have emerged, such as mining models, meteorological models, and transportation models, creating new products, services and business models, and promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the transformation of social and economic structures. At present, among the more than 2,500 digital workshops and smart factories that have been built in mainland China, the R&D cycle of factories transformed by AI has been shortened by about 20.7% and the production efficiency has been increased by about 34.8%.
The third is to help macroeconomic regulation and control. Artificial intelligence technology combined with scientific economic analysis algorithm models can deeply mine economic data, further grasp the economic operation situation, help improve the level of national economic monitoring, research and judgment and macroeconomic control, provide decision-making basis for macroeconomic regulation and control, industrial policy formulation and other development and reform work, and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the economy. At the same time, under the new situation of vigorously developing new quality productivity, the thinking concept and policy tools of macroeconomic regulation and control also need profound changes and innovations, and how to dispatch computing resources, data elements, and digital production capacity more scientifically and efficiently has become a new proposition for economic operation scheduling.
Empower the development of new quality productivity with the action of "artificial intelligence +".
The 2024 Government Work Report clearly proposes to deepen the R&D and application of big data and artificial intelligence, carry out the "artificial intelligence +" action, and build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. To this end, it is necessary to closely focus on the development direction of new quality productivity, give full play to the unique advantages of the mainland's ultra-large-scale market application scenarios, accelerate scientific and technological innovation in the field of artificial intelligence through data-driven, algorithm optimization, model innovation and other means, and cultivate new momentum for economic development with high-quality development and high-level application of artificial intelligence.
"Artificial Intelligence + Technological Innovation". The key core technology of artificial intelligence is the top priority for developing new quality productivity and seizing the strategic commanding heights, and it is also the focus of international scientific and technological competition. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the new national system, strengthen the basic theoretical research of artificial intelligence technology, focus on key core technologies such as general large models, accelerate the establishment of key common technology systems, and build industry-university-research innovation consortiums and new R&D institutions with extensive participation of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes, strive to achieve breakthroughs in key components such as computing power chips and high-bandwidth memory, accelerate the innovation and iteration of domestic large models, and promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain. Accelerate the realization of self-reliance and self-reliance in key core technologies of artificial intelligence.
"Artificial Intelligence + Industrial Development". Focusing on accelerating the cultivation of new quality productivity and building a modern industrial system, improving the industrial application ecology of "artificial intelligence +" in thousands of industries, giving full play to the role of artificial intelligence technology in promoting product innovation, industrial aggregation and application empowerment, expanding the breadth and depth of application in various fields of economy and society, actively promoting the industrialization of artificial intelligence technology, vigorously cultivating new products and services of artificial intelligence, promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence with secondary and tertiary industries, and building a development pattern of benign interaction between scientific and technological innovation and industrial application innovation. Orderly empowerment of key areas, strengthen the integrated development of artificial intelligence with emerging industries and future industries, promote the upgrading and transformation of the whole process, all factors and all links of traditional industrial manufacturing, and promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and the real economy.
"Artificial Intelligence + Introducing Intelligence and Cultivating Talents". According to the trend of artificial intelligence innovation and development, accelerate the construction of discipline systems and the optimization of talent training mechanisms, promote the construction of artificial intelligence-related majors in colleges and universities, and support large science and technology enterprises and education and training institutions to cultivate artificial intelligence application talents. Strengthen cooperation between industry, academia, research and research, and set up platforms such as R&D bases and internship bases. Strengthen the orderly flow and rational allocation of high-end AI talents, and explore the establishment of a differentiated, long-term, and diversified professional talent evaluation system. Open up the talent cycle of scientific research and innovation, transformation of scientific and technological achievements and industrial innovation. At the same time, we will build a platform for foreign exchanges, smooth the introduction channels, and improve the relevant services for talent introduction, so as to provide convenient conditions for the world's top AI talents to work and start businesses in China.
"Artificial Intelligence + Scientific Governance". The development of AI has brought with it a new set of ethical and governance challenges. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of an ethical framework in the field of artificial intelligence, promote the construction of comprehensive legislation and institutions on artificial intelligence at the national level, and form an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics. Improve regulatory means, and build an AI technology regulatory system based on risk levels and division of rights and responsibilities. Comprehensively strengthen the service management of the whole process before, during, and after the event, and complete and improve the working mechanism for the normalization of AI filing guidance and inclusive and prudential supervision. At the same time, guided by the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, we will strengthen global cooperation on AI governance, actively participate in the construction of international AI governance system rules and technical standards, deepen international cooperation in the field of AI regulation, jointly do a good job in risk prevention, promote global AI co-governance and sharing, and let AI innovation achievements benefit all mankind.
(The author is director of the Economic Operation Adjustment Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission)
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