Lead
Looking up at the sky from Earth, you can't see the other side of the moon.
And almost everywhere on the side of the moon with its back to the earth, there are craters, densely covered, and the terrain is also very precipitous.
Most of these craters were formed during a concentrated meteorite impact about 3.8-4.1 billion years ago, when the entire lunar surface was plunged into unusual turmoil.
So what influenced the terrain of these craters that made the far side of the moon so significant?
1. Dense craters on the far side of the moon.
In 1959, the former Soviet Union's Luna-3 spacecraft took its first photograph of the far side of the moon.
However, people were once blinded by the idea that the back side of the moon was actually similar to the front side.
After all, if the moon on the front is basically flat and covered by plain ground, then the terrain on the back side will naturally not be much worse.
But in the end, scientists analyzed the photos in detail and found that the terrain on the far side of the moon is incredibly different from the ground.
Various landform features that can be found on the front side of the moon, such as the Moon Sea, Moon Mountain, Moon Hill, and so on, will surprise the terrain features on the back.
About 40% of the area on the far side is highland, while only 22% of the area on the front side of the moon is highland.
Moreover, areas on the far side of the moon are also subject to frequent impacts, often forming craters.
These craters can also further interfere with plate activity on the Moon, resulting in very different fragmentation of the lunar crust.
The highland terrain on the far side of the moon is also relatively difficult to shape and modify, so these craters will retain their own shape.
Regions on the far side of the Moon that have more direct sunlight are more likely to cause moderate thermal expansion of the Moon.
The temperature in the area facing away from the sun is only a few degrees or even a few hundred degrees Celsius, and the temperature change is small and gradually decreases, so the surface of the far side of the moon will be colder and the outline is obvious.
When the surface of the Moon is subjected to a high temperature of about 1,400 degrees Celsius, the solidification rate of the lunar surface will slow down dramatically.
Therefore, meteorites encountered during the high temperature on the surface of the moon will be repeatedly engulfed by the boundaries of the crater, and it is difficult to form a distinct area.
These cold areas are mainly on the far side of the Moon, almost 40% of them.
2. Formation time.
To this day, the study of the moon is of great significance.
In order to seize control of outer space and to resist the US "Apollo" program, the Soviet Union carried out a series of lunar exploration missions.
Coincidentally, the Soviet Union's "Luna-3" lander successfully landed on the area on the front side of the moon and carried out a lot of field exploration work.
Therefore, the USSR decided to try to shoot at night and transmit the photos to the ground.
As a result, the photographs revealed that the far side of the moon was full of craters.
The success of the Soviet Union once again made the world powers more interested in the far side of the moon, so the United States planned to launch a probe to the far side of the moon in six years.
As a result, just as the mainland ushered in the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the United States successfully launched the "Meteor 3" probe to the far side of the moon.
The probe finally solved the technical problem of night shooting and successfully captured pictures of the far side of the moon.
In order to better understand the terrain on the far side of the moon, the United States installed a device called the "lunar surface vehicle" on the "Lightning" lunar lander.
This car can help them to carry out roving scientific research work on the far side of the moon and understand the characteristics of the terrain on the far side of the moon to the greatest extent.
So why are there more craters on the far side of the Moon than on the front?
When were these craters formed?
Six billion years ago, the solar system was still in the formative stage.
During this period, all the planets and moons in the solar system continued to grow rapidly.
This growth is often achieved by constantly absorbing the surrounding matter.
Many of the craters on the surface of planets and moons are ancient craters, and ancient craters also contain a rich material history of the universe.
These historical materials will have important reference value for the evolutionary history of the solar system.
The solar system has a large amount of material such as debris and meteoroids, and these materials are often caught in the gravitational pull of the planets and fall to the surface of the planets during the movement of the planets.
In addition, these debris and meteoroids will burn in space before falling on the surface of the planet, glowing, and some will explode into pieces.
The Moon is a celestial body very close to the Earth, so these materials often form debris craters and melt craters on the surface of the Moon as they fall from the Earth to the Moon.
Most craters are caused by falling meteoroids or small meteorite bodies falling to the surface, and to form large craters, a large number of debris or small meteorite bodies need to fall continuously.
3. Causes of the formation of the far side of the moon.
So why is there such a big difference between the craters on the back and front of the moon?
These craters are all formed by the constant impact of debris and meteorite bodies on the surface of the Moon.
And these meteorite bodies and debris may be large numbers of meteorites that have been thrown into space by the attraction of other planets, moons, and debris in the solar system.
These debris and meteorite bodies may come from outer space, or they may be debris and meteorite bodies produced by the impact of planets and moons in the solar system.
So what kind of celestial bodies in the solar system produce these debris and meteorite bodies?
In fact, there are many small celestial bodies and gravel bodies in the solar system, and these gravel and meteorite bodies are gradually gathering to form some relatively large celestial bodies.
For example, most of the craters on the moons of planets such as Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, which we already know very well, are formed by debris and meteorite bodies hitting the surface.
But most of the small objects and gravel bodies are found at the edge of the solar system, and there are mainly large quantities of gravel and meteorite bodies in Pluto's Kuiper Belt.
Pluto's Kuiper Belt is a circular astrolabe other than the known planets in the solar system, and this astrolabe is mainly composed of large amounts of ice, rocks, and various gravel of all kinds.
These debris and meteorite bodies are the result of the condensation of high-quality material formed in some of the earlier solar systems.
And these meteorites are also traces of the formation of the solar system, and they have been in the solar system for a very long time.
But in Pluto's Kuiper Belt, these gravel and meteorite bodies are very small objects, so they are very far apart, and most of them are isolated objects.
However, because in Pluto's Kuiper belt, there are a lot of substances with large masses.
These materials tend to be interfered with by the gravitational pull of the surrounding stars, and some of these objects may rush into the solar system after being interfered with by gravity.
4. Lunar surface exploration.
Once these objects enter the solar system, they may hit our moon, forming craters on the surface of the moon.
The far side of the Moon receives less thermal radiation from the Earth than the front side, so the rate of cooling and condensation is accelerated, which will speed up the formation of craters on the far side of the Moon.
Moreover, the far side of the moon is larger than the front side, so there is more space to store meteorites, and more meteorites can form relatively large craters.
Almost all planets and moons have their own unique formation and evolutionary trajectories, and these trajectories and processes are often different.
The difference between them comes from the difference in the external factors to which these stars in the solar system are subjected.
There are also many craters on the far side of the moon that formed in the early days of the solar system, and they are always part of the traces of the formation of the solar system.
These traces will have important reference value for us to unravel the early history of the solar system, and may also have an important impact on unraveling the history of the formation of the earth.
So what are the unknown secrets of the far side of the moon?
This requires us to use more modern detection technology and better scientific researchers to carry out more field exploration missions and make more contributions to solving this mystery.
The craters and steep terrain on the far side of the moon also provide many valuable research objects for these missions.
epilogue
There are many differences between the far side and the front side of the Moon, and these differences also provide important clues for us to solve the mysteries of the solar system.
The study of the differences between different regions in the solar system has an important enlightening effect on our study of the evolution of planets and the origin of the universe.