征 · [zhēng]
征 [zhēng], the glyphs of the oracle bone inscription and the golden inscription are both huiyi and morphophonetic characters composed of "彳" and "正". The mouth or dot above the word "zheng" is the provincial form of "yi", which means the city. Therefore, the original meaning of "conquest" is to conquer the cities of other countries. The glyph of Qin Seal changed the meaning symbol "彳" to "辵/辶", and "Shuowen Jiezi" is based on this.
Speak the text of the word
"Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhi Bu"
: Righteousness. From the sign of righteousness. levy, or from 彳.
Duan Yu's note: "Interpretation" and "Mao Biography" both say: Zheng, Xing. Perhaps it is differentiated, the levy is the right line, and the right line is the long way. The shape of the sound package will be meaningful. By extension, conquest.
徵 · [zhēng/zhǐ]
徵 [zhēng/zhǐ], the glyph of the oracle bone script is a huiyi character composed of a hand and a foot, and some characters only have hands and no feet. The glyph of Jin Wen has changed to a huiyi character composed of 彳, 止, and 長, which means that the elder is greeting and should hurry up. The middle of the glyph of the seal script was added under the length
(pronounced ting), which means an elder standing on an earthen platform or step. On the right, a 攴 has been added to indicate the meaning of urging.
Speak the text of the word
"Saying Wen Jiezi Renbu" signs: Summoning. From the micro province, it is a sign. Those who practice in the subtle and literate are recruited. Duan Yu's note: Summoner, call also. Press: Applicant, testimonial, test. There is evidence, there is inspiration, there is inspiration, and things are done, so the note of "Shi Duyi" and the note of "Etiquette" also say: Sign, success.
Selected Readings
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Xiqiang": On the order of conscription, the congregation was conscripted."
The usage of "sign" and "sign" here can be seen clearly. Conscription is the use of "levy", and conscription is the use of "levy".
"Zhou Yi Qian Hexagram I 6: Ming Qian, use the Xingshi to conquer the country."
Ming humble, that is, to show people with humility. This is conducive to sending troops to conquer those who do not obey. From here, we can see the original meaning of the word "Zheng". Conquest is the conquest of other nations through brutal military campaigns, but under the cloak of hypocrisy.
"The Book of Poetry, the Wind and the Broken Axe": Zhou Gongdong Zheng, the Four Kingdoms are the emperor (Kuangzheng). …… Zhou Gongdong Zheng, the four countries are 吪 (probation). ...... Zhou Gongdong Zheng, the four kingdoms are 遒 (strong). ”
In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the three eunuchs rebelled. The Duke of Zhou accompanied King Cheng on his expedition to the East, and the rebellion was put down three years later. The "Four Kingdoms" here refer to Guan, Cai, Huo and Yin Shang.
"Shangshu Zhongyu's Words": It is Ge Bo's hatred, and the first expedition is from Ge. Eastern Expedition, Western Resentment; The southern expedition, the northern Di resentment, said: "Xi (why) is the only queen?" The people of Yu (past) celebrated with each other, saying, "After waiting (waiting) to give, then come to the Su (rescue)." The Dai merchants of the people are only old! ”
The ruins of the ancient Ge country are in Ningling, Henan, and they are the descendants of Boyi, surnamed Ying. Ge Bo himself did not sacrifice, but also intercepted the people sent by Shang Tang to deliver food, and even killed a child who delivered food. That's why it's said that "Ge Bo is hateful".
"Shangshu Zhongyu's Words" tells the story of a story about the people of Ge who hoped to be conquered by Shang Tang. Shang Tang and Xia Ji started from Ge because of this incident. Shang Tang went east to conquer, and the Yi people in the west complained about him; Shang Tang went south to conquer, and the Di people in the north complained about him.
Say, "Why are you putting us behind?" In the conquered countries, the people are celebrating at home, saying, "We have been waiting for a long time, and now we are saved!" Mencius also repeatedly mentioned this matter in "King Hui of Liang" and "Teng Wengong". It is said that the people hope that the righteous army will come to conquer, just like they hope for rain in a great drought, hoping to be saved from the misery as soon as possible.
"Mencius: King Hui of Liang": "Shu" says: 'Tang Yizheng, starting from Ge'." ...... The people's hope, if the hope of the great drought is cloudy. There are more than those who return to the market, and the cultivators do not change.
"Mencius Tengwen Gongxia": "The book" says: "Ge Bo is revenge." That's right. For the murder of a child, everyone in the four seas said: 'If you are not rich in the world, you will also avenge your husband and wife.'" "Tang Shi Zheng, since Ge Zai", eleven expeditions and invincible in the world. ”
People all over the world said: "Shang Tang's conquest of Ge Bo is not to covet the wealth of the world, but to avenge the common people." "Shang Tang's campaign began in Gedi, and he was invincible in the world eleven times.
"Mencius: King Hui of Liang": The upper and lower hands are levied for profit and the country is in danger."
The word "sign" here means to contend. If there is a competition between the top and bottom for the sake of each other, then the country is in danger.
"The Records of Etiquette and the Imperial System": The ancients, the public land, borrowed (helped) and not taxed. City, 廛 (shop) and not tax. off, raft (cross-examination) and not levy. ”
"Levy" here means to levy taxes. In ancient times, those who assisted in cultivating the public land no longer collected land taxes. Commercial tax is no longer levied on those who rent public shops in the bazaar; All local checkpoints, large and small, are only responsible for inspections and do not collect customs duties.
"Xunzi Rich Country": The endowment of light fields, the levy of Pingguan City, the number of provincial merchants, the forced labor of Hanxing, and the time when there is no seizure of agriculture, if so, the country is rich. The husband is said to be the government and the people. ...... This world is not the same: thick knives and cloths are collected to seize wealth; Heavy the endowment of the field, to take the food; It is difficult to pass the siege of the city. ”
Reducing taxes on the fields, exempting the checkpoints from the bazaars, reducing the number of merchants, reducing forced labor, and not encroaching on agricultural time, the country will be rich and strong. This is called relying on policies to make people rich. The current way of the world is to increase the accumulation of money and the looting of money; increased land taxes and plundered grain; Taxes at checkpoints and bazaars were increased to make it difficult for them to trade.
Idiom allusions
No sign or no trust
What cannot be verified without evidence cannot be believed.
"The Book of Rites: The Mean": Although the superior is good and has no levy, he does not believe in it, and he does not believe in the people; Although those who are subordinate are good and disrespectful, they do not respect and do not believe, and they do not believe in the people. ”
Believe and sign
Faith is indeed credible. Yes and there is evidence.
"The Eighth Year of Zhao Gong in the Spring and Autumn Period": The words of a gentleman are believed and signed, so the resentment is far away from him, and the words of the villain are arrogant and have no signs, so the resentment is involved."
There is no sign of the Song Dynasty
The information is insufficient to prove it. There is a lack of evidence for things. Later, he called the lack of evidence for the matter "Qi Song Wu Zheng".
"The Analects of the Eight Hundreds": Zi said: "Xia Li, I can say it, but it is not enough to sign; Yin Li, I can say, Song is not enough. If the literature is insufficient, it is enough for me to recruit it." ”
Confucius said: Although I can say the rites of the Xia Dynasty, it is not enough to prove it by relying on the Qi Kingdom alone; I can also say the rites of the Shang Dynasty, but the Song Kingdom alone is not enough to prove it. This is due to the lack of literature. If there is enough literature, I will be able to prove it.