Abstract: In 2020, the export of mainland weighing products has achieved good results, with a total export value of 1.908 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 31.4%. In 2022, the total import and export volume of China's weighing products will be 2.138 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 16.94%. Among them, the total export value was 1.946 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 17.70%, and the total import value was 192 million US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.28%. Imports and exports offset, and the trade surplus of weighing products was 1.754 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 18.61%.
1. Definitions and Classification
Scales are an important part of measuring instruments. In the past, people called metrology weights and measures. The so-called degree refers to the use of rulers (such as bone rulers, tooth rulers in ancient times, and bamboo rulers, wooden rulers, tape rulers, steel rulers, etc., which gradually came out later) to measure the length of objects; The so-called quantity refers to the measurement of the volume of an object with containers (such as the ancient He, L, Bucket, Hu and later used measuring barrels, measuring cups, etc.); Weighing refers to measuring the weight of an object. The classification of weighing products, the classification of weighing products in the history of the mainland is based on the structure and use of the scale and the name of the class, which is divided into three categories, namely rod scales, mechanical scales and electronic scales.
Second, industry policies
Weighing products are widely used in various fields such as household, commerce, industry, agriculture, foreign trade, transportation, health care, national defense construction and scientific research. The main policies affecting the development of the industry in China are: according to the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Light Industry" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments, it is proposed that "dynamic electronic scales, intelligent scales, wireless force and load cells, dynamic mass measurement technology, etc." will be listed as key technology research and development projects. The "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Reliability of the Manufacturing Industry" proposes to strengthen the research on key measurement and testing technologies and measurement methods, increase the application of measurement errors and measurement uncertainty and other basic measurement theories in the reliability of the manufacturing industry, and provide measurement and testing services for the whole industry chain and the whole life cycle for the improvement of manufacturing reliability.
Third, the development process
Heng should have begun at the end of the primitive society, according to historical records more than 4,000 years ago, when there was an exchange of goods, but the measurement method is to rely on the eyes and hands; As a weight measuring instrument, the weighing instrument first appeared in the Xia Dynasty in the mainland; The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period have mastered the principle of leverage, and in the middle of the Warring States Period, balances and weights have been widely used to weigh gold in the Chuzhong area, but the measurement standards are different for a long period of time, and it is relatively chaotic, until after the Qin Dynasty unified the world, in the 26th year of Qin Shi Huang, the Shang Dynasty Reform Law (221 BC) was implemented, and the weights and measures standards were unified; During the Song Dynasty, scales with an accuracy of 1 centimeter (40 mg) appeared, indicating that the weighing instruments at that time had a considerable technical level. However, the scale was 'consistent for thousands of years' in the mainland, and it was not until the early 20th century that foreigners brought metal scales to the mainland. It is recorded that in 1918 a workshop for repairing foreign bench scales appeared on the mainland. The continental weighing instrument industry has gone through four stages of development.
Fourth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the weighing instrument industry is mainly the steel industry, electronic components and sensors, industrial computers, printers, high-speed railings, vehicle separators, radio frequency cards, IC cards, etc. In recent years, the price of steel and other major raw materials has fluctuated greatly, especially the price changes of special steel plates with certain requirements for working conditions such as use temperature and working conditions have greatly affected the overall production cost of the industry. In general, the trend of price changes of various special steel plates will affect the average profit margin of the weighing instrument industry.
Weighing products are terminal consumer goods, which are directly used in people's daily life and trade measurement and other activities. Manufacturing enterprises in the industry generally achieve product sales through distributors, supermarkets, e-commerce websites and other platforms. Therefore, the terminal circulation market is the downstream industry of the industry. In recent years, the mainland government has continuously introduced policies to encourage domestic demand and support the development of the terminal circulation market. The efficiency and rapidity of the terminal circulation market will further promote the development of the weighing industry.
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