Manufacturing is too hard! I received a lot of highly educated resumes, but I couldn't find a senior technician

Relevant surveys show that 40% of the entire industrial workforce in Japan is a senior technician, while in Germany it is 50%, while in China the proportion is only 5%, and the more terrible fact is that 30 years ago, the proportion of senior technicians in China was 5%, which means that we have not built any technician training system at all.

For a long time, China's manufacturing has been in a barbaric era, business owners have interpreted the efficiency of the assembly line to the extreme, and workers have gradually degenerated into a machine or a sledgehammer, but now, this extreme of the assembly line has encountered a bottleneck, young people are more and more disgusted to enter the factory, monotonous work is gradually replaced by robots and AI, in this context, we deeply feel the importance of "senior technician".

The senior mechanic known as the "gray collar" is much worse

In western developed countries, senior technicians account for more than 35% of the total number of technicians, while among the 70 million technicians in the mainland, senior technicians who can be called "gray collar" account for only 5%. According to the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", this proportion should reach 15%, so the gap at that time was 7 million!

According to statistics, the proportion of senior technicians among workers in western developed countries has increased to 40 percent, while the mainland still hovers at a low level of 5 percent.

According to a 2013 McKinsey & Company report, by 2020, Chinese employers will need 142 million highly skilled workers with higher education, and China will face a shortage of 24 million if workers are not further skilled.

According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security at the end of 2014, among the 157 million skilled workers in the mainland, only 41.365 million were highly skilled workers, accounting for 26.3%.

A mechanic of "humble status".

Technicians, especially senior technicians, have high requirements for the basic quality of people, and cannot only rely on talent to complete the work, they need to hone for a long time, which is a very big challenge to skills, mentality, personality and environment. For example, some machining departments need to deal with machinery all year round, the environment smells great, hot in summer, cold in winter, and prone to industrial accidents, because of this, the workshop is easy to cold.

Second, the lack of presence of Chinese technicians, the most important thing is the institutional culture, because of the imperfection of the system, the Chinese's investment concept is short, flat and fast. In this mentality, the whole society is advocating hot money, fast money, and hope to get a life in one fell swoop, in such an environment, the presence of mechanics is too low, and the society will not give them due respect.

Chinese youth who "choose colleges and universities, abandon technical schools".

According to the latest data released by the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Education, in 2017, there were 26.958 million college students in the country, 7.95 million fresh college graduates, 7.486 million undergraduate and junior college students, and a total of 195.93 million people with university education in the country.

However, in the value ranking of most people, technical education is still the second best choice compared to academic education. As a result, under the screening mechanism of college admissions, most of the high-scoring candidates are "taken into the arms" of colleges and universities, and students who cannot be admitted to the university have to choose to study in technical schools.

With the expansion of university enrollment, the quality of students in technical schools is getting worse and worse, which will affect the quantity and quality of China's senior technicians in 10 or 20 years.

Ordinary people are difficult to enjoy the pleasure of "product sublimation in the hands", they enjoy the pleasure of robbing other people's girlfriends, so as you can see, schools, small and medium-sized enterprises do not respect the training of senior technicians, in the examination education, students focus on written instruction and examinations, hard memorization concepts, strong memorization formulas, risky examinations constitute the whole life of China's technical schools, as for the actual operation or experimental demonstration, most of the schools are perfunctory due to financial constraints, you must know that the years in universities and technical schools are the most precious time in life, The desire to learn, energy, and curiosity are the most vigorous, but we are generously and unconsciously wasting this good life, without building our own knowledge and skill system, it is no wonder that it is more difficult for college students to find a job than God.

There is a lack of inheritance mechanism for technicians in mainland enterprises

The environment of the school is not ideal, at least simple, and some rotten enterprises are even more ruined tirelessly, in fact, many Chinese enterprises respect the culture of "the laborer governs the person, the laborer governs the person", the people who study technology often do not get the appreciation of the system, and the salary is far behind the manager, and the more deformed situation is that the Chinese enterprises have always had serious internal friction, and many "laborers" do not put their minds on "educating people", but on "people playing with people", and do not know how to creatively develop profits. You can only stare at the inherent profits to fight for the blood, and finally end up with a bruise, the growth trajectory of the technician is in conflict with this institutional culture, there is no sense of existence is a reasonable thing, since there is no sense of existence, can not get the respect of the society, who is willing to calm down to study technology, Chinese technicians gradually withdrew from the center stage.

In fact, through technical education, it is also possible to achieve a decent life and success in life.

"There are a lot of universities in China now, and what China lacks now is not universities, research institutes, or doctoral students, but more good vocational and technical schools. Not every student is willing to go to university, not every student can be admitted to university, and being admitted to university is not necessarily useful to society, there are 1.4 billion people in China, and many people need to go to vocational and technical schools to learn skills that can directly serve society. ”

The above passage is from Jack Ma's speech at the Alibaba Technology Poverty Alleviation Conference held at Hebei Normal University.

Technicians, especially senior technicians, have high requirements for the basic quality of people, and can not only rely on talent to complete the work, need to work hard for a long time, and are very big challenges in skills, mentality, character, and environment, such as some machining departments need to deal with machinery all year round, the smell of the environment is large, hot in summer, cold in winter, and prone to industrial accidents, more and more young people would rather squat in the office to code words, rather than try to learn related skills, not to mention what to overcome technical barriers, More importantly, in today's increasingly impetuous environment, even if some people are determined to seek technological breakthroughs, it is difficult to ignore the temptations of the outside world.

The road of craftsmen is long

Science and technology is the primary productive force, this is the truth that has been tested in practice, eternal unchanged, Chinese society, enterprises, schools deprived of the sense of existence of technicians, will eventually be retaliated, this retaliation is reflected in the low product premium rate, high turnover rate, sales difficulties, business operations are unsustainable, etc., which is why China began to find the road of craftsmen again.

There is a huge shortage of senior technicians in China's manufacturing industry, and it should be said that all manufacturing enterprises need senior technicians. But we must give a definition of senior technician: a professional and skilled worker with a skill. "A skill" and "specialty" are "specialists", not the kind of "generalists" who can jump ship by virtue of famous universities and higher education. Most generalists tend to know a little bit about everything, but they don't know a lot about anything. It is very urgent for enterprises to seek talents, but there are not many training institutions that provide "professionals". There is still a long way to go in the cultivation of craftsmen in China!

Liang Weihao, a deputy to the National People's Congress, has a proposal on the cultivation of "craftsman" manufacturing talents. After so many years in the manufacturing industry, Liang Weihao deeply feels the importance of cultivating a group of high-level "Chinese craftsmen". "Looking at the domestic manufacturing enterprises, there are many assembly line workers and few middle and senior technicians." Liang Weihao said that at present, the mainland's vocational education and enterprise needs cannot be connected, and there is still a big gap between the output of talents and the requirements of economic and social development.

"The transformation of the manufacturing industry in the future will provide new momentum for the development of China's economy." To this end, Liang Weihao suggested that we should innovate the training model of domestic manufacturing talents, strengthen the integration between vocational education and industrial demand, improve the system of on-the-job promotion and training, explore and build a new system of "craftsman" manufacturing talent training, and provide new force for accelerating the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of China's manufacturing.

Liang Weihao suggested that we should increase investment in the development of vocational education, strengthen the people's recognition of vocational education, and fully mobilize social forces to participate in the construction of vocational education.

"The modern apprenticeship system in manufacturing powerhouses such as Germany and Switzerland is worth learning from." Liang Weihao said that excellent enterprise employees should be allowed to teach students "mentoring and apprenticeship" by hand. At the same time, we should further increase the breadth and depth of school-enterprise cooperation, promote the joint training of talents between manufacturing enterprises and vocational education colleges, vocational education colleges can rely on the existing professional teaching foundation, joint enterprises to carry out "order-based" talent training, for the human resource gap of enterprises to carry out counterpart training, through the school-enterprise co-construction of teaching ecology and other pilots.

It takes time to precipitate from workers to craftsmen, Liang Weihao said: "After I go back, I must continue to start from me, and the training for employees can be more, and the 'output' of craftsmen can also be more." ”

The State Council issued the "Decision on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education", and the "craftsman spirit" was also written into the "Government Work Report".