May 12, 2024
It is the 16th National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day
This year's theme is:
"Everyone talks about safety, and everyone knows how to respond to emergencies -
Strive to improve the ability of grassroots disaster prevention and risk avoidance"
The basic water conditions of the mainland have always been
Summer floods and winter dryness, lack of abundance in the north and south
The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is extremely uneven
Floods and droughts are frequent, frequent and recurring
The Ministry of Water Resources has thoroughly implemented it
General Secretary Xi Jinping's "Two Insistences and Three Changes"
The concept of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief
Actively adapt to the frequent occurrence of extreme floods and droughts
Strive to build and improve the "three systems" of flood and drought disaster prevention
Deterministic, systematic and forward-looking with defensive measures
Respond to and prevent the occurrence of flood and drought disasters
Randomness, suddenness, and catastrophic nature
Build a strong line of defense to ensure the safety of the people's lives and property
It is currently the flood season
Heavy rainfall occurred in many parts of the continent
How to escape from flash floods?
What to do in the event of urban waterlogging?
How to ensure your safety during typhoons?
Today
Let's follow along
Scientific disaster prevention, mitigation and risk avoidance
What is a flash flood
A flash flood is a sudden outbreak of a small area of mountain flood with great destructive power, with a large flow rate and a short process, but in fact, a flash flood is not only water, but also sediment, stones, branches, weeds, etc., which is very likely to be accompanied by landslides, collapses and mudslides. Since flash torrents usually contain a lot of sediment, rocks and other debris, they sometimes even look like mud.
What is urban waterlogging
Urban waterlogging refers to the phenomenon of heavy rainfall or continuous rainfall exceeding the drainage capacity of the town, resulting in water accumulation on the ground of the town. Generally, the depth of water accumulation reaches 15 cm to 20 cm, which will affect traffic and produce other disasters, which can be regarded as urban waterlogging.
Typhoons and the disasters they can cause
A typhoon is an intense weather system that occurs in the tropical oceans, and it is sometimes compared to an "air spinning top" as it rotates rapidly around its center while moving forward with the surrounding atmosphere like a vortex in a flowing river. Due to the large energy, the impact of typhoons on the places they go is also huge, often with the characteristics of strong suddenness and great destructive power, and it is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world.
Typhoon disasters are mainly caused before and after the landfall of typhoons. Direct disasters caused by typhoons are usually caused by three sources: high winds, heavy rain, and storm surges.
(1) Gale
Typhoon winds and the waves caused by them can throw the 10,000-ton giant ship into the air and break it, or push the giant ship inland; Hurricane-level winds are strong enough to damage or even destroy buildings, bridges, vehicles, etc. on land. The damage is even greater, especially in areas where buildings are not reinforced. High winds can also blow debris into the air, making the outdoor environment very dangerous.
(2) Rainstorm
Flooding caused by typhoons and rains is the most dangerous disaster because of its ferocity and devastating effect.
(3) Storm surge
The storm surge of a strong typhoon can raise the coastal water level by 5-6 meters, and in severe cases, it can cause the tide to overflow, the seawall to burst, wash away houses and various construction facilities, and inundate towns and farmland, causing a large number of casualties and property damage.
Secondary disasters caused by typhoons include landslides and mudslides caused by heavy rainfall.
I learned about flash floods, urban waterlogging, and typhoons
Let's learn together
Disaster warning and preparedness
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Be aware of the warning signs
When traveling during the flood season, it is necessary to develop the habit of paying attention to weather forecasts and flash flood warning information, plan your itinerary in advance, keep abreast of weather changes, and make protective preparations to ensure safety.
There are four levels of rainstorm warning signals, which are indicated by blue, yellow, orange and red.
Blue Rainstorm Warning Signal
Criteria: More than 50 mm of rain will fall in 12 hours, or more than 50 mm has been received and the rain is likely to continue.
Amber Warning Signal for Heavy Rain
Criteria: More than 50 mm of rain will fall within 6 hours, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rain is likely to continue.
Orange Rainstorm Warning Signal
Criterion: More than 50 mm of rain will fall within 3 hours, or more than 50 mm has been reached and the rain is likely to continue.
Red Rainstorm Warning Signal
Criteria: More than 100 mm of rain will fall within 3 hours, or more than 100 mm has been reached and the rain is likely to continue.
According to the magnitude of the flood and its development trend, the flood warning signal is divided into four levels from low to high, which are indicated by blue, yellow, orange and red in turn.
Blue Flood Warning Signal
Criteria: One of the following conditions is met
(1) The water level (flow) is close to the warning water level (flow);
(2) The return period of flood elements is close to 5 years.
Yellow Flood Warning Signal
Criteria: One of the following conditions is met
(1) The water level (flow) reaches or exceeds the warning water level (flow);
(2) The return period of flood elements reaches or exceeds 5 years.
Orange Flood Warning Signal
Criteria: One of the following conditions is met
(1) The water level (flow) reaches or exceeds the guaranteed water level (flow);
(2) The return period of flood elements reaches or exceeds 20 years.
Red Flood Warning Signal
Criteria: One of the following conditions is met
(1) The water level (flow) reaches or exceeds the highest water level (maximum flow) in history;
(2) The return period of flood elements reaches or exceeds 50 years.
There are four levels of typhoon warning signals, which are indicated by blue, yellow, orange and red.
Typhoon Blue Warning Signal
Indicates that it may be or has been affected by a tropical cyclone within 24 hours, with an average wind force of 6 or more along the coast or land, or gust of 8 or more and may continue.
Yellow Typhoon Warning Signal
Indicates that it may be or has been affected by a tropical cyclone within 24 hours, with an average wind force of 8 or more along the coast or land, or gusts of 10 or more and may continue.
Typhoon orange warning signal
Indicates that it may be or has been affected by a tropical cyclone within 12 hours, with an average wind force of 10 or more along the coast or land, or gusts of 12 or more and may continue.
Typhoon Red Warning Signal
Indicates that it may be or has been affected by a tropical cyclone within 6 hours, with an average wind force of 12 or more along the coast or land, or gusts of 14 or more and may continue.
What to do when the rainstorm comes
Actively pay attention to road condition information and avoid areas with standing water and poor traffic.
Pedestrians should not walk on the road with stagnant water when it rains, pay attention to observation, pay attention to roadside flood control safety warning signs, try to get close to buildings, do not go near places with whirlpools, and prevent falling into dangerous areas such as wells and pits where there are missing grates.
When walking, try to avoid light poles, power poles, transformers, power lines, iron railings and nearby trees and other objects that may be connected to electricity, so as to prevent electric shock after leakage caused by heavy rain; If a power line is found to have fallen into the water, it must be detoured and reported to the relevant authorities in time.
In the event of a heavy rainstorm, it is best to find a shelter to avoid the rain, which is the safest in the high-rise buildings in the city, and should be evacuated to the building in time, and try to avoid danger on the upper floors.
Do not take shelter from the rain under bridges and culverts, in tunnels, under big trees and transformers, and do not linger, watch, or watch the excitement on embankments and bridges and culverts.
What to do when a flash flood comes
When you are in a mountainous area, pay attention to the mountain and water potential, pay attention to the flash flood hazard signs and safe evacuation routes, and leave the danger zone as soon as possible.
To stay calm, quickly judge the scene environment, be sure to leave the low-lying area as soon as possible, find the nearest high ground, and choose favorable terrain to take shelter.
Maintain collective action with other stranded passengers, follow the instructions of the management staff, and do not act alone.
Under no circumstances should you easily wade across the river.
When a flash flood comes, immediately follow the warning information or run to the high slopes on both sides of the ditch, and do not run down the ditch.
The transfer should be quick and timely, and do not covet the property, so as not to delay the best time to avoid danger.
When evasion and evacuation fail, you should choose a safer location and wait for rescue, and constantly send distress signals to the outside world.
If you have been caught up in a flood, be sure to grab a fixed or floating object if possible.
If there are communication conditions, try to get in touch with the fire department, public security and other rescue departments as soon as possible, call 110, 119, 120 to request rescue, report their location and danger, and actively seek assistance.
What to do about urban waterlogging
Residents living in low-lying urban areas need to take containment measures in advance after receiving rainstorm warnings.
"Small encirclement" measures can be taken, such as building fences, placing water retaining plates at the gates, stacking earth ridges, and configuring small pumps. It is best to put sandbags on the outside of the threshold, which can be sacks, straw bags or cloth bags, plastic bags, stuffed with sand, dirt, gravel. If the flood water is expected to rise, sandbags should be piled up outside the window sill on the ground floor.
Once the outdoor water overflows into the house, it is necessary to cut off the power and air supply in the house in time, put the items that are easy to soak and damage to a high place, and try to take various measures to drain the water.
If the water in the house deepens, it is necessary to move in time and do not stay in the house to avoid danger to life.
If the indoor water level is too high to be transferred, and you need to actively call for help, you can call for help, call for help, call for help, call for help, tap for help, etc., and wait for rescue.
You can stock up on waterlogging prevention supplies at home, such as whistles, flashlights, life jackets and lifebuoys.
What to do when a typhoon comes
Listen, watch or check the typhoon warning information on the Internet in a timely manner to understand the government's anti-typhoon countermeasures.
If the building is not wind-resistant and rain-resistant, it should be moved in time.
Try to avoid going out in typhoon weather and be careful of falling objects.
Empty the balcony, put away clothes, close doors and windows, and fasten structures that are easily blown by the wind.
Reserve daily necessities in advance and stock up on food.
Check whether household circuits, stoves, gas and other facilities are safe; When the typhoon rain is severe, the power should be turned off in time.
When encountering a typhoon in the wild, be careful of landslides and fallen trees, and look for a place to take refuge as quickly as possible.
If you find that the high-voltage line tower is overturned, the power line is hanging low or broken, do not approach, let alone touch it with your hands, because this is very easy to cause electric shock accidents.
In case of disaster, call 119 and 120 for help, and at the same time move to an emergency shelter area to wait for rescue.
The picture comes from the Internet