Continuing with our "Shuowen Jiezi" course, this lesson will talk about the five Chinese characters in the "歺" section: "殫, 殬, 㱻, 㱯, 㱚". In modern Chinese, only "殫" is simplified to "殚", which is a common character in modern Chinese and is included in the "List of Common Characters of Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988.
1. 殫 (殚). Read dān. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "殚, 殛exhausted." From the beginning, singlely. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is the end.
Xu Kai's "Biography of the Literary Department": "Extremely exhausted. Shen Tao's "Examination of the Ancient Book of Sayings": "When the Song book is 'extreme'". This shows that in the Song Ben "Shuowen Jie Zi", it should be "extreme" here. That is, the exhaustion of the extreme.
Duan Yuju's "Commentary on the Text": "Exhaustively." Extreme, Xuan Ben is a martyr, mistaken. Gudo fake words for it. ”
"Zhuangzi Xun Zheng": "The holy law that destroys the world, and the people can discuss it." Cheng Xuanyingshu: "Oh, it's all right." That is, the law of the saints who completely destroyed the world, so that the people could talk about right and wrong and right and wrong. Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher Said": "Out of the land, exhaust the entry of the house." Cai Mengbi and others noted: "Oh, it's all right." That is to say: take all that is produced on their land, and take all the income of their families to pay their taxes (which is still not enough).
(Clay sculpture: all the tenants)
Bai Juyi's "Celinyi Cetou": "Thinking about it is extremely thoughtful, and it is the way to do everything in the way of the ministers!" "Exhaust all my thoughts, and do my duty as a courtier! This was later developed and refined into the idiom "exhaustion", which refers to exhausting one's energy and exhausting one's thoughts. For example, Zhuge Liang worked hard for the Shu Han regime, and finally did his best and died in Wuzhangyuan. The "殚" in the idiom uses its original meaning: extreme.
(Zhuge Liang in film and television dramas)
In addition to the original meaning, 殚 has other uses:
(1) Kill. "Erya Shimu": "魄, 榽橀 (xī xī). Jin Guopu notes: "The Qi people proverb said: 'Go up the mountain to cut sandalwood, and the coffin will die first.'" "Because the shape of the raft is similar to sandalwood, people mistakenly think that the raft is sandalwood and are cut down.
(2) Pass "scab". Intercalary; Disaster. Zhu Junsheng's "Saying Wen Tongxun Dingsheng Cadres": "Sorry, pretending to be a scumbag." "Huainanzi Lanming": "Kill the people of Ai, and kill most of them." Gao lure note: "Oh, sick too." ”
(3) "Fear". Fear; Afraid. Bangu's "Western Capital Fu": "The six divisions are expelled, and the beasts are horrible." ”
The small seal of 殚 is written as shown in the figure:
(殚小篆 writing)
2. Death. Read dù. The explanation given in "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" is: "Death, defeat." The Book of Commerce says: 'Yi Lun is dead. '" Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is corruption.
The "Book of Commerce" here refers to the Book of Zhou, Hongfan. This book "殬" is "斁". "Yi Lun is in danger" is that the common reason for governing the country is this corruption. This example is given here to clearly distinguish between "defeat" and "corruption". That is, this "corruption" refers to corruption, not "corruption."
(Mark Twain, The Man Who Ruined the Reputation of Hadleyburg)
The small seal of 殬 is written as follows:
(How to write the small seal)
3. Read luò. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "㱻, animal diseases also." From the beginning, from the loss. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is animal disease.
(Animal diseases)
There is a difference between human infectious diseases and animal infectious diseases in ancient Chinese. "Humans are called plagues, and animals are called terricity.
In addition to the original meaning, it is also borrowed to refer to disease. "Guangya Interpretation I": "㱻, sickness also." ""Collection Rhyme, Rhyme": "㱻, sick also." "There is no application example in the classics.
The small seal of the 㱻 is written as shown in the figure:
(㱻セロックトリック)
4. Read ái. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "㱯, kill the sheep out of its womb." From the sage, the sound of the pig. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is to kill a sheep and take the fetus.
Why do you kill sheep and take births? Wang Yun's "Reading Sentences and Sayings": "In ancient times, the fetus was a delicacy. "The ancients believed that the sheep fetus was a delicacy, so they did not wait for it to be produced, and directly killed the sheep to take out the sheep fetus.
(Pregnant sheep)
In fact, in traditional Chinese medicine, sheep fetus (referring to the placenta) is a traditional Chinese medicine, a great tonic, and modern sheep fetus or its extracts are also widely used in medical applications, of course, modern sheep will not kill sheep to take the fetus.
The small seal of the 㱯 is written as shown in the figure:
(㱯 small seal writing)
5. 㱚. Read cán. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "㱚, the surplus that birds and beasts eat." From the meat, from the meat. "Knowing the word. The original meaning is the leftover flesh and bones of birds and beasts.
(Leftover flesh and bones from beasts)
Although this character is a huiyi character, there is no Jiajin script in the current data, so it is impossible to demonstrate the evolution of its text. Therefore, we can only rely on the small seal glyphs, the bones, and the bones; Moon (meat), i.e. meat. The flesh on the bones, so the meat that the beasts eat is left.
The general understanding is that 㱚 is used with the same word "disabled". "Jade Chapter: Bad Department": "Remnant, or 㱚." The Great Chinese Dictionary also uses this expression.
It should be noted that the small seal glyph of this character, Duan Yu has made corrections, believing that the "moon" on the left side of the word 㱚 is not meat, but "moon", that is, the "moon" of the moon, which will be incomplete. Duan Yuci's "Commentary on the Text": "It is extended to the rest of all things. Where the remnants of the word should be used as 㱚. From the month. The moon is made of meat, and the seal body is made of [歺肉], which is today. Not all the beasts eat meat. The widow is also disabled. The moon is missing. ”
The statement of the paragraph note is that the remnants of the bones also make sense.
The small seal of 㱚 is written as shown in the figure:
(㱚ペルフィックトル�
([Shuowen Jiezi] No. 800, some pictures come from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)