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The National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Center issued a red warning for geomagnetic storms at 9 o'clock on the 11th:
Geomagnetic storms will occur from 23:00 on May 10, 2024, Beijing time, with the maximum level reaching the level of ultra-geomagnetic storms (Kp=9), and it is expected that the magnetic storm process will continue in the next 24 hours, and geomagnetic storms may still occur in the future.
Affected by geomagnetic storms:
- The ionosphere will be disturbed in most parts of the continent, and shortwave communication and navigation and positioning will be affected to varying degrees.
- A significant increase in the density of the upper atmosphere will lead to an increase in the orbital attenuation of low-orbit satellites.
- The National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Center will closely track the development of the event and release forecast and early warning information in a timely manner.
Since May, with the emergence of large sunspots on the sun's surface, the sun has continued to erupt violently, with 10 X-class flares and more than 60 M-class flares erupting in just one week, and the intensity and frequency of outbreaks are rare in history.
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What is a geomagnetic storm?
Geomagnetic storm refers to the coronal mass ejection produced by the solar eruption to reach the earth, and hundreds of millions of tons of plasma cloud impact the earth's magnetosphere, resulting in a strong disturbance of the entire magnetosphere that lasts for more than 10 hours to dozens of hours.
Geomagnetic storms can be classified into the following levels:
Why are the aurora borealis?
Aurora, in fact, is just a "by-product" of geomagnetic storms, after the coronal material carries the energy of the sun and meets the earth, part of it will enter the poles with the earth's magnetic field, and collide with the atmosphere at a height of 100 to 400 kilometers from the ground, the process of impact is accompanied by energy exchange, these energy are absorbed by the extranuclear electrons of atmospheric atoms and molecules, and then quickly released, and the result of release is to produce luminescence. Green and red aurora come from oxygen atoms, while purple and blue aurora tend to come from nitrogen atoms.
Why are the aurora seen on the mainland mostly red?
Most of the aurora is concentrated 90~400 kilometers above the Earth. According to the schematic map of human observation of the aurora drawn by China National Geographic magazine, it shows that:
- Above 300 km, the aurora is mainly light red;
- 200~300 km is mainly dark red;
- 100~200 km is mainly green;
- Below 100 km, it is blue, purple or a combination of colors.
Because the surface of the earth has a certain curvature, the earth itself will block some distant objects. If the observation point is too far away from the aurora, you will only see the red aurora at a higher altitude. As a result, most of the aurora seen in China is red, while in the Arctic Circle, it is mostly green.
▌Source: A set of CCTV WeChat public account (ID: CCTV-channel1) integrated CCTV news client, national early warning information release center
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