In the history of the Qing Dynasty, Li Wei was a special minister, Li Wei, as a Han Chinese, would generally pass the imperial examination to be promoted and reused, and Li Wei was not very literate, did not pass the imperial examination, but only by spending money to donate officials, and finally won the weight of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, was promoted to the governor of Zhejiang and the secretary of the military department, and was also praised by Yongzheng as his right-hand man.
Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was a son who liked to disagree with his father Yongzheng, and after the death of Yongzheng, Qianlong revised many policies in Yongzheng's new policy, and Yongzheng's important ministers such as Tian Wenjing, Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu were condemned in the Qianlong Dynasty. Tian Wenjing's tomb was inexplicably bulldozed by Qianlong, and was denounced by Qianlong as a "cool official"; After Ortai's death, he was involved in the literary prison, reprimanded by Qianlong, and was withdrawn from the Xian Liang Temple; Zhang Tingyu was ordered by Qianlong to raid his home, and died tragically in his hometown of Tongcheng, Anhui Province in his later years.
In fact, in comparison, Li Wei had a better ending than Tian Wenjing, Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu, and Qianlong still loved and reused Li Wei after succeeding to the throne, but Li Wei was also condemned by Qianlong after his death, and his son was killed by Qianlong, so why could Li Wei still make Qianlong unhappy after his death, and why was his son killed by Qianlong?
Li Wei, who was born as a donor, won Yongzheng's love and recognition for his conscientiousness, courage and responsibility
In the once popular historical dramas "Yongzheng Dynasty" and "Li Wei as an Official", Li Wei was portrayed as an image of a farmer's background, in fact, the real Li Wei's family background in history is not only not a flower, but can also be said to be a rich second-generation background.
Historically, Li Wei's family lived in Dashahe Town, Feng County, Xuzhou, and was a large local family, so Li Wei was born in the second generation of wealth. Although Li Wei's family is rich, his family belongs to a local tyrant family, and his ancestors have never produced bureaucrats and gentry.
But Li Wei didn't like to read since he was a child, even if his family's economic conditions were enough for him to study, but he just didn't like to study, and preferred to dance with knives and guns, so his cultural level could only know the basic common words. With Li Wei's cultural level, not to mention the liberal arts examination, he couldn't even pass the martial arts examination, so Li Wei's father didn't think about letting him be admitted to the official career.
Don't look at Li Weiwen as a martial artist, but he has a flexible mind since he was a child, he can understand many things at a glance, his emotional intelligence is still very high, and he is very good at things, so his father is not worried about him, just think about letting him take over the family business in the future.
But God still gave Li Wei the opportunity to become an official, Kangxi had a big deficit in the treasury in his later years, and he also caught up with the floods in the Jiangnan area for many years, and the imperial court had no financial resources to provide disaster relief, so the imperial court authorized the local rich families in the disaster area to join the court as officials as long as they took the initiative to donate, that is, they gave the rich people the opportunity to buy officials openly.
Li Wei's father decisively spent money to donate him an official from the fifth rank of the foreign officer, and in this way, Li Wei entered Beijing and reported to the military department to become a foreign officer.
In all dynasties, the official position of the outsider was an idle official, and it was basically donated by the rich, so in ancient times, the rich were also called outsiders.
After Li Wei arrived in the capital, he found that this official position was indeed very idle, there was no specific errand for which he was responsible, and he went to the office all day long to drink tea and talk about the mountains, and in the capital, this kind of official was soft-spoken, had no sense of existence, and no one could afford it. Therefore, Li Wei, who was young at the time, wanted to make a career, so he asked his family for a large sum of money, and spent money to dredge up the relationship, and his official position was raised to one level, and he was transferred to the post of Langzhong of the fifth product of the household department.
Generally, rich people who spend money to donate officials just want to mix up their official bodies, and most of these people who donate officials want to be idle officials, but Li Wei is different from them, he just wants to do some business, and the household department is a real power unit, in charge of the country's finances, and official affairs are relatively busy, which is exactly in line with Li Wei's ideas.
Li Wei was very dedicated and diligent in his work during his tenure in the household department, and he was a very competent official, and even dared to contradict the prince for official business.
In Kangxi's later years, the rule of officials was very corrupt, and there were many imperial relatives in the capital who took the lead in deficits, and many of the deficits in the household department were related to these imperial relatives, so many household officials were afraid of the imperial relatives and did not dare to enforce the law impartially against them.
Kangxi's tenth son Yinqi was the most headache for these household officials in the household department at that time, Yinqi was rude and unpopular in the court, but his matrilineal family was the descendant of the founding heroes of the Qing Dynasty, so Kangxi canonized him as the king of Dunjun, and the reward was also very rich, and he relied on the favor of his father Kangxi, and did things rampantly.
When a prince like Yinqi becomes an adult, he will be allocated mansions, fiefs and many properties by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and these royal relatives must have tenants to help them farm the land if they have fiefs, and they only need to collect rent from tenants. After these imperial relatives collect rent from tenants every year, the rent of the profit is paid to the household department in proportion, that is, the tax money handed over to the state.
According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, an additional ten taels of Pingku silver should be charged for every 1,000 taels of silver when paying taxes, and Pingku silver should have been paid by these princes and nobles who held fiefs, but in order to pay less money, he had people forcibly distribute the Pingku silver to the tenants, which seriously infringed on the rights and interests of the tenants.
The household department knows that Yinqi does this, but no one dares to care, Yinqi is notoriously arrogant and unreasonable, who dares to provoke him. At this time, Li Wei stood up, and Li Wei accused Yinqi of exploiting tenants in public, of course, Yinqi only treated Li Wei's words as a fart, and still went his own way.
Later, Li Wei thought of a way to cure Yinqi, he deliberately set up a box in the corridor of the Hubu bankhouse, which said "The king of Dunjun wins money", which made Yinqi very embarrassed, so Yinqi had to ask his subordinates to stop forcibly collecting Pingku silver from tenants.
Although he ensured the rights and interests of the tenants, he also offended Yinqi for this, and even made the bosses and colleagues of the household department respect him, so Li Wei once wanted to resign and return to his hometown.
However, Li Wei's behavior attracted the attention of another prince, this is Kangxi's thirteenth son Yinxiang, when Yinxiang lost Kangxi's love because of the abolition of the prince, and was no longer reused, but Yinxiang is also a person who dares to take responsibility and act seriously and responsibly, so he admires Li Wei's style very much, but he lost Kangxi's love and suffered from crane knee wind, so he can't be of much help to Li Wei in officialdom.
But with the death of Kangxi, Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, Yinxiang and Yongzheng had a close relationship, so Yinxiang was named Prince Yi by Yongzheng to be reused, Yongzheng was ready to implement a new policy at the beginning of the succession to reform the problem of Kangxi's later years, but because Yongzheng succeeded to the throne at the beginning of the unstable people, Yongzheng had no available people, Yinxiang timely recommended to Yongzheng to be serious and responsible in the household department but depressed Li Wei.
Previously, Yongzheng had also heard that Li Wei forced Yinqi to no longer collect Pingku silver, so as soon as Yinxiang recommended it, Yongzheng immediately boldly used Li Wei.
First Yongzheng promoted Li Wei to be the fourth grade of Yunnan salt post road man, in this position Li Wei once again relied on the work of serious and responsible, it only took one year to make Yunnan salt from the previous chaos into orderly, you must know that Yunnan's salt is one of the important economic income of the Qing Dynasty, Li Wei is so capable, Yongzheng is of course very happy, so he promoted Li Wei to be from the second grade of Yunnan political envoy also in charge of the salt post road.
In just over a year after Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, Li Wei was directly promoted from a fifth-grade Langzhong to a second-rank political envoy, which was so fast that it was staggering, and it also showed that Li Wei was indeed capable.
In less than a year, Li Wei was promoted from the political envoy of Yunnan to the governor of Zhejiang, and after being transferred to Zhejiang, Yongzheng soon let Li Wei concurrently serve as the salt envoy, or the government affairs and salt affairs on the shoulder.
The Qing Dynasty divided the country into more than a dozen salt areas, salt revenue is one of the main economic income of the Qing Dynasty, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Li Wei in Yunnan showed his ability to deal with salt politics, he is good at cracking down on illegal salt, and is very good at catching illegal salt dealers, so this is also where Yongzheng values him, Yongzheng hopes to use him to grasp the salt government, improve the treasury tax.
In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Li Wei not only improved the income of the salt administration, but also vigorously implemented the Yongzheng new policy in the jurisdiction to achieve results, so Yongzheng deliberately promoted Li Wei to the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and also let him concurrently serve as the governor of Zhejiang, fully responsible for the military and political affairs of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces.
After that, Fan Shiyi, the governor of Liangjiang, was unfavorable to arrest the anti-Qing and Ming Tiandihui in the Liangjiang area, which caused Yongzheng to have a very bad reputation in the Liangjiang area, so Yongzheng was very angry and removed Fan Shiyi's official position, and ordered Li Wei to concurrently serve as the governor of Liangjiang, and was fully responsible for exterminating the Tiandihui.
In order to exterminate the Heaven and Earth Society, Li Wei personally led troops to hunt down the members of the Heaven and Earth Society, and the Qing Dynasty martial artist was also the Jiangnan hero in the commentary, Gan Fengchi, who was captured by Li Wei himself. After Li Wei arrested Gan Fengchi, he dealt a heavy blow to the forces of the Heaven and Earth Society in the Jiangnan region, Li Wei not only cracked down on the forces of the Heaven and Earth Society in Jiangnan, but he also publicized Yongzheng's kindness among the people, and asked Yongzheng to resume the imperial examination in the Jiangnan region, which had been suspended due to the Lu Liuliang literary prison case.
It can be said that during Li Wei's reign in Jiangnan, he not only effectively cracked down on the anti-Qing forces Tiandihui, but also enhanced Yongzheng's prestige in the Jiangnan area, so Yongzheng became more and more important and fond of Li Wei, and Yongzheng even publicly called Li Wei, Ortai, and Tian Wenjing his right-hand men in the local area.
Li Wei was not afraid of the powerful and impartially enforced the law, which made Qianlong also very fond of him, but he was reprimanded by Qianlong after his death, and his eldest son was killed
After the death of Yongzheng, Qianlong succeeded to the throne, and at the beginning of the succession, Qianlong was okay with Ortai, Zhang Tingyu and other important ministers of the Yongzheng Dynasty, including Li Wei.
Especially during Li Wei's tenure as an official in the Jiangnan region, he was able to be a scholar with courtesy, and he was also an honest official, and his reputation among the people was very high, so after Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he favored Li Wei undiminished, first let him be transferred to the governor of Zhili and the governor of the river, and then added him the title of secretary of the criminal department, it can be said that Li Wei's powerful position in the Qianlong Dynasty has basically not changed.
And Li Wei in the Qianlong period, but also dared to do justice for the people of Zhili, he impeached Kangxi's third son, Prince Cheng Yinzhi's palace guard Cook for encroaching on people's land.
At that time, Qianlong was in the period when Qianlong won the hearts of the royal family, Yinzhi was imprisoned by Yongzheng to death because of his participation in the competition for the throne, Qianlong immediately announced Yinzhi's innocence after succeeding to the throne, and gave Yinzhi the nickname "hidden", and appeased Prince Cheng's family. And Li Wei's impeachment of the guards of Prince Cheng's palace at this moment is tantamount to working against Qianlong.
However, Li Wei is very good at making trouble, he knows that Qianlong wants to appease Prince Cheng's family, so he deliberately expressed his attitude in the impeachment recital, listing evidence to prove that Cook's encroachment on people's land is purely personal and has nothing to do with Prince Cheng's mansion, and also requires Qianlong to take into account the reputation of Prince Cheng's mansion, severely punish Cook, and calm down public grievances.
It can be seen from this twist and turn that Li Wei is very good at doing things, he first cleared up the relationship between Prince Cheng's Mansion in the incident of encroaching on Mintian, and then told Qianlong to severely punish the guard Cook who encroached on Mintian in order to better protect the reputation of Prince Cheng's Mansion, it can be said that Li Wei thought of it, so Qianlong severely punished Cook, and Prince Cheng's family was also quite grateful to Li Wei.
After that, Li Wei also impeached Zhu Zao, the governor of the river, for embezzling public funds, causing the river project to become a tofu scum project, and finally Zhu Zao and his younger brother Zhu Yu were killed.
Li Wei was also called "Li Qingtian" by the people because of these two cases of impartially enforcing the law without fear of the powerful, and Li Wei's official reputation among the people is very good, which is also the reason why Qianlong can't move him and continues to be kind to him.
In the third year of Qianlong (1738), Li Wei died at the age of 51. When he was seriously ill, Qianlong also visited him at his home in person, which showed that he was still very good to him.
After Li Wei's death, Qianlong gave him the nickname "Minda", this nickname is very appropriate, although Li Wei did not read and write much in his life, but he really achieved "the insight into the world is knowledge, and the practice of human feelings is the article", Li Wei's life is regarded as the insight into the world, and the practice of human feelings has reached the peak.
But even so, Li Wei did not escape being reprimanded by Qianlong like Tian Wenjing after his death, of course, Li Wei was reprimanded by Qianlong after his death and had something to do with his son.
Li Wei has a total of five sons in his life, namely the eldest son Li Xingyuan, the second son Li Xingju, the third son Li Xingcan, the fourth son Li Xingsu, and the fifth son Li Xingfu.
Li Xingyuan, like Li Wei, likes to dance with guns and sticks since he was a child, so Li Wei trained him according to the military generals, and later he was admitted to the martial arts examination and was awarded the position of second-class guard of the fourth grade.
In the early days of Qianlong, Li Xingyuan actively joined the army and participated in many battles, and was awarded the title of chief soldier of Youjiang Town, Guangxi by virtue of his military exploits. However, Li Wei was an honest official all his life, but Li Xingyuan was a shame for his father Li Wei, who was greedy for money and deducted military salaries during his tenure and became an out-and-out corrupt official.
Later, Li Xingyuan's greed for military salaries was poked out, and he was impeached by the imperial history, Qianlong sent Li Shuyao, the governor of Liangguang, to investigate, Li Shuyao was a famous general in the early days of Qianlong, and he was also the main general who took Li Xingyuan to the battlefield.
As a result, Qianlong knew about this matter, Qianlong thought that Li Shuyao had formed a party for personal gain, and what he hated most was to form a party for personal gain, so he not only dismissed Li Shuyao from the post of governor of Liangguang, but also angrily gave Li Xingyuan to death.
Soon after Li Xingyuan died, Qianlong went to Zhejiang to play, when he visited the West Lake in Hangzhou, Qianlong went to the West Lake Temple to visit, and Qianlong found that the male god in the Flower Temple was very similar to Li Wei, so Qianlong asked the locals about the reason, and learned that the statue in the Flower Temple was deliberately made by craftsmen according to his own appearance when Li Wei was in office.
This is because although Li Wei is an honest and honest official, but that is because he was born in a local tyrant family, the family is not bad at all, he lives a very luxurious life on weekdays, he was the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, when he built the flower temple, he deliberately let the craftsman build a male and female flower god statue according to his own appearance and the appearance of the twelve wives and concubines, just to let the people worship him.
However, due to Li Wei's good official reputation during his tenure, even if the local people learned that the statue of the flower god was built according to Li Wei's appearance, they were willing to worship incense.
This incident made Qianlong very angry, and Li Xingyuan was given death for greedy ink, Li Wei became bad in Qianlong's mind, Qianlong immediately went crazy, and ordered people to destroy all the statues in the flower temple that resembled Li Wei and his wife and concubine, and forbade the people to worship Li Wei again.
Later, Qianlong publicly condemned Li Wei, saying: "Li Weiyang borrowed the emperor's favor, was willful and arrogant, and was not an unjust and pure minister." The famous temple is very different! ”
Therefore, Li Wei was reprimanded by Qianlong after his death because his son Li Xingyuan was greedy for ink, and he built his own statue in the temple for public benefit, if he was found by Qianlong when he was alive, then he would definitely be cleaned up by Qianlong, and the end would not be too good, but fortunately he died early.
Write at the end
Therefore, Li Jianqian was able to die well in the Qianlong Dynasty because of his good official reputation, but after his death, his son Li Xingyuan dragged him back, and the case of embezzlement of military salaries was discovered, and he faked the statue of the god before his death, so he was reprimanded by Qianlong after his death.
However, Li Wei entered the officialdom in the form of spending money to donate officials, and in ten years, he was actually promoted from a five-rank outsider to a governor such as a feudal official, and his promotion speed was not fast, which also shows that although he does not read much, he is definitely online and has extraordinary ability, so he can become one of the feudal officials.
References: "Qing Historical Manuscript", "Qing Shilu"
Text/Kojima Chifu
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