Recently, a self-media summary disclosed the relevant information of Toyota in the Yomiuri Shimbun: Toyota plans to allow employees aged 65~70 to continue to work in the company, and employees can choose to retire at the age of 60, or work in the company until the age of 65 with half the salary. Different groups have different understandings of the above, for example, some people understand delayed retirement, and the proper understanding of "Toyota Plan" needs to start with its name.
Today's Statement: The Meaning of Toyota Motor
1. The meaning of Toyota car
Toyota's full name is Toyota Motor Industries. Some people understand Toyota as a family business from the history of Toyota, for example, many self-media introduce the development history of Toyota. There are also people who understand Toyota as a company from Toyota's name, for example, there is a link after the main article of Toyota-related information disclosed by the "Yomiuri Shimbun" from the media: US Toyota Motor (USADR) +0.22%.
According to the above link, most people understand Toyota Motor as a company limited by shares, for example, +0.22%, and most people think that Toyota Motor Stock, or an index of stock gains. There is also "US" in front of the text of the above link, and there is also relevant information about "US" Toyota on the Internet, for example, the US stock change introduces the rise and fall of Toyota Motor (TM.US). Accordingly, US Toyota refers to the shares issued by Toyota's overseas companies.
In Japan, Toyota's official name is "Toyota Motor Industry Co., Ltd.", and according to its name, it is impossible for Toyota Motor to issue shares. On the one hand, scholars understand "Co., Ltd." as an intermediate legal person, that is, it is equivalent to a collective enterprise in the mainland, and the collective enterprise is personally dependent, and the enterprise itself cannot issue shares. On the other hand, Toyota Motor Corporation issued shares through the establishment of an overseas company, and even if Toyota Motor was controlled by U.S. capital, U.S. capital had no influence on the company's decision-making.
株式会社的含义
Second, the dilemma of mainland enterprises "going out".
The "going out" of mainland enterprises is very different from the model of Toyota, such as mobile communications, PetroChina, etc. "Going out", the above-mentioned enterprises divide their assets into a number of equal shares to issue shares, which is extremely risky. The consequences of "going out" are reflected in practice: for example, free Wifi cannot be set up in mobile communications, and for example, the implementation of market-regulated prices for car refueling. The reason for this is that the shares issued need to be "dividends".
The Civil Code classifies "intermediate legal persons" as special legal persons. Since the above-mentioned legal persons are personally dependent, most scholars have interpreted them in terms of favoring social capital, for example, interpreting special legal persons as existing state organs. According to the rules of literal interpretation, the difference between an organ and a special legal person such as a collective economic organization is that the "coverage" scope of the business is different, but the attributes are the same.
For example, the scope of a special legal person can be the whole country, or some regions, for example, mobile communications can set up a special legal person, covering the whole country. Special legal persons of collective economic organizations are limited to the organization, such as educational and medical institutions organized by collective economic organizations. The attributes of a special legal person are the same, which refers to "cooperation", for example, a national or regional online trading platform can set up a cooperative special legal person.
3. Understanding of Toyota's planned retirement
In Japan, the aging of society is quite serious, and labor shortages are a common social problem. In Japan, the degree of socialization is also quite high, for example, social insurance is implemented for old-age pension and medical care. In Japan, basic pension and medical care are relatively "fair", for example, the gap between the treatment of public employees and ordinary people after retirement is not very obvious. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, the "honeymoon" period after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan was relatively short.
Toyota's organizational form is an "intermediary corporation", and the distribution of earnings between an intermediary corporation or a special corporation is different from that of a company. For example, there are special legal persons in the mainland, such as professional farmer cooperatives, which, according to Article 4 (5) of the Law on Professional Farmer Cooperatives, the surplus is mainly returned in proportion to the transaction volume (amount) between the members and the professional farmer cooperatives.
According to the principle of distribution of earnings of special corporations, the "head" of Toyota has not become the "richest man" in the world, or his personal wealth is not high in the wealth ranking. In 2017, the General Provisions of the Civil Law stipulate that special legal persons in mainland China have not really been established, except for Huawei.
Due to the significant decrease in the legitimate income of many groups after retirement, many people understand Toyota's planned retirement as Japan's delayed retirement system. "Toyota plans to allow employees aged 65~70 to continue working in the company to alleviate the labor shortage", and it is necessary to start from the context of the next sentence to understand the work here. "Toyota employees can choose to retire at the age of 60 or work for the company until the age of 65 at half the salary", the following conclusions can be drawn from the literal interpretation of the rules:
An understanding of Toyota's planned retirement
Retirement at the age of 60 is the legal retirement age in Japan, and Toyota employees can continue to "work" without retiring, and the other income is a pension. The job here is not labor, or social security work, but rehiring. On the mainland, two sentences that are so simple have different understandings. The reason for this is that many groups have become "refined egoists," that is, they do not consider the reality of the mainland's current employment at all, and only care about their own interests, such as delaying retirement and increasing their pensions.