Uncle Lin's company has recently organized employees to conduct routine physical examinations, and before the physical examination, Uncle Lin wants to know more about his physical condition, so he specifically asks the seniors in the company for advice and asks them what items should be done in the physical examination.
Unexpectedly, after introducing the routine physical examination items, his company's predecessors also suggested that Uncle Lin go for some special cancer screening.
If this is the case, what tests are needed for common cancers to be prevented?
1. Cancer may be preventable, but cancer screening should be done right!
At present, cancer is still one of the difficult problems in the medical community, and it is also one of the more dangerous diseases that threaten human life and health.
The World Health Organization has previously said that nearly one-third of the currently known cancers can be detected and officially diagnosed through screening, especially common cancers such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer, and the earlier it is detected, the greater the possibility of cure.
In fact, the routine physical examination is more about the general condition of the body to check and test, although you can understand the general condition of the body, but some organs that have not participated in the examination still have the risk of cancer.
Moreover, the way of tumor growth can be divided into explosive and insidious, if the tumor is in the early stage of tumor growth insidious, it is difficult for patients to find it through routine examination, which requires us to conduct special screening for different cancer types in addition to routine examination in the process of physical examination.
Cancer screening programs are relatively more complex and numerous, so it is important to understand the types of common cancers and the corresponding high-risk groups before doing screening. Considering our own age, family medical history, gender, etc., a variety of factors are used to select screening items.
In fact, there are four common high-incidence cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer, rectal cancer, and gastric cancer, and these four cancers have almost no gender differences, and belong to the high-incidence cancer of the whole human type, but because of the different locations and causes of these four cancers, there will still be some differences in high-risk groups.
1. Lung cancer
Lung cancer is more common in people aged 50 to 70 years old, among whom if there is a habit of smoking, or people who have quit smoking for less than 15 years, have a higher incidence of disease, in addition, because the harm of second-hand smoke has been well known to humans, so people who smoke passively for a long time are also one of the groups with a high incidence of lung cancer.
If there are people who meet the above conditions, it is recommended that a low-dose spiral CT examination of the chest can be performed once a year, during which if there is an abnormality such as a nodule in the lungs, we need to conduct further professional examination according to the doctor's advice and follow up at any time.
2. Liver cancer
Liver cancer is more common in people between the ages of 40 and 69, and people with chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C or hepatitis B virus, are more likely to develop liver cancer.
For this part of the population, if you want to do professional screening for liver cancer, it is best to have an abdominal ultrasound examination every six months, and a serum alpha-fetoprotein test, and if you have serious liver diseases or a history of hepatitis B, it is best to do hepatitis B virus surface antigen once.
If any abnormality is found during the examination, a CT scan is required to confirm the diagnosis.
3. Colorectal cancer
Rectal cancer has a certain hereditary nature, it is more common in people aged 45 to 74 years old, if their own parents or children have rectal cancer, then the probability of rectal cancer may also be greatly increased, and the incidence of rectal cancer will be closely related to the history of other malignant tumors.
Therefore, for this part of the population, proctology experts recommend that it is best to do an immunochemical stool test once a year, and a stool DNA test every once in a while.
According to the doctor's arrangement, if the screening is completed within the time recommended by the doctor, the condition can also be diagnosed earlier, and the hope of cure will be greater.
4. Stomach cancer
The age range of people with a high incidence of gastric cancer is wider, and basically people over 45 years old need to be vigilant, especially if you still live in an area with a high incidence of gastric cancer, or have a history of other stomach diseases, or have many bad habits in your daily life, smoking, alcoholism, etc.
If this part of the population wants to be prevented, it is best to take the serum pepsinogen and gastrin-17 test every year as a routine item of their physical examination. Gastroscopy is one of the most important means of screening for gastric cancer.
In addition to the above four common cancers, breast cancer and cervical cancer are also cancers with a high incidence in women.
At present, the mainland has launched two cancer screening activities for these two cancers, women of all ages can go to their maternal and child health hospitals for screening, and adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer and other cancers are cancers with a high incidence in men, and patients with chronic prostatitis themselves can be screened through a digital rectal examination once a year.
At the same time, patients with sudden diabetes should also undergo tumor marker examination, or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and other examinations to rule out whether they have pancreatic cancer, compared with conventional physical examination, cancer screening will be more professional, so the items involved will be more complex.
Before choosing a physical examination item, it is recommended to choose a more professional examination institution, and after communicating with the doctor, the item selection can not only avoid wasting time, but also make your screening more accurate.
2. If you want to prevent cancer, you don't know what to do? Reminder: You can start with life
Cancer is becoming more and more curable, but the premise of a high cure rate is that we can be prepared for it in our daily lives. The earlier it is detected, the higher the cure rate, and we need to start with some small things in life to reduce our risk of cancer.
1. Regular physical examination for early prevention
Many cancers, although related to our lifestyle habits, will also be inseparable from genetic factors and other factors, so for those who suffer from cancer genetic inheritance, the best way to ensure health is to have regular physical examinations and early prevention.
We can make a one-to-one correspondence according to the high-risk groups of the above common cancers, and under the advice of doctors, carry out corresponding cancer screening, more accurate cancer screening, can help patients be diagnosed as soon as possible, participate in treatment as soon as possible, so that even if the cancer is cured, the cure rate may be higher.
2. Change your lifestyle and eating habits
We have found that among the four common cancer risk groups, poor lifestyle and dietary habits may lead to a significant increase in the risk of cancer.
Especially for those who have a family history of cancer, it is very important to quit smoking and drinking, go to bed early and get up early, and maintain a regular work and rest, because the risk of cancer in this part of the population is higher than that of ordinary people.
3. Pay attention to hygiene protection and vaccination
In order to prevent and control the spread of Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis B virus, we must pay attention to personal hygiene and choose the appropriate vaccine for vaccination.
If you have long-term contact with hepatitis B patients in your life, it is difficult to completely avoid and isolate the transmission of hepatitis B virus in your daily life.
3. To prevent cancer scientifically, let's first know "selenium"
If you want to prevent cancer scientifically, selenium supplementation is also essential.
Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in the human body, if the human body is seriously deficient in C, it may lead to Keshan disease, large bone joint disease, and even diabetes, cardiovascular disease The risk will be greatly increased.
With the efforts of modern medical experts, people have gradually discovered that free radicals are closely related to the damage and destruction of chromosomes in human cells or the occurrence of cancer, and there is a free radical scavenging mechanism in the human body, and the most important role is a substance called glutathione.
This substance can effectively remove excess free radicals in the human body, protect chromosomes, and prevent cells from becoming cancerous, but we need to note that reduced glutathione needs the help of glutathione peroxidase, the most important component of this enzyme - selenium.
In addition to protecting chromosomes and removing excess free radicals in the body, selenium also has a very strong affinity for many heavy metals, which can be combined with heavy metals such as cadmium, and help them to synthesize toxicity and excrete them from the body, greatly reducing the risk of cancer caused by heavy metals.
Previously, researchers at the University of Arizona Cancer Center in the United States found after a 13-year selenium supplementation trial in the United States:
• Daily supplementation with 200 micrograms of selenium reduced cancer mortality by 50% and the overall incidence of cancer by 37%.
Among them, the incidence of three cancers decreased the most: prostate cancer decreased by 63%, colorectal cancer decreased by 58%, and lung cancer decreased by 46%.
This experiment has proved that selenium is closely related to the occurrence of cancer, and for people with a high incidence of cancer, selenium supplementation is imperative. However, under normal circumstances, the human body itself cannot synthesize selenium, which can only be supplemented from the outside world, and its metabolism in the human body is quite fast and constantly absorbed and discharged, and we also need to continue to supplement selenium.
Therefore, in our daily life, in addition to the moderate intake of malt, seafood, nuts and other foods rich in selenium, we can also use supplements according to the doctor's advice.
Bibliography:
[1] Health care for the elderly. 2018(02) Scientific Selenium Supplementation, Anti-Cancer and Anti-Cancer, Wei Wei, Hao Li
[2] Open the book is beneficial - seek medical advice. 2022(04) Caring for life and scientific cancer prevention
[3] Family Medicine. 2021(06) Do the right screening, cancer will no longer come suddenly Hou Shuxia of the editorial department of this journal