High fever, headache, swollen lips into sausages after being bitten by insects...... What are the correct ways to control insects in summer and autumn?

CCTV News (Reporter/Du Anqi): With the arrival of summer, all kinds of mosquitoes have begun to become active. Swarms of flying insects began to appear in parks, neighborhoods, and streets, and residents found bed bugs, ticks, and other bugs in their homes. Some netizens have inexplicably high fever, dizziness, and the experience of "sausage mouth" after being bitten by insects, which makes many people begin to pay attention to the problem of how to prevent insects in summer.

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"Summer and autumn are the peak seasons for mosquito bites, and the number of patients visiting the dermatology department increases exponentially. Li Chengxu, an attending physician in the Department of Dermatology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, said, "Most people have a relatively mild reaction after being bitten by mosquitoes, but some people have a more serious reaction, not only skin redness, itching, and pimples, but also systemic reactions such as fever and headache, and even allergic and shock reactions." ”

Why do some people have a severe reaction after being bitten by insects?"When mosquitoes bite the human body, they will inject formic acid and salivary enzymes, which may cause the immune stress response of some patients. Some mosquitoes may also release toxins after biting humans, inducing inflammation. Li Chengxu explained to the CCTV "News +" reporter. In addition, some insects carry pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria in their mouthparts. Bites may lead to skin infections, blisters, pustules, and even systemic reactions such as fever, headache, dizziness, and muscle pain.

Li Chengxu introduced that there are five main mosquitoes that may cause greater impact in the near future. First of all, "mosquitoes are one of the most common and serious insects that endanger human health in summer and autumn, not only sucking blood and stabbing the skin, but also transmitting infectious diseases such as malaria, encephalitis, dengue fever, etc." The southern part of the mainland, including Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi and other places, is an endemic area with a high incidence of dengue fever, and if you have inexplicably developed systemic symptoms such as headache, fever and muscle pain after being bitten by mosquitoes, you need to seek medical attention in time. In addition, a small number of people will have an allergic reaction after being bitten by mosquitoes, "especially the loose connective tissue such as the lip or eyelid, which is very likely to cause severe edema."

The second is ticks. "Ticks can transmit many diseases, and even cause a small number of severe patients to die from multiple organ failure." April to October is the active season for ticks, mostly in the wild. There have been reports of children being bitten by ticks and sucking blood after playing in the grass. "Ticks are generally flattened, oblong-oval, and only the size of a sesame seed when they are not sucking blood, and can reach soybean grains or even larger when they are full of blood." If you have local pain, itching or discomfort on the skin, and you see small black spots or suspicious insects on the skin, especially the surrounding skin will be red, you must be vigilant and perform a skin examination in time.

Li Chengxu specially reminded that after being bitten by a tick, it should not be forcibly removed, so as not to break the mouthparts in the skin. You can light a mosquito coil next to the tick and the tick will loosen itself after a few minutes, or thickcoat the tick's head with petroleum jelly, liquid paraffin, or glycerin to suffocate it, and then gently pull the tick out with tweezers to disinfect the wound. If it is not completely removed, you should seek medical attention immediately. After that, you need to be observed for about two weeks, and if you have systemic symptoms, you should also seek medical attention in time.

The third is the red fire ant. "Red fire ants are known as killer ants, and their venom contains alkaloids, proteins, and various enzymes, which, in addition to causing severe pain, often cause allergic reactions in the human body, and may even cause shock." If you are bitten, you can rinse the sting site with water or saline for at least 15 minutes, squeeze out the poison juice, disinfect, apply ice, and the best thing to do is to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Li Chengxu introduced that red fire ants are more abundant in the southern part of the mainland, and there is a trend of spreading in recent years. In some farmlands, woodlands, lawns and water's edges, red fire ants prefer to nest, and the nests are high above the ground, like a small mound. If you see such a mound in the wild, you should stay away from it as much as possible, and at the same time quickly pat off the ants on the skin to prevent them from clinging to the skin and sting multiple times.

The fourth is bed bugs. Bed bugs can hide in bed boards, mattresses, walls or crevices in the floor. When sucking blood, bed bugs inject saliva and alkaline venom to trigger skin reactions, and a single bed bug can bite multiple places in a row, causing rashes that tend to line up or be flaky. Bed bugs can occur in humid or poor environment in hotels, hotels, trains, sleepers, bus soft seats, gyms and swimming pools. When traveling in summer and autumn, you can carefully check whether there are bed bugs in the environment, bathe in time when you come back from going out, change clean clothes, and wash the changed clothes separately.

The fifth is Cryptoptera. "Cryptoptera is a small black ant-shaped flying insect that contains toxins in all parts of its body." Skin damage can occur when the insect bites the skin or when the insect body is slapped or crushed. The main manifestations are skin strips, flaky edematous erythema, itching and burning pain, followed by blisters, pustules, and even fever, headache, dizziness, nausea and other systemic symptoms. Therefore, turn off the indoor lights when sleeping, and remember not to pinch or pat directly with your hands if you notice insects falling on your skin. The insect should be knocked to the ground and trampled to death with a shoe.

Li Chengxu reminded that no matter what kind of insect it is, if it is obviously red and swollen after being bitten, blisters are produced, and are accompanied by systemic symptoms such as high fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain, you need to seek medical attention in time. In the vast majority of cases, no special treatment is required after an insect bite. To relieve itching, you can apply thick soapy water to the red, swollen area, or apply calamine lotion and zinc oxide ointment. If itching, redness, and swelling are noticeable after a bite, low- or moderate-potency glucocorticoid ointment can also be used to relieve itching, or antihistamines can be taken by mouth under the guidance of a doctor.

In order to prevent the bites of various harmful mosquitoes in summer, Li Chengxu suggested that he should wear light-colored long-sleeved pants when traveling outdoors to reduce skin exposure. You can apply insect repellent lotion to the skin to prevent mosquito bites, and reapply it after 4 hours. Households with infants and pregnant women should prefer physical deworming, such as the use of mosquito nets and electric mosquito swatters. In addition, sweat attracts mosquitoes, so bathing frequently and keeping it clean can effectively reduce the chance of being bitten.

Stagnant water, sewage and mosquito breeding places should be removed indoors, especially the pools, floor drains and sewers in kitchens and bathrooms should be cleaned regularly. Take out the garbage frequently in daily life, do not pile up sundries, and tidy up weeds, potted plants and other plants. For breeding places such as fleas and bed bugs, you can use insecticide powder or aerosol to sanitize them, or ask professional sanitizing personnel to operate.