There are 56 ethnic groups in China, and there are far more than 56 ethnic groups living on this land in actual history.
There is a nation that has guarded the Northeast Territory for generations, and has paid great sacrifices for it.
All the contents of this article are official and reliable sources, and the specific information is detailed in the article.
It's just that I didn't expect that in the end, their enthusiasm was let down, and they could only leave China lonely.
Their name was Feyaka, which has now been changed to a new name.
What forced them to leave their homeland, and how are these people doing now?
Up to 100 years of surrender to the Central Plains
The earliest record of the Feiyaka people in history is in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", which refers to some ethnic groups near the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River.
(This article was originally published in the fourth issue of the journal "Social Science Front" in 1986 on "The Fiyaka Nationality in the Qing Dynasty")
The Feiyaka people mainly live by fishing and hunting, which is recorded in the "General Examination of Qing Dynasty Documents", saying that they "do not know how to cultivate" and take fishing as their main means of survival.
For this reason, the Fiyaka did not need to move their herds from place to place, as other northern nomads did, but settled somewhere.
Sakhalin is where they once settled, and the houses they lived in were also very interesting, divided into "winter houses" and "summer houses".
A "summer house" is a house that is normally built on the ground, and a "winter house" is a semi-underground structure, which may be related to the cold climate of the local area, and living underground is good for keeping warm.
The earliest entry of the Feiyaka into the Central Plains regime was during the Tang Dynasty.
The central authority of the Tang Dynasty first set up an administrative body in the Feiyaka region and sent officials to manage it.
Later, in the Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, this management was further strengthened.
Because of the introduction of the Central Plains culture, the living habits of the Fiyaka people have gradually changed.
The most obvious is the change in the house and clothing, as we mentioned above that their house is "sunken", because part of it is underground, so it is also called "earthen house".
However, as they returned to the Central Plains regime, the traditional "earthen houses" were replaced by structural dwellings.
The same is true for clothing, because they have been living by fishing and hunting, so most of their clothes are animal skins, and then they gradually learned to grow cotton and linen and use cloth to make clothes.
Even the overall style of clothing was close to the Hanfu, and later the Manchus became the main rulers of the country, and the clothing style of Fiyaka changed to the Manchu costume.
As we all know, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were Manchus, who lived in the northeastern part of the mainland before they came to the Central Plains.
Because it is the homeland of the Manchus, their original station is also known as the "Land of Longxing".
In order to strengthen the rule of the whole country, the "land of Longxing" could not be returned, so the rulers of the Qing Dynasty entrusted the ethnic minorities who remained there to guard their homeland.
The Fiyaka people were tasked with this task, not only guarding the place, but also paying regular tribute every year, and the Qing Dynasty would also reward them with some items from the Central Plains.
In addition, the Qing Dynasty also strengthened ties with the Feyaka tribe through intermarriage between the women of the clan and the leaders of the Fiyaka tribe.
The connection between the Fiyaka and the various ethnic groups of China has existed for hundreds of years, so when did this race leave?
The Qing court was weak and ceded land
During the period of accepting the rule of the Qing court, the Fiyaka people conscientiously completed the tasks assigned to them by the Qing Central Committee and guarded the border.
In the 17th century, the Russians never stopped exploring this part of Siberia, often sending advance teams, including Cossack cavalry.
Inevitably, they came across the Fiyaka people.
At first, the Russian army tried to persuade the Fiyaka to submit to Russia, so that the place where they lived would naturally become the territory of Tsarist Russia.
However, the Fiyaka did not want to become traitors to the country and insisted on refusing to submit, so a fierce conflict broke out between the two sides, and many Fiyaka died in the battle to defend the territory of the motherland.
However, fortunately, the Qing government at that time was still quite strong, and sent troops to assist the Feiyaka people in fighting many times, and also set up generals Jilin and Heilongjiang generals for unified management.
Unfortunately, the Qing court, which the Fiyaka had always trusted, eventually betrayed them.
It was the middle of the 19th century, and the decaying Qing government was crumbling, with many internal and external troubles.
And in the north, Tsarist Russia was not much better, they had just experienced the defeat of the Crimean War and urgently needed a "blood pack" blood transfusion.
Naturally, he set the target for the Qing Dynasty, which was worse than himself and had just experienced the Second Opium War.
In 1858, Muraveyov, the Siberian governor of Tsarist Russia, led his army to the vicinity of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River, which he called "helping the Qing Dynasty mediate relations with Britain and France".
But in fact, they demanded that the Qing court hand over a large piece of land in the northeast of the country to them for "joint management", otherwise they would "start" with Britain and France.
At that time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was rapidly expanding its power in the south, the British and French forces were also eyeing it, most of the Qing Dynasty's troops were transferred to the south, and the northeast defense was empty.
At that time, the chief general stationed here Yishan was afraid, and even signed a treaty without the consent of the central government.
But in fact, Tsarist Russia had just been defeated in Crimea, and even if it was a real confrontation, the Qing army might not be without the strength to fight.
The Fiyaka people who were divided still had a glimmer of hope, after all, this treaty was not signed by the Qing government, as long as the Qing court did not recognize it, they were still from this country.
But Emperor Xianfeng, who was in power, was no less cowardly, he was already distraught by the domestic situation, and Tsarist Russia "disarmed and surrendered" as soon as he was intimidated.
In 1860, the Qing government officially recognized the legitimacy of these treaties, which became known as the Treaty of Aihui.
In subsequent treaties, "condominium" was directly changed to "cession".
From then on, the Fiyaka had to become subjects of Tsarist Russia, and the new ruler changed their names to Nivkh.
The name is not a good word in Russian, and it even means "hate".
It can be seen that the Fiyaka people have always refused to accept the rule of Tsarist Russia, even though they are nominally assigned to Tsarist Russia.
epilogue
In fact, the Fiyaka did not do well in Russia at first, and the Russians made Sakhalin a "place of exile" and sent some of the most vicious prisoners there.
These prisoners are exposed to a variety of exotic diseases, which seriously affect the local health environment.
In addition, Tsarist Russia will also force the Fyakha people to buy high-priced food from Russia, and prohibit them from fishing and hunting, if they do not buy, they can only wait to starve to death.
After the establishment of the Soviet Union, the situation of the Fiyaka people was somewhat better, but their culture also disappeared in the long process of "Russification".
The current descendants are just Russians with an oriental face.