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Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

author:Chief Business Intelligence
Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it
  • 首发|首席商业智慧
  • 作者|首席商业智慧
Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

引文:不到三年时间,妙可蓝多的总市值蒸发了三百多亿。为何奶酪棒卖不动了?是谁动了妙可蓝多的“奶酪”?

2024年3月26日,“奶酪巨头”妙可蓝多公司公开了2023年的财报数据。报告显示,在营收和净利润方面出现了大幅的下降,给市场交出了一份不容乐观的糟糕成绩表。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

数据显示,2023年营业收入约为40.5亿元,而2022年营收为48.3亿元,同比下降了16.16%。而净利润方面,2023年归属于上市公司股东的净利润为6344万元,相较于2022年的1亿3760万元,则同比下降了53.9%。

最引人注目的一点是,这是妙可蓝多自上市八年来,第一次出现了营收和利润下滑的现象。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

可以看到,从2023年开始,奶酪棒原本大热的局面已经开始遇冷,不仅销售量出现了下降,股价也一路在走下坡路。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

另一方面,妙可蓝多还出现了大批经销商代理离开的现象。相比于2022年拥有5218家经销商,而2023年已经减少至5036家,显示出力不从心的疲软状态。

从2020年开始投资妙可蓝多的奶业巨头“蒙牛”,到2024年已经成为第一大股东,面对妙可蓝多出现的颓势,不少人调侃蒙牛这次成了“大冤种”。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

但业内也不少人表示,奶酪棒行业此刻陷入的困境其实是意料之中的事情。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

被中产家庭一手捧红的妙可蓝多

卖不动了?

过去靠奶酪棒成为“业界第一”的妙可蓝多,这回“妙”不起来了?

自2019年以来,以奶酪为原料的乳制品大兴,特别是奶酪棒作为小孩的日常零嘴和营养补充剂,得到了众多家庭消费者的青睐。

作为国内奶酪品牌的“一哥”,妙可蓝多其实在顾客认知中已经形成了较强的品牌效应。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

原本大众对奶酪的认知,还停留在拿来涂抹面包或者做烘焙糕点的产品。这些年由于妙可蓝多等品牌对奶酪棒的大力宣传,使得奶酪制品变得更加流行起来。

妙可蓝多最早发端于东北的一家小型牛奶企业。从2018年开始进军奶酪棒行业,到了2019年,其奶酪棒的销售量增长就已经超过300%。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

妙可蓝多其实是作为领军人物,开拓了奶酪的新品类,将奶酪零食化,制作成精致、便携的奶酪棒产品。

仅仅用三年时间,就将市场份额从4%逐渐拉高到27.7%,成为占据中国奶酪行业几乎三分之一市场份额的“第一股”。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

另一方面,奶酪产品的毛利率要高出液态奶不少。普通液态牛奶的毛利率在30%至35%之间,而奶酪制品的毛利率却能达到35%-40%。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

在这种盈利势头良好的驱使下,不仅催生了大量新的奶酪品牌,也引得传统乳业公司都关注到奶酪棒市场,试图来分得一杯羹。

一时之间,各种新的品牌纷纷扎堆挤入奶酪棒赛道,引发了竞争大内卷。但实际上,各种奶酪棒在口味、营养方面并没有本质化的差别,发展到现在,出现增速放缓甚至是倒退,其实是可以预料到的事情。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

另外,奶酪棒的高定价也是一个会降低消费频次的因素。虽然在各大商场的冷藏货架里卖出了不低的溢价,但其实奶酪棒的制造门槛并不高。

小红书上就有许多人po出自制奶酪棒的教程,以超低成本实现“奶酪棒自由”其实是轻而易举就能做到的事情。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

由此看来,妙可蓝多出现“卖不动了”的现象,是一件出于“内外夹击”且有迹可循的事情。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

资本催熟的营销大户

妙可蓝多赚到的钱都去哪里了?答案是非常大一部分都投放在广告宣传营销上了。

它们用在营销方面的费用一直是居高不下。据数据显示,自2018年到2024年,妙可蓝多用于广告营销的花销,高达31.49亿元。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

比如请国民度较高的女演员孙俪来当代言人。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

还有和各种大IP的联名营销,比如宝可梦、叮当猫、皮卡丘、“汪汪队立大功”等家喻户晓、深受儿童欢迎的动画形象,大大激发了小朋友们的购买欲,也赚足了大众眼球。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

在广告制作方面,改编《两只老虎》儿歌,洗脑式传播妙可蓝多的奶酪棒产品。而在广告中不断重复的“奶酪就选妙可蓝多”广告词也已经深入人心。

在这种重金宣传之下,妙可蓝多凭借着一己之力,一方面形成了品牌效应,另一方面也将中国的奶酪市场快速扩大。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

一时兴起的奶酪市场,显然是被资本一手催熟的产物。而当风口过后,浪潮褪去,是谁在“裸泳”?妙可蓝多出现难以为继的现象,也是这场资本游戏之下的具象体现。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

“小孩最爱”的奶酪棒

到底是不是健康食品?

奶酪棒的最大目标群体,无疑是瞄准了处于生长发育期的广大儿童们。妙可蓝多从一开始就找准了切口,将视线瞄准了“宝妈”和中产家庭。

奶酪棒和传统棒棒糖的形态非常类似,棍棒的形状便于儿童抓取,以及色彩缤纷、图案繁复的产品包装,非常吸引小朋友们的眼球。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

在铺天盖地的营销宣传中,奶酪制品企业总会大肆宣称奶酪棒中富含着各式各样的营养成分,对儿童的生长发育特别是钙质补充十分有益。

而高蛋白、高钙的营养属性作为奶酪棒的核心竞争力,促使它在奶酪零售市场异军突起。

比起小孩子爱吃辣条、薯片等高糖高油高盐的“垃圾食品”会引起家长对孩子健康问题的担心和忧虑,不少中产家长其实非常乐于看到孩子爱吃奶酪棒的现象。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

在食品安全频发、预制菜大为盛行的今时今日,奶酪棒行业瞄准的是中产家庭的育童需求,安全、健康的品牌宣传迎合的是各大家长的育儿焦虑。

由此奶酪棒的核心目标消费人群是家庭消费者,特别是中产家庭。奶酪棒风潮的骤然兴起,使之成为家长为孩子购买营养品和零食的优先选择。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

但奶酪棒真如宣传中所说的是健康食品吗?这几年来,也有各种各样不同的声音出现。

配料干净程度、奶香味、口感作为各大顾客在消费奶酪棒时最为关注的因素,特别是配料表是否干净,是家长在谈论不同品牌奶酪棒时最为集中的话题。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

不少家长都反映,有些奶酪棒的配料表中添加剂成分实在是太多了。包括为了吃起来更加香甜和迎合儿童口味而增添的糖分,如果大量摄入,对儿童的生长发育其实并不有利。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

而有些奶酪棒里几乎没有奶酪,奶酪棒的构成其实是“少量奶酪、水分、糖分和各种添加剂的组合”。包括为了使奶酪棒吃起来像是果冻或是双皮奶的口感。大量明胶的添加,过多的摄入更是对身体无益。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

不少消费者直言奶酪棒就是“智商税”,只是一个被精美包装起来的垃圾食品的声量其实并不在少数。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

中国的奶酪市场

中国人的蛋白质摄入,传统路线是以豆腐、豆浆等大豆制品为主。自世纪之交之后以麦当劳、肯德基为代表的西式快餐连锁品牌进入中国市场后,越来越多的西式餐饮习惯涌入国人生活。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

近年来,中产阶级追求健康生活的热潮是越来越汹涌。对“蛋白质”摄入的焦虑也是居高不下。比如城市白领在健身时必不可缺的蛋白粉,在肉类选择也倾向于牛肉、鸡胸肉等蛋白质含量高的食物。

而相比于肉制品这种日常生活必需和购买频率高的食物,奶酪棒的可替代性其实是非常高的。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

在补充蛋白质营养方面,存在着许多比奶酪棒更好的选择。比如液态牛奶对于大众来说是更日常、更普遍的蛋白质来源,光靠几根奶酪棒是不太足够的。

还有一个方面是近期来,妙可蓝多转而投入到“常温型奶酪棒”的研发上,这也许并不是一件好事。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

在目前对各种健康食品趋之若鹜的潮流中,奶酪棒能够风靡一时、受到家长的欢迎,靠得就是健康、对孩子好的印象。而“低温”意味着保质期短,更是意味着新鲜和健康。

若是转变印象为“可常温保存”,这便意味着添加了更多的防腐剂,这会打破消费者对奶酪棒健康属性的固有认知。

若是打破了对奶酪棒作为“低温储藏食物”的印象,这非常可能会影响大众对整个奶酪棒品类的健康认知。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

不断优化奶酪棒的配方,升级奶酪棒的健康属性,要走的路应该是紧紧顺应消费者对健康食品的需求,持续打造“更健康的儿童营养零食”,这可能才是试图走“奶酪棒主导品牌”的更优路径。

由此可见,妙可蓝多虽然作为行业第一品牌,出现如此急遽的下滑,也实属正常现象。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

毕竟奶酪本就不是中国消费者的日常饮食,若是无法加入国人一日三餐的饭桌,它便注定只能扮演可有可无的零食角色。而国内的零食赛道竞争如此激烈,奶酪棒的高溢价似乎并不占任何优势。

也许营销的风潮会一时迷住诸多商家的眼睛,而更多的是喜新厌旧的消费者褪去消费热情之后,大家会发现选择并不只是局限在奶酪棒上,毕竟可替代的蛋白质补充产品实在太多了。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

这就需要奶酪产品不断进行迭代和创新,除了妙可蓝多所选的开发常温保存型奶酪,更需要的也许是消费市场的开拓。在消费群体方面,从儿童扩展到成人,更多推出适合成年人的奶酪产品。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

写在最后

消费者会日常选择购买奶酪的消费习惯养成之路,其实还任重道远。

虽然“白人饭”的概念在网上营销得风生水起,但事实上中国人的饮食文化基因中深深根植的饮食习惯并不会如此轻易被冲击和改变。

目前的奶酪市场,比较集中在一二线大城市中,尚未下沉深入到三四线以及以下的市场。有待开拓的市场其实仍然非常庞大。

但奶酪棒的定价显而易见是不低的,这仍然是盯准了一二线的中产家庭,目的就是要中产家庭为健康的观念大掏腰包。

Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

若是想要打入下沉市场,同时还要考虑如何能不沦陷在价格战的恶性循环中,这需要企业更为深入的探索和创新。

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Evaporated 30 billion in three years! Known as "children's exclusive, children's favorite", even the middle class is not used to it

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