Tomorrow is the May Day holiday. After entering May, the wheat in the field will also enter the critical period of forming the final yield - the wheat will usher in the final growth stage of heading and flowering, rapid filling and maturity, and wait until the end of May to the middle and early June around everyone will be ready to harvest the wheat in the field, when do you generally start to harvest wheat?
Although the stage of wheat from heading poplar to filling maturity is only a short period of more than forty or fifty days, this time is the key to determine whether the wheat can finally smoothly stabilize the yield and ensure the harvest and increase the yield of high yield, especially when the wheat enters the grain filling in May before maturity, this period of time is not only how windy and rainy weather is easy to cause a large area of wheat lodging and reduce the yield, and the wheat during this period is also prone to dry and hot wind hazards due to high temperature, drought and hot wind, resulting in early wheat withering and ripening. In addition, during this period, the water and fertilizer absorption capacity of wheat roots began to decline rapidly, and the ability of wheat plants to resist diseases and insect pests began to weaken, and the wheat at this time was not only easy to reduce the yield due to insufficient grain filling caused by the lack of fertilizer and water and premature leaf aging, but also easy to reduce the yield due to the outbreak of various pests and diseases due to excessive humidity in the field during the filling period.
As the agricultural proverb goes, "wheat is sad to pass the May pass", it means that wheat will face the risk of reducing yield one after another in the final growth stage before filling maturity. Therefore, after the wheat enters the filling period in May every year until the mature harvest, if you want to let your wheat seize the final stable yield and high yield, you must do a good job in the field management of wheat roots, leaf protection, disease prevention, insect prevention, premature aging, lodging prevention, and dry and hot wind hazards, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting leaves with roots, promoting grain with leaves, and increasing yield with grains, otherwise even if your wheat grows well in the early stage, you cannot guarantee that your wheat can successfully achieve stable yield and high yield in the end.
So the question is, when the wheat enters the final growth stage and the final yield formation period of heading and flowering and filling maturity in May, what aspects of wheat field management do our farmers need to do a good job in order to help wheat avoid the difficulties of reducing yield one after another, and successfully seize the final stable yield and high yield?
First, it is necessary to water the wheat field in advance according to the moisture and weather to ensure that the wheat filling has moisture and the yield is not reduced due to high temperature and drought
There used to be a proverb in the countryside that said that "there is moisture in grain filling, and the seeds are full of ears", which means that wheat should keep the wheat soil moist often in the late growth stage (soil moisture content of 70-80% is more conducive to wheat grain filling and yield), on the one hand, it is to ensure that the wheat grains have sufficient water supply during the grain filling period, so that the wheat ears and grains can quickly and fully complete the grain filling and grain gain, on the other hand, in order to ensure that the wheat has a moist soil moisture condition during the grain filling period, and prevent wheat from being dry in the field during the grain filling period. On the other hand, it is necessary to avoid the occurrence of dry and hot wind hazards and high temperature heat damage in wheat fields due to high temperature and drought in wheat fields before the grain filling period to maturity, resulting in wheat seedlings early yellow wilting, shortening of grain filling time, and premature maturity of wheat (such as insufficient grain filling and increased empty shell and deflated grains).
So, how do you need reasonable and flexible watering to protect moisture in May? Agricultural technology small basket reminds everyone to pay attention to the following points in combination with their own wheat field situation (pay attention to the watering method before filling and the watering method during the filling period, the whole wheat filling period should be watered with small water and frequently so that the ground of the wheat field has been moist):
(1) Wheat must be watered early and fully watered before filling
If the weather in your home has been relatively dry and rainless, the soil in the wheat field is relatively dry and lacks moisture (5-10 cm underground soil is difficult to grasp in the hand to form a soil ball), and the weather forecast will not rain for a period of time in the future, then the agricultural technology small back basket recommends that you in your wheat flowering period about 7-10 days after the grain has not begun to fill quickly (wheat must be watered as soon as possible within 2 weeks before flowering), then quickly water your wheat in advance of the whole field with a sufficient amount of grout water (particularly arid wheat can be watered 1 week after wheat flowering). At this time, watering more points is not easy to cause wheat plant lodging, after watering, the water must completely moisten the deep soil of the wheat root part (the watering must be watered thoroughly in the whole field before filling), so as to meet the sufficient supply of filling water during the filling period after wheat flowering (to ensure moisture), to avoid the loss of yield of your wheat in the process of filling due to the lack of water in the ground and causing premature root senescence, premature leaf withering, and premature wheat senescence.
However, if the weather in your home is relatively humid (good moisture), or the weather forecast is for moderate/heavy rain in the future, then you do not need to water the wheat in this case, otherwise it is easy to cause a large area of lodging in your wheat.
(2) After wheat filling, watering must be light and frequent
If your wheat has already started to fill (10-15 days after flowering), until 7-10 days before the wheat is ripe and harvested (the wheat must be stopped in advance when the wheat is close to the natural maturity and harvest period), during this time, if the weather is hot, dry and windy, the soil in the wheat field is obviously dry and water-deficient (5-10 cm underground soil is difficult to grasp in the hand to form a soil mass), then in this case, in addition to the weather forecast moderate/heavy rain, In the case of continuous rain (the amount of precipitation in light rain is too little, so the occasional light rain should be poured in the wheat field during the filling period), or the soil moisture content in the wheat field is not less than 70% (the soil in the ground is 5-10 cm wet and can be easily held into a soil ball in the hand), in other cases, our farmers and friends must quickly water the wheat field with grout water to protect moisture and harvest, so as to promote the wheat to have sufficient water to successfully complete the filling, and prevent the wheat from early withering and yield reduction due to high temperature heat damage or dry and hot wind hazards in the grain filling process.
However, the wheat is watered in the process of filling, at this time must not be flooded with water in the whole field, watering only needs to be watered from one end of the wheat field to the other, so that the water through the ground to moisten the soil can be (at this time, watering must not let the wheat field have water for a long time, the topsoil has been wet and not dry during the filling period is the best). Because the wheat in the grain filling period at this time is "top-heavy", if the amount of watering is too large, the soil is too wet and too soft, it is easy to cause a large area of wheat lodging in the whole field after watering (especially when the weather is windy after watering), so when the wheat field is dry and needs to be watered during the wheat filling period, we only need small water to water the ground surface soil, so that the underground root position of wheat in the field is not short of water, so that the wheat ears and grains on the ground can be filled normally, and the wheat is not due to excessive dehydration and yellow wilt and premature decay and yield reduction due to high temperature, drought and hot wind weather.
Second, it is necessary to combine the growth of wheat and soil fertility with appropriate topdressing to ensure the smooth filling of wheat and increase the weight of grains
In addition to ensuring that wheat filling water is sufficient, if wheat wants to win high yield and increase income in the later stage, it is also necessary to ensure that the supply of fertilizer nutrients in the wheat filling period is sufficient, so as to prevent the problems of poor grains, unreal grain filling and shriveled grains due to defertilization and premature aging in the later stage of growth. Grain extension filling time to increase saturation and single weight are directly related to whether the supply of water and fertilizer is sufficient, and we can increase the nutrient supply by giving wheat proper topdressing to prolong the life and function of green leaves, and enhance the ability of leaf photosynthesis to produce nutrients required for grain filling, which is the basic guarantee for promoting wheat grain filling, increasing grain weight and increasing yield per mu.
At this point, reasonable topdressing increases the nutrient supply of wheat at the filling stage, which is particularly obvious in the wheat fields with shallow soil in the tillage layer, sandy wheat fields that are prone to water leakage and fertilizer leakage, and wheat fields with insufficient bottom fertilizer and top dressing in the early stage.
How to do the topdressing during the wheat filling period? When is the topdressing more appropriate? What kind of fertilizer is used to increase the yield? How many catties of fertilizer are chased per mu?
(1) For wheat after flowering to the early stage of grain filling, there is insufficient water and fertilizer. Wheat fields with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, or wheat fields that may have the problem of defertilization and premature senescence and yellow leaf yield reduction during the grain filling period, we can water the grouting water early after the wheat flowering (or with the help of light rain weather) to apply 5-6 kg of urea (high nitrogen fertilizer) per mu after the wheat field flowering, if necessary, and then continue to chase 5-6 kg of urea after about 10 days, so that the top dressing can not only avoid the problems caused by the defertilization of wheat during the filling period, but also extend the life of wheat green leavesEnhance the photosynthesis ability of leaves and improve the resistance of wheat to high temperature and heat damage, so as to accelerate and ensure the full grain filling and full grain weight gain of wheat.
(2) For wheat that has fully entered the peak period of grain filling until before the mature harvest, if there is a premature aging situation during this period, it is not suitable to go to a large number of roots to water and apply high nitrogen fertilizers such as urea (at this time, large water is easy to cause wheat lodging, and the root system is degraded and the ability to absorb water and fertilizer is very poor). In this case, you can use 50-60 grams of urea + 80-100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 8-10 ml of brassinolide +The formula of 40-50 ml of amino acid foliar fertilizer (this can be optional) is sprayed 2-3 times continuously from half a month after wheat flowering to before wheat harvest, spraying every 7-10 days, this method of foliar fertilizer in the later stage of wheat can not only supplement the lack of nutrients to wheat faster to solve the problem of premature leaf aging, but also accelerate wheat filling to increase grain weight to achieve yield and income, and at the same time have a very good effect on enhancing wheat lodging resistance, disease and insect pest resistance, and resistance to dry and hot wind hazards.
Third, we should focus on preventing lodging hazards, dry and hot wind hazards, and pests and diseases during the wheat filling period
The best way to prevent and solve the problem is to give wheat a comprehensive foliar fertilizer formula (foliar fertilizer + regulator + insecticide + fungicide, one spray and multiple prevention), it is best to start playing in the wheat heading and flowering period, according to the specific growth of wheat, pests and diseases, weather changes until 7-10 days before wheat harvest, generally spraying 2-4 times in a row, and the time of two spraying can not be less than 7 days.
The formula and use of fertilizer for wheat lodging prevention, dry and hot air prevention, and pest prevention are very simple, you can simply remember it:
(1) Formula of foliar fertilizer at the flowering stage of wheat heading and flowering and foliar fertilizer formula at the filling stage after flowering:
(1) Foliar fertilizer formula sprayed before heading and flowering of wheat: potassium dihydrogen phosphate + oxystrobin • tebuconazole + biphenyl • thiamethoxam, + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + prochloraz • tebuconazole + biphenyl • thiamethoxam, + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + oxime strobin • tebuconazole + pyraclosthrin + biphenyl • thiamethoxam, + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + pyraclostrobin azole ether • tebuconazole alcohol + cyhalothrin • imidacloprid;
(2) Foliar fertilizer formula sprayed at the filling stage after wheat flowering: potassium dihydrogen phosphate + flufenamide • thiamethoxam + tebuconazole • prochloraz + brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate + bifenthrin spotiaethoxam + pyraclostrobin • tebuconazole + brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate + cyhalothrin • thiamethoxam + tebuconazole • prochloraz + brassinolide.
(2) Foliar fertilizer spraying method at the heading and flowering stage of wheat and foliar fertilizer spraying method at the filling stage after flowering:
However, we should pay attention to the following points when spraying fertilizer in the late stage of wheat growth (heading and flowering to filling and maturity):
(1) Spraying foliar fertilizer during wheat heading and flowering: wheat field with poor growth ratio, insufficient water and fertilizer, and defertilization phenomenon, you can add 40-50 grams of urea to the sprayer when spraying; Wait until the wheat is all flowered (all the white flowers are finished) and then apply fertilizer, if the wheat heading and flowering period is just in time for the continuous rainy weather, then in this case, when it does not rain or something, you have to rush to spray, and you must spray again after the rain.
(2) spraying foliar fertilizer during the grain filling period after wheat flowering: as long as the wheat grain filling period encounters high temperature, drought and windy weather, or when the wheat in the field appears to be fertilized and the yellow leaves are premature senescence, or when there are pests and diseases such as sucking insects, aphids, powdery mildew, rust and other pests and diseases on the wheat ears, at this time, it is necessary to spray the fertilizer again, and each time the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, there must be potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is increased to about 150 grams when spraying during the filling period, and the effect is good to prevent the damage of dry hot wind in wheat). Plant growth regulators that can prevent and alleviate the damage of dry and hot air in wheat (such as brassinolide can help wheat reduce the evaporation of water in leaves), insecticides that can focus on killing sap suckers (such as flufenamide, thiamethoxam, high chlorine, etc.), if the wheat filling period has early leaf yellowing and drying, add 40-50 grams of urea to protect leaves and promote grain each spraying.
As long as the wheat enters the heading and flowering, filling and maturity period in May, the above three points are done, and then wait until the wheat enters the nine maturity and is harvested in time, that is, the wheat ear grains enter the end of the wax maturity stage is the best harvest period of wheat (the wheat harvest is too early and low in the milk maturity period, and the wheat ears are not fully filled and hardened at this time, and the wheat yield is low at this time, and the wheat harvest is too late in the maturity period, and the wheat ears are easy to fall off a large number of grains or encounter even rain that causes the wheat ears to rot, germination), then your wheat can basically achieve the final stable or high yield smoothly!
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