@秦楚刊号
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In the history of about 800 years in the Chu State, there were three cases of younger brothers killing their brothers and standing on their own...... There are also three cases of uncles killing their nephews and becoming self-reliant...... All the monarchs who are usurped must be sons and grandsons, who have probably made achievements and achievements, and they all appeared in the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Spring and Autumn Period, that is, the period when the Chu State turned weak into strong and small into large.
Confucius knew the rules and obeyed the rules, but now it seems that he has become a maverick, and there is great power in numbers, which is the contemptible thing about history.
One
All that exists are similar, and those that die are different.
In the entire Eastern Zhou Dynasty, as far as the vassal states were concerned, the most long-lived was the Wei State, which had a name in the second reign of Qin, but it was really insignificant, and the rest were destroyed by the Qin state.
The most famous of the six countries, the reasons for the destruction of the country are controversial. Su Xun's "Treatise on the Six Kingdoms" says that the disadvantage of the Six Kingdoms is that "non-soldiers are not good at war, and the disadvantage lies in bribing Qin", and the defects of the Qin State are habitual in the Six Kingdoms; Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" says that the success or failure lies in the "offensive and defensive momentum" from a macro perspective, similar to a pig on the tuyere.
The king of Qin swept Liuhe, and when it fell on the head of each one-sixth country, it was a solid dead country. When the country is broken, there will be no one to speak for it, and it will become deserved; Qin's destruction of the Six Kingdoms itself is to speak with facts, and there is no need to say more. There are always words, just waiting for an opportunity.
The seventh emperor of Great Qin died as a reunification of the second emperor, and the great country of heaven did great things, and all kinds of resentment came out. The loudest volume is naturally the state of Chu. First, the people who finally died Qin and finally built the Han were all from Chu, and secondly, Chu was indeed right.
In "The History of the Rise and Fall of the Chu State", Zhang Hongjie quoted the Ming scholar He Mengchun's "Yu Donglu Jundao" as saying: "Tian, Han, Zhao, Wei and Jin, are not old veins. However, Chu Xiang traced back to the bear and conceived the king, and his unification was not a traitor. Qi Zhitian, Jin Zhihan, Zhao, Wei, the country is unjust. Ying Qin continued Lu to win the world, and there was no regain of benevolence and righteousness. The name of righteousness, Chu Ke Ding'er. Although in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu and the Six Kingdoms will be destroyed, so Chu is the most innocent, and the people are pitiful, so it will be Chu who will die. ”
Lu Zuqian of the Southern Song Dynasty also said in the eleventh volume of "The Legend of Zuo": "Qin destroyed the six countries, all of them were taken by military warfare. Wei Chu was the most innocent, and he lured the king with a heavy coin and killed him. Later, the world died in Qin, and the disaster also originated from the remnants of Chu. Covering its destruction is also a big place against the hearts of the people. ”
"Chu's most innocent theory" first came from the Xuecheng Conference recorded in Sima Qian's "Historical Records", when in June of the second year of Qin II, at this meeting convened in Box Liang, Fan Zeng said, "Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, and Chu was the most innocent." Since King Huai entered Qin and did not rebel, the people of Chu have pitied him so far, so Nangong said, "Although Chu has three households, the death of Qin will be Chu." There is no Nangong in history, but there are Nangong's words, which is this eight-character idiom, or Fan Zeng relayed it.
On the evening of December 16, 1949, Stalin said in the small meeting room of the Moscow Kremlin, "It is a general axiom that the victor is not subject to trial (judgment) and cannot condemn the winner." The reverse of this sentence is that the victor judges the loser, the winner is the prince and the loser is the thief, in other words, history is written by the victor.
Coincidentally, the Chu people were destroyed, and the Chu people gained the world from the hands of the destroyers. Zhang Zhengming's "History of Chu" summarizes this classic as "16 years after Qin destroyed Chu, Chu died in Qin." This extreme reversal confirms the incomparable correctness of "Death Qin Bichu".
The folk unanimously believe that Chudi is Hubei, such as the movie "Chutian Fengyun" filmed in 1981, saying that the Ninghan confluence is close to the left, and the story takes place in Wuhan.
In fact, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chu was the largest vassal state in terms of land area, and almost all of South China from Suzhou and Anhui to Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and even Guangdong and Guizhou was the land of Chu. The land area of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was half of that of Chu.
The six kingdoms of the same era all owed this or that to Qin or the suzerainty of Great Zhou. The three families of Jin and Tian are divided into Qi, which is the impure bloodline for the Great Zhou, so these five families will be innocent of death; Yan Dan sent Jing Ke to assassinate Qin, and even took the initiative to seek death; and the Chu State, from beginning to end, the bloodline has always been pure to the end, and the banner is not down, not only did not provoke the Qin State, but also tore up the contract for it in order to seek peace; as a result, the Qin State actually deceived the King of Chu Huai to the Qin State and imprisoned him to death.
The world suffers from Qin, and the state of Chu is an enemy of Qin. In history, there have been two races that will take revenge if they are not destroyed, one is the Yehnara people and the other is the Chu people, both of which are examples of repercussions that will not be forgotten.
Two
Putting aside the success or failure of survival, the state of Chu has never been a fuel-efficient lamp.
Since Zhou Libo's novel "Great Changes in the Mountains and Towns", "tyranny" has become a phenomenal regional vocabulary, and various interpretations have pointed to the current Hunan people. Combined with the history of the Chu State, we will find that this word is very similar to the Chu State.
Hegemon is hegemon, hegemony, but not in the current meaning. "White Tiger Pass" said: "The overlord, Bo Ye, the duty of the uncle." "Mencius, Lilou, Dingyin" said: "The overlord, the long also." Words are the chief of the princes. "Kangxi Dictionary" says, "According to Mao's said: The uncle of the five uncles reads the ba." Uncle, take the righteousness of the princes of the shepherd, and the descendants are afraid of mixing with the word Hou Bo, so they borrow the word hegemony to distinguish it. ”
Zhang Hongjie explained this word and said, "If Zhou Tianzi is the father of the princes in the world, then 'Ba' is the elder brother among the princes." When the father is old and frail, and the family is in turmoil, it is necessary for the eldest brother to step forward and coordinate the relationship between the brothers. "There are various versions of the Spring and Autumn Five Tyrants, but no matter which one there is, there is King Chuzhuang.
About the barbarian barbarism - of course, it is not the meaning of brutality and toughness, this meaning only began to exist in the early Qing Dynasty - its origin: in the Zhou Dynasty, the Huaxia people gave specific titles to the surrounding ethnic minorities, and the definition of the direction given in the "Book of Rites and Monarchy" in the four books was: "East Yi, West Rong, South Barbarian, North Di" later evolved into Siyi.
Due to cultural boundaries, Siyi was despised by the Central Plains culture, and from the mainstream perspective at the time, this was certainly not a lie-"The Analects of the Eight Hundreds" said that "Yidi has a king, and it is better to die than Zhuxia." It means that although Yidi has a ruler but is rude, even if China has a short-term period of no monarch (such as the Zhou Zhao Republic), etiquette and righteousness still operate as usual - there will be no leaders in order, and the leaders will put their bicycles in a disorderly manner.
The barbarian guide is the party, and the south is the territory of the Chu State, and there is no other semicolon. Xiong Qu, the ancestor of the Chu State, openly said, "I am a barbarian, and I don't have a relationship with China." It means that since the mainstream culture doesn't look down on me, I simply don't look down on it.
To sum up, this is the root word of tyranny. It's good to say that Hunan is a tyrant, but it doesn't seem to refer specifically to Hunan.
Confucius did not hide his disdain for the 10,000 of the Chu State.
At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Xiong clan was established in Chu and became a viscount. An Yanfang said in the annotation of the "Historical Records": "After the Spring and Autumn Period, when the rulers of the vassal states were still called 'Gong', Xiong Tong ignored the opposition of the King of Zhou, and also called himself King Wu, that is, King Wu of Chu, and the rebellious character of the State of Chu was more prominent. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius revised the "Spring and Autumn Period", did not tolerate this kind of deviant behavior, and derogated the kings of Chu to "son" in the "Spring and Autumn Zuo Biography". ”
In fact, from beginning to end, the Zhou Dynasty only gave the viscount of the lord of Chu. Xiong Tong, the lord of Chu, used his ancestor to assist King Wen of Zhou to ask the Zhou Dynasty for Jin Jue but was refused, and was furious, "The king does not add me, I respect my ears!", and at that time he simply called himself King Wu.
In the entire legal system of the Zhou Dynasty, only Zhou Tianzi was called the king, and all the princes were titled according to the titles of the princes and princes. Xiong Tong is the first monarch in the history of Chu to be called king, and history also calls him King Wu by default. There were a total of 44 monarchs in the Chu State, Xiong Tong was the 17th generation, and all the monarchs who followed claimed to be kings.
An said that "derogatory titles" are to follow the mainstream of the trend, while Confucius's principle is self-denial and retribution, and the princes and lords are given by Zhou is legal, otherwise it is illegal. Confucius knew the rules and obeyed the rules, but now it seems that he has become a maverick, and there is great power in numbers, which is the contemptible thing about history.
Three
Fundamentally, acquiescing to mistakes is a very dirty cultural habit.
The most typical is that the unidirectional degree summarizes a group of people or regions, and after putting forward a seemingly powerful conclusion, it repeatedly makes a loud noise and whining on an infinite volume and a large scale, forcing the audience to accept and then admit it. It has a terrifying method of making raw rice into ripe rice, and dressing up the spread of fallacies as conventions.
Looking back now, the king of Chu happened to have one of the samadhi. Although he is not a knight of the central government, from the "Records of the Han Dynasty" to the present day of history textbooks, King Wu of Chu is not known as King Wu of Chu in history, and one of the five permanent tyrants is not known as King Zhuang of Chu in history? The culture has been invaded for a long time, and it is generally not the same as the iron wall.
Reading from ancient history to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it is a frightening thing, the Chinese people from their general simplicity to cunning, bloodthirsty, 515 years of evolution like a dream. Later generations said that there was no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn Period, probably yes.
Many people are familiar with the story of the Arab camel entering the tent, but the story of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in their own country must be very few, which is not necessarily lucky or sad.
In an era of sluggish discipline, the lord will inevitably decline and become delusional, because discipline is order and rules. The merchant entered the tent, the camel squeezed from outside the tent into the tent, and then kicked the merchant out, all of which seemed to be the Eastern Zhou Dynasty - the Spring and Autumn Period entered the account, and the Warring States camel kicked out. But in fact, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was a hundred camels, from eating grass to eating the same kind and finally eating people.
Happiness and revenge are not only in martial arts novels.
The king married his daughter-in-law to kill his son and pull his son's teacher on the boat, the teacher was killed all over the house if he didn't do it, and the teacher's youngest son escaped with his life, and he had the ability to take revenge, and the enemy died early, and the enemy was dug out of the grave and beaten with a copper stick - this is a typical routine of the net, the prototype was copied in the state of Chu, the king was King Chuping, and the avenger was Wu Zixu.
The people naturally paid attention to Wu Zixu's happiness and enmity, but they didn't notice that King Chuping was also happy, but this was the key. In the act of fruition, men and women do not teach themselves to eat and drink, and the cause is not something that the great Bodhisattva can do. If King Chuping doesn't do the first year of junior high school, Wu Zixu can't do fifteen, and this story won't happen.
The matter of digging up the grave and whipping the corpse to vent his anger is unprecedented and the history is endless, and Wu Zixu is the source here. People are not rotten when they die, and the 72 suspicious graves of Cao Cao in later generations, Yuan Chonghuan's secret burial, and tomb organs have all come out.
King Chuping himself, who was whipped by Wu Zixu, was called to abandon the disease. He is willful but not partial, not only killing courtiers, but also treating his relatives like the royal family, although his king also claims to be self-proclaimed, he obtained it through hard work - he forced his three own brothers to death, one of which was King Chu Ling.
King Ling is not a piece of cake without flaws, he also killed the heir Jia Ao and his two sons after the death of his brother King Chu Kang, and became King Chu Ling.
In the Eastern Zhou states, the state of Chu was extremely proficient in this process, and the diversity of permutations and combinations traversed the entire male morality: fathers, sons, nephews, and brothers.
Zhang Zhengming once summarized in the "History of Chu": "In the 800-year history of the Chu State, there are three cases of the younger brother killing his brother and standing on his own...... There are also three cases of the uncle killing his nephew and standing on his own......""All the monarchs who kill usurpers must be sons and grandsons, and most of them have made achievements and achievements, and they all appeared from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Spring and Autumn Period, that is, the period when the Chu State turned weak into strong and small into large...... "Reality is always more exciting than fiction."
The Chu State's monarchicide routine is single, and it is indomitable in implementation, which is much more ancestral than Kangxi's ancestral system. "Lü's Spring and Autumn Chajin" asked, "Shanghu is not the law of the first king?" Chu replied, "It has always been the law." "Until the state of Chu was about to die, Gongzi killed his younger brother Gongzi and stood up, and maintained consistency with the national leaders at the evening festival.
Four
In "Yi Zhongtian Chinese History: From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period", he said on behalf of King Chu Zhuang that "the spirit of the Chu people is 'tyranny', the spirit of the Chu people is 'disobedient to Zhou', the tradition of the Chu people is 'I am barbarian', and the mission of Chu Jun is to open up territory, counter China, and plot against the Central Plains", which is indeed precise.
It's not that Chu doesn't want to serve Zhou, but like Ah Q, he is not worthy of the surname Zhou. Zhou divided the princes in turn by blood relatives and relatives, forming a concentric circle ruling system, with the Chu state in the outermost part.
If this system is compared to a hen, Chu State is at best a chicken feather that has fallen. Although the ambition is high, no matter how the hen looks at it, it is also a hair. Fate is impermanent, so who said that chicken feathers can't go to heaven? So it went to heaven.
The first shadow in the history of Chu is that Shanggong was snubbed. On the Qiyang Alliance, King Zhou Cheng met with the princes, and the tribute offered by Chu Zixiong Yi was a bundle of fine thatch and "peach arc thorn arrows": there was thatch filter residue (shrinking wine) in the winemaking process, and peach wood bows and thorn arrows were also decent as magic weapons to ward off ghosts and evil spirits. A fief that is only 50 miles, the sacrifice can't even make up a sacrifice, and the sub-kingdom that has to go abroad to steal it, it's not bad to be able to take these out.
The assembly began, and the princes entered the temple. Chu Zi and Xianbei Jun were told not to enter, and they drank outside and watched the fire. Endure it and continue.
After becoming a king, he was King Kang, and another grievance and resentment of Chu Zi was recorded in the history books - "Zuo Chuan: The Twelfth Year of Zhao Gong" recorded that King Chu Ling said: "In the past, I was the first king Xiong Yi, and I worked with Lu Ling, Wang Sun Mou, Xie's father, and Fowl's father to serve King Kang. The four countries all have a share, and I am the only one. ”
The so-called division and non-division refers to the fact that the four kingdoms of Qi, Wei, Jin, and Lu all had treasures that symbolized status and power such as bells, tripods, cars, flags, and drums given by the Zhou Dynasty, but the Chu State did not. According to their identities, these four countries are all Zhou clans, and they are all princes, and Chu is a sub-country, so that's it. But according to the scope of work, the five countries have one thing and only four countries are rewarded, which is the intention.
Zhuge Liang said that "there is no big or small thing", the nature is important, Guan Zhong "two peaches kill three soldiers", no matter how small the peach is, it is big. Chu Guo began to think about good, thinking about washing white into white and adding white to white, since he can't do big white, he will make big black, and if the right path is not successful, it will be the opposite. The two grievances were recorded, and the state of Chu has been blackened since then.
So far, when the Hubei dialect expresses disbelief or unwillingness, it says "disobedient Zhou". The traces of the memories of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the past 2,000 years are still so clear, not to mention Qiu Qin.
The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is historically divided into two sections, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Spring and Autumn Period has five hegemons, and the Warring States has seven heroes, all of which are Chu States. People are the foundation of the country, and there is no shortage of talents in Chu State.
"Zuo Chuan: The Twenty-sixth Year of Xianggong" records a sentence that Dr. Cai Shengzi said to Chu Ling Yin Zimu: "Although Chu has talent, Jin is practical." This sentence has been preserved for thousands of years and has become two idioms of criticism and praise respectively, the idiom of criticism is widely applicable, and it is called Chu Caijin, and the praise has become exclusive, hanging on the door of Yuelu Academy, called only Chu has talent.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu and Jin were both overlords, and after the three families were divided into Jin, Jin ceased to exist, and it turned into a contest between Chu and Qin. Li Bai in "Baiyun Song Sends Liu Sixteen to Return to the Mountain": "Chu Mountain and Qin Mountain are all white clouds, and the director of Baiyun Division follows you." Long with the king, the king into the Chu Mountains, the clouds also follow the king to cross the Xiangshui ...... "Chu and Qin are both strong, the territory is connected, and it makes no sense for Qin to sweep Liuhe and not destroy Chu, this is a big situation strategy, and how to destroy the law is just a matter of means."
Whether it is Qiu Qin or disobedience to Zhou, it is all Chu's own business, and Zhou Qin must have his own opinions and opinions, but he has not remembered them and passed them down.
If you look at it from Zhou Qin's point of view, the state of Chu became big by not following the rules, and it destroyed the country by abiding by the rules.