#新生儿乙肝疫苗为什么要打三针 ##头条创作挑战赛#乙肝是由乙肝病毒 (HBV) is an infectious disease that spreads mainly through blood and other bodily fluids. It can lead to chronic infections, cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Because of the route of transmission of the hepatitis B virus and its serious potential consequences, hepatitis B vaccination is particularly important, especially in infants and newborns, to prevent transmission of the virus from mother to baby. Why does the hepatitis B vaccine need to be given in three doses?
Epidemiological background of hepatitis B
According to the World Health Organization, about 257 million people worldwide carry the hepatitis B virus. About 880,000 people die each year from hepatitis B-related diseases, especially in high-risk areas such as Asia and Africa. The high prevalence and severe consequences of hepatitis B make prevention particularly important.
The importance of the hepatitis B vaccine
The hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection. It prevents infection and transmission of the virus, especially vertical transmission from mother to baby. After vaccination, the vast majority of people can develop long-term immune protection.
Why get three shots
The hepatitis B vaccine is usually given in three doses, based on best practices based on the principles of immunity and clinical studies:
- First dose: Usually given within 24 hours of birth. This is because early vaccination maximizes the prevention of transmission of the virus from mother to newborn.
- Second dose: One month after the first dose. This dose is designed to enhance the immune response triggered by the first dose.
- Third dose: Usually given six months after the first dose. This dose helps prolong immune protection and ensures that individuals gain immunity to the hepatitis B virus in the long term.
Mechanisms of immunity in vaccination
When you get the hepatitis B vaccine, your immune system recognizes the antigen in the vaccine (hepatitis B surface antigen) and starts producing antibodies. These antibodies neutralize the hepatitis B virus and prevent it from infecting liver cells. The three-shot regimen stimulates the immune system multiple times so that antibody levels are high enough to provide long-term protection.
Data support for vaccine efficacy
According to several studies, a three-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimen can produce an effective immune response in more than 95% of vaccinated people. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that antibodies after vaccination can last for many years, even for life.
Global status of hepatitis B vaccination
Many countries have included the hepatitis B vaccine in their national immunization schedules. Globally, neonatal hepatitis B vaccination coverage has increased significantly. This popularity has helped reduce the spread of hepatitis B and reduce the burden of disease associated with hepatitis B.
summary
The three-dose regimen of the hepatitis B vaccine is based on scientific research and immunological principles and is designed to provide the strongest and long-lasting protection for newborns and infants. In this way, hepatitis B infection and associated serious health problems can be effectively prevented.