If you want fruit trees to grow well, you must do a good job in managing water and fertilizer in the orchard! If you want fruit trees to bloom and bear more fruits, and have a big fruit and good taste, reasonable watering and fertilization of the orchard must be indispensable! If you want to plant fruit trees with less money and high yield and output, you have to learn the skills of scientific watering and fertilization of the orchard!
Today's article, the agricultural technology basket will tell you about it: fruit trees begin to sprout in spring, until the fruit is ripe and harvested in autumn, a total of several times need to be fertilized, watered several times, each time at what time to fertilize and water, each time how to fertilize and water is scientific and reasonable!
The first water and fertilizer management: do a good job in the water and fertilizer management of fruit trees before spring germination
The main role of top dressing and watering before the spring germination of fruit trees is to help fruit trees sprout and grow leaves, so this time water and fertilizer are generally indispensable.
In the spring after the land thaws and warms up, and the fruit trees slowly recover from the winter, at this time we should apply some water and fertilizer to the roots of the fruit trees to increase the nutrient supply, so that the fruit trees can urge the fruit trees to sprout neatly and robustly as soon as possible, and at the same time lay a good material foundation for the fruit trees to draw a little strong leaves, if the water and fertilizer nutrition can not keep up at this time, it will not only lead to the delay of the budding period of the fruit trees, the uneven germination of new shoots, the poor development of the bud body, but also lead to the poor development of the small leaves of the fruit trees, and the poor flowering quality.
In the management of water and fertilizer before the germination of fruit trees, the agricultural technology basket focuses on reminding everyone of two points: one is to pay attention to the type and amount of top dressing, and the other is to pay attention to the time and temperature of watering.
Normally, the top dressing before the early spring germination of fruit trees, should be based on high nitrogen, phosphorus and low potassium fertilizer, if you are using water-soluble fertilizer to top dressing fruit trees, then each mu of orchard combined with watering per mu to flush 5-6 kg of high nitrogen type large element water-soluble fertilizer can be, if you are using compound fertilizer to top dressing fruit trees, then each mu of orchard only needs to apply about 15-20 kg of high nitrogen nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, after fertilization, timely watering to promote fertilizer decomposition is absorbed by fruit trees.
Generally speaking, it should be carried out 10-15 days before the germination of fruit trees, or when the temperature rises to more than 8-10 degrees, if the blind topdressing and watering time is too early, it will cause the soil temperature of the orchard to decrease, which is not conducive to the smooth germination and leaf growth of fruit trees.
The second water and fertilizer management: do a good job in the water and fertilizer management of fruit trees before spring flowering
The main function of topdressing and watering before the fruit tree blooms in spring is to promote the flowering and flower preservation of the fruit tree and strengthen the tree, so the water and fertilizer can generally not be less.
After the fruit tree sprouts and pulls the leaves in the spring, it is necessary to grow new and new leaves, and to develop flower buds to prepare for flowering, at this time the nutrient consumption of the tree body increases, if the fruit tree is short of water and fertilizer and less water at this time, it is easy to cause the problem of vigorous growth of new leaves and fruit tree flowering to compete for nutrients, so as to cause poor flowering quality, poor pollination during flowering, and reduced fruit setting rate. A large number of flowers and young fruits are lost, so at this time, we should also give them a proper catch-up fertilizer before the fruit trees bloom, so as to ensure that the nutrient supply of the fruit trees is sufficient, which can not only achieve the purpose of strengthening the leaves and slightly fattening the leaves, but also achieve the effect of promoting flowering and improving the fruit setting rate.
In addition, we have another purpose of topdressing and watering before the fruit tree flowering, to prevent the fruit tree from affecting normal flowering and pollination and fruit setting due to drought and lack of water and fertilizer during the flowering period, this is because when the fruit tree enters the flowering period until the early stage of flowering and fruit setting, this period of time is generally not able to topdressing and watering the fruit tree, otherwise it is easy to cause a large number of fruit trees to fall during the flowering period and a large number of fruits during the fruit setting period.
Under normal circumstances, the top dressing of fruit trees before flowering, especially the fruit trees with weak deviation of the overall tree potential in spring, we can be 7-15 days before the flowering of fruit trees (10-15 days in advance with compound fertilizer, 7-10 days in advance of water-soluble fertilizer), combined with orchard watering to give fruit trees topdressing once, the amount of topdressing and watering is not too large, generally topdressing should be based on nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer as a supplement, a small amount of potassium, The principle of appropriate supplementation of micro-fertilizer for top dressing, top dressing can be applied 8-10 kg per mu of medium and high nitrogen or balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or 3-4 kg of medium and high nitrogen type large element water-soluble fertilizer can be, and then per mu orchard with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% boric acid spraying 1-2 times to the fruit tree Zhuang slightly promote the flower and fruit to the fruit tree (wait until the fruit tree flowers after the foliar fertilizer formula to add calcium-containing foliar fertilizer and spray 1 time).
However, we need to pay attention to the fact that if your fruit tree has sufficient water and fertilizer conditions in the orchard before flowering and the tree is very vigorous, then the water and fertilizer before the fruit tree flowering can not be applied, and then top dressing and watering together after the fruit tree is flowering and fruit setting.
Another point needs to be reminded: before the fruit trees bloom, if the soil under the ground in your orchard 10-20 cm can be grasped into a soil mass (soil moisture is above 60%), it means that your orchard has good moisture. It can meet the water needs of fruit trees during the flowering period, in this case, the fruit trees should not be watered before flowering, because the fruit trees keep the orchard soil properly dry before and during the flowering period (the best soil moisture during the flowering period is about 50-55%), which will be more conducive to smooth and full flowering and improve the quality of flowering and pollination of fruit trees.
The third water and fertilizer management: do a good job in the water and fertilizer management of fruit trees after flowering and fruit setting to before the young fruits expand and turn color
The main role of top dressing and watering before the spring flowering of fruit trees is to protect the fruit and promote the fruit, so the water and fertilizer are not less this time.
In fact, most fruit farmers are not clear about the process of young fruit expansion and the principle of fruit expansion after fruit setting of fruit trees, so there are big misunderstandings in the management of water and fertilizer in the young fruit stage.
For most fruit trees, the next 40 days after the fruit tree sets the flower, this period is the key period when the number of young fruit cells and the fastest division of young fruit cells are vigorous, and when the fruit tree is more than 40 days after flowering, the young fruit will basically no longer divide the cells, but concentrate on the rapid growth and expansion of each cell.
That is to say, the more the number of cells that divide out of the young fruit body within 40 days after the fruit tree blooms (fruit cell division period), then the young fruit on your fruit tree can grow into a large fruit later, which is the premise and the first determinant of whether the young fruit can grow into a large fruit; 。 That is, "no nitrogen does not grow fruit, and nitrogen-deficient fruit is not big".
In the young fruit concentration a large number of dividing cells, At the same time, the rapid expansion of the cell individual, at this time, the flower buds used to flower and bear fruit in the next year of the fruit tree will also differentiate and develop at the same time, and the new leaves on the fruit tree also need to be supplied with nutrients, these three aspects need to consume a large amount of nutrients in the fruit tree, if the supply of water and fertilizer nutrients in the orchard is insufficient during this period, then not only the young fruit on the tree can not grow into a large fruit (the fruit size of the year is small), and the flower buds on the fruit tree will also be poorly differentiated (poor flowering and fruit setting in the next year), and the growth of new leaves on the fruit tree will also become worse (the growth of the fruit tree will become weaker and worse) 。
Therefore, our fruit farmers need to ensure sufficient nutrient supply to the tree during the entire young fruit expansion period after the fruit tree flowers and fruit set, so as to avoid the fruit tree due to lack of water and fertilizer, and the fierce competition between the branches and flowers and fruits for the nutrients of the tree body and affect the expansion and development, and the most direct way to supply nutrients to the fruit tree is to water and fertilize the orchard.
So how to manage the water and fertilizer in the orchard after the fruit set and before the young fruit expands and turns color?
(1) 10-15 days after the fruit tree flowering, after the young fruit on the tree is completely seated (about mid-to-late May to early June, depending on the fruit tree variety), at this time, before the young fruit has not ushered in the first expansion peak, hurry to the orchard per mu combined with watering to apply 5-6 kg of high-nitrogen-type nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (if the tree is generally prosperous, use balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macro-element water-soluble fertilizer), and wait until the first flush after the application of water and fertilizer for another 15-20 days, at this time, the fruit tree is then applied 1 time of balanced fertilizer or high nitrogen fertilizer per mu (this fertilization depends on the tree potential, weak trees use high nitrogen fertilizer, Wang tree with balanced fertilizer). If you use ordinary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer for fertilizing your fruit trees, then you can use 15-20 kg of high-nitrogen fertilizer per mu each time (fertilizer with the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content for prosperous trees).
Maybe many fruit farmers have to ask: Isn't it better to supplement potassium to fruit trees to expand the fruit? The first fruit expansion period after the fruit setting of young fruits, in fact, young fruits need to supplement a large amount of nitrogen to stimulate the number of cell division and increase the volume, although potassium is also needed at this time, but at this time the demand for potassium in young fruits is not much, at this time you blindly go to the fruit tree to supplement a large amount of potassium fertilizer, not only can not stimulate the growth of young fruits, but also easy to inhibit the expansion of young fruits, because the lack of nitrogen in fruit trees within 40 days after fruit setting will cause the number of young fruit cells to decrease, At the same time, excessive potassium supplementation in the early stage of young fruit will inhibit the root system of fruit trees from absorbing nitrogen from the soil, and aggravate the nitrogen deficiency problem of increased cell division of young fruit cells.
(2) In order to improve the fruit retention rate of fruit trees, reduce the fruit drop rate of fruit trees, and also to promote the expansion of young fruits by dividing cells of fruit trees, and reduce the problems of rot/fall/crack/soft/disease/deformity of young fruits, it is recommended that you start from 7-10 days after the fruit trees are flowering, and continuously use potassium dihydrogen phosphate + boron-containing foliar fertilizer +Calcium-containing foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice, sprayed every 7-10 days, especially in the early stage of young fruits, calcium and boron nutrients must be supplemented with fertilizer (especially within 40 days after flowering), which must be kept in mind.
(3) During the whole fruit expansion period after the fruit tree sits on the fruit, until the young fruit on the tree is colored and mature, this period of time must be combined with the weather and rain conditions and the dry and wet changes of the orchard soil, and the orchard soil is kept moist by watering without drought or waterlogging, and there is no drastic change in dry and wet, that is, the management of the orchard should keep up with the drought and waterlogging.
The fourth water and fertilizer management: it is necessary to do a good job in the water and fertilizer management from the fruit coloring period to maturity and harvest
The main role of topdressing and watering from the fruit expansion period to the maturity period after fruit setting of fruit trees in summer is to color and sweeten and increase weight of the fruit trees, so this time the water and fertilizer are even more indispensable.
The water and fertilizer management of fruit trees from flowering, fruit setting, swelling to coloring and maturity is "more in the middle and less at both ends" in terms of watering, and "mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, potassium fertilizer in the later stage, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the middle".
In the normal orchard water and fertilizer management, the agricultural technology small back basket gives you a few fertilization suggestions:
(1) When topdressing after the hard core of the fruit on the tree, it is recommended that you combine watering with 5-6 kg of balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macro-element water-soluble fertilizer or 15-20 kg of balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu of orchard or 15-20 kg of balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (the tree is particularly weak can continue to use medium and high nitrogen fertilizer), and when the fruit trees on the tree are about to begin to color, it is recommended that you combine watering to apply 5-6 kg of high-potassium medium and low-phosphorus nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macro-element water-soluble fertilizer per mu of orchard or 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (the purpose of phosphorus supplementation at this time is to promote the smooth differentiation of fruit trees in the next year's flower buds, and nitrogen fertilizer should be used less or even no longer when the tree is very vigorous topdressing) When the orchard is then topdressed, you can follow this amount and formula for topdressing, and the tree has been until half a month before the fruit is ripe and harvested, in the end, whether to use topdressing again, how many times you need to chase fertilizer, which requires you to see the difference in varieties, the maturity period is early and late, the strength of the tree, the orchard water and fertilizer level and other flexible decisions.
(2) We should pay attention to: fruit trees generally need to strictly control and gradually reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer from before the fruit is about to change color (or) until the fruit is ripe and harvested (at this time, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to stimulate the new slightly vigorous growth and directly affect the fruit expansion, color and weight gain), and by adding potassium fertilizer to the fruit tree to promote the expansion of young fruits, coloring, sweetening, and weight gain, because at this time the fruit tree will usher in the peak demand for potassium fertilizer, that is, "no potassium fruit is not heavy, potassium deficiency fruit is not sweet".
At the same time, when the fruit trees begin to color, the orchard should gradually reduce the number of watering times and watering, appropriately reduce a little soil moisture, and wait until the fruit trees enter the 10-15 days before the fruit harvest, at this time it is necessary to gradually stop watering completely (otherwise it is easy to aggravate the problems of rotten fruit, cracked fruit, soft fruit, fruit drop, etc.), and it is easy to stimulate the vigorous growth of fruit trees, and slightly affect the normal coloring of the fruit and the early market. Note: We must remember the two major water control periods for fruit trees throughout the year: water control during flowering and water control before maturity.
(3) We should also pay attention to: in order to promote the fruit on the tree to better uniform coloring, sweetening and weight gain, and reducing fruit abnormalities (such as rot/crack/soft/fruit drop), during this time, fruit farmers should not only do a good job in the management of water and fertilizer at the root of the fruit tree (which is the foundation of fertilization and watering of fruit trees to ensure nutrient supply), but also use potassium dihydrogen phosphate + calcium-containing foliar fertilizer to spray the fruit tree 1-2 times, especially the fruit needs to focus on calcium fertilizer one month before maturity and harvest (calcium-containing foliar fertilizer is the best way to quickly supplement calcium for fruit trees).
Generally speaking, during the growth and development period of fruit trees from budding to fruit picking, these four times of water and fertilizer management can ensure that the orchard achieves stable or high yield. However, for those fruit trees (such as cherries, grapes, etc.) that germinate early, flowering and fruiting early, and mature and pick fruit early, generally after the fruit is ripe and harvested, the agricultural technology small back basket recommends that you apply a little "post-fruit fertilizer" (commonly known as "confinement fertilizer") to the fruit trees 7-10 days after all the fruit trees are picked, so as to increase nutrients to the fruit trees and help the fruit trees that end the growth period to recover as soon as possible, so as to lay a good foundation for the next year's continued high yield and stable harvest.
After all, it is necessary to reapply autumn bottom fertilizer after the fruit tree falls leaves in autumn, but the fruit tree must be topdressed with high-nitrogen fertilizer (it is best to use it with bacterial fertilizer when the fruit tree is picked), and at the same time, it is necessary to spray 1-2 times of foliar fertilizer to the fruit tree (it is recommended that potassium phosphate be used with zinc, boron, magnesium, calcium-containing foliar fertilizer) to enhance leaf photosynthesis. Improve the nutrient production capacity of the tree, so that the fruit tree can accumulate and store more nutrients before wintering.
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