The Four Seasons Bowl was an important political system in the Liao Dynasty, and in the middle and late Liao Dynasty, the Spring Bowl mainly dealt with the border affairs in the northeast of the Liao Dynasty, which was particularly important in the situation of the Jurchen tribe gradually becoming stronger. "Liao History: Yingwei Zhi" contains, "Spring Bowl: Said Duck River." The emperor's tent was raised at the beginning of the first month, and it arrived on about 60 days. Before the swans arrived, Zhuo tent was on the ice, and the ice was chiseled to take fish. Bingpan is a longitudinal eagle catching geese and geese. Morning rise and dusk return, engaged in hunting. Twenty miles from east to west, thirty miles from north to south, thirty miles from north to south, thirty-five miles in the northeast of Changchun Prefecture, there are sand pots on all sides, and there are many elm willow and apricot forests. "Yanbei Lu" contains, "The spring bowl is more than thirty miles northeast of Changchun Prefecture, and Luodian sits down." "Among the many pos that the spring bowl travels through, the duck river pod has been endowed with heavy brushwork, but its location has been unresolved. Since the location of Yazi River and Changchun Prefecture has been clearly described, the presumption of the state governance of Changchun Prefecture is the most critical. When scholars discuss this issue, they often refer to the city and the berth, and sometimes even use whether there is a lake in the northeast of the city site that conforms to the historical records as the standard for judging the state governance of Changchun Prefecture.
01 Duck River Bo Zhu Zhu comment
There are five main views on the view of the Ya River Pond. First, Mao Xingbao of Zhaoyuan County said. Li Jiancai believes that "the Maoxing bubble in the northeast of Tahu City is the Yazi River in the northeast of Changchun Prefecture", Wu Peiyu, Zheng Xiushan and others all hold this view, and the "Historical Atlas of China" also notes Tahu City as Changchun Prefecture, which has the most extensive influence. Second, Anguang County Huanghua Xiaobo (Wujianfang Reservoir) said. "Fengtian Tongzhi" believes that "the four sons of today's city are the former sites of Liao, Changchun Prefecture and Jintai Prefecture...... The duck river is now a little yellow flower." Sun Xiuren and Jia Jingyan both agreed with this. Because Huanghua Xiaobo was nearly dry in the early days of liberation, and there was no picture of it, so Song Dehui, Peng Shanguo and others pushed the Yazi River to be the Wujianfang Reservoir adjacent to its north, and according to the derivation later, Huanghuaxiaobo and Wujianfang Reservoir are both at the bottom of the same ancient lake, which is actually the same place.
Third, the moon bubble in Da'an City said. Cao Tingjie believes that "Nalasara Pond is dozens of miles northeast of his Tiger City", which is in line with Yingwei Zhi, so Tahu City is Changchun Prefecture, and the moon bubble is a duck river. Jing Fangchang believes: "In the northwest of today's Bedoune, in the southwest of the Nara Sara Bilten Lake, there is the Tiger City, that is, the ancient city of Daru. The lower reaches of the Taoer River to the place where the Nenjiang River will enter, the first lake is the outline of the waterway, named Nalan Salan Pond, especially the Sun and Moon Pond. Jin Yuhuang also said this. On this basis, Fu Lehuan further speculated that the moon bubble is the fish berth, and the fish berth is the duck river. Since the Moon Bubble is opposite to Tahu City, and the number of miles in the ancient city of Sijiazi in the city is very different, Zhang Baizhong believes that this may be the name of the spring bowl in the "Yingwei Zhi" or the distance to Changchun Prefecture is wrong, and "the northeast of the ancient city of Sijiazi is in the swampy water network area of the lower reaches of the Taoer River (Changchun River), which is a very ideal place for spring hunting."
Fourth, the former Guo County Chaganhu said. Wang Guowei believes that "the Yazi River is now the Songhua River, and the Yazi River is the Kolbcha Hanbo in the west of the Songhua River." Thirty-five miles southwest of it is Changchun Prefecture, Liaoning, where Jin Changchun County is located". Japanese scholars such as Matsui also hold this view. Fifth, Zhaoyuan County Wulan Nuoer Pao said. Yang Zhonghua believes that Zhaoyuan Wulan Nuoer is a duck river, and the corresponding Changchun Prefecture should be located in the ancient city of Dalai (Banlacheng), and Wang Jingyi agrees.
"Yingwei Zhi" and "Yanbeilu" are conclusive, and agreeing with this point is the premise for continuing to explore the location of the duck river. First of all, there is no large city site near the moon bubble, and it does not match the number of miles in the ancient city of Sijiazi in the city, and it does not coincide with the direction of Tahu City, which is excluded; secondly, there is no large city site in the southwest of Chagan Lake, which is excluded; finally, the ancient city of Dalai (Banla City) in the south of Wulannuoer Pao, according to the archaeological survey data of recent years, the city site is of very low grade, and the relics are mainly in the Jin Dynasty, which can also be ruled out. From the perspective of objective conditions, the two combinations of Chengsijiazi Ancient City and Huanghua Xiaobo, Tahucheng and Maoxingbao all meet the scale of Changchun Prefecture and the orientation and lizhi of Yahebo (Figure 1). The discussion on whether the governor of Changchun Prefecture is located in Tahucheng or the ancient city of Sijiazi has always been a hot topic in academic circles, and those who oppose the ancient city of Chengsijiazi as Changchun Prefecture mostly think that the water area of Huanghua Xiaobo or Wujianfang Reservoir is too small, which is inconsistent with the Yazi River Bo "20 miles from east to west and 30 miles from north to south".
In order to solve this problem, we will combine remote sensing geomorphology and hydrogeography to comprehensively discuss the two theories of Huanghua Xiaobo and Xingbao.
02 Geographical location analysis of Yazi River based on SRTM-DEM
Although there are different views on the location of the Yazi River, most scholars agree that there may be differences between the hydrological appearance of the Liaojin period and the present day, including the migration of the water network and the rise and fall of the water surface. This kind of hydrological change will inevitably limit and act under objective geomorphological conditions, and the clues should be visible through the observation of remote sensing geomorphological images. We use the SRTM-DEM data (SRTM3) obtained by the interferometric radar topographic survey mission of the American space shuttle Endeavour, and draw elevation maps and render the areas of Maoxingpao, Wujianfang Reservoir and Huanghua Xiaobo through GlobalMapper software, and obtain remote sensing landform images of the two areas as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
1. Maoxing bubble
Maoxingpao, also known as Tashihai, is in the northwest of Maoxing Town, Zhaoyuan County, and is an inter-river depression lake with a length of 9.5 kilometers and a maximum width of 4.7 kilometers. The cause is that the meandering depression is blocked by the accumulation of wind and sand. As we can see from Figure 2, the plane of Maoxing bubble is oval, and the long axis is northwest-southeast, which is consistent with the flow direction of the Nenjiang River in this section, and traces of ancient river meanders can be seen in the southwest and southeast, and the lake water is mainly supplied by the river water in flood years. From the geomorphological point of view of the Maoxing Lake Basin, the longest east-west direction of Maoxing Pao can not exceed 20 li, and the widest north-south direction can not exceed 10 li, no matter how the hydrological conditions change, it is impossible to form the water area of "20 miles from east to west, 30 miles from north to south", and the direction of the long axis is opposite to the Yazi River, so Maoxingpao does not conform to the geomorphological characteristics of forming the shape of the water area of the Yazi River, so the Maoxing Pao of the Yahe River is not valid.
2. Huanghua Xiaobo, Wujianfang Reservoir and Liuhe-Chagangu Lake Basin
Huanghua slightly berthed and made yellow flower slightly longer, yellow flower Shuo, yellow flower burning, seen in the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China period of the gazetteer, the puppet Manchurian period dried up. "Fengtian Tongzhi" contains, "Huanghua is slightly longer from the right bank of the Taoer River in the northwest of Qiaojiaweizi Village, ninety miles north of the west of Anguang County, and crosses the east of Gahaitu Village in the southeast, and then turns north through the south of Niuyingzi Village, and bends to the east and south, passes through the Huanghua slightly south, and ends in the north of Liuhetang Village, which is forty-six miles north of the west of the county, and ends in the north of Liuhetang Village, which is more than 50 miles long, and the width reaches more than four miles, and the narrow place only passes through the trickle. Xuantong "Anguang County Native Chronicles" contains, "forty miles northwest of the city Huanghua boiled with water bubbles, its water is also by the Taoer River tributary Zhuo Zhuan, the east bubble is 123 miles wide, the west bubble is 167 miles wide, the middle bubble is slightly smaller and the boss, the second bubble is far away...... The boss of the eleventh district of the blister, the second and the three bubbles of the yellow flower roast are the most huge, the rest is only one or two miles wide, all of them are returned by the stagnant water, each bubble is produced by fish, and the three bubbles of the yellow flower roast are particularly complicated. ”
"Qing Historical Manuscript" contains, "Taoer River from the house into the Huanghua Shuobo water, northeast flow, Qu southeast, into the Heilongjiang River Da Cheng Hall, its north bank is the east of the town. The Republic of China's "Geography of Inner Mongolia" contains, "Huanghua Shuochi, in the south of the old mansion, three pools are connected, by the Lihe River can pass through the south of the Guoerlus Banner of the Chagan Dragor, is the Taoer River mouth slippery formation, about 20 miles around. In addition, the "Anguang County Native Chronicles" attached to the "Anguang County and Map" and "Taonan Prefecture All Belong and Map" also depict the Huanghua Slightly Bo, it can be seen that the Taoer River tributaries flow into the Huanghua Po in the southeast, and the three pools are connected to the east and west, and the east and west bubbles are larger, and the middle bubbles are smaller. According to the above historical data and combined with the map, it can be presumed that Huanghua Xiaobo is in the jurisdiction of Chagan Town, Da'an City, in which the West Bubble is located in the fork dry bubble in the north of the West School Hall, the middle bubble is located in the north belly bubble in the west of Baijiawei Zitun, and the east bubble is located in the east big bubble of Chagan Town. Wujianfang Reservoir is located on the right side of the lower reaches of Taoer River in Wujianfangtun, Liuhe Township, Sheli Town, Da'an City, south of Huanghua Xiaobo, built in 1976, with a total catchment area of 37.15 square kilometers, which is an artificial lake in the plain area.
In terms of the shape of the lake and the area of the water, it is obvious that the Huanghua Xiaobo is not consistent with the Yazi River Bo. Mr. Jia Jingyan explained: "The old saying is that the moon bubbles as the duck river, but the duck river is more than 20 miles from east to west and 30 miles from north to south, which seems to be inconsistent with the yellow flower; Through the observation of Figure 2, we find that the Huanghua Xiaobo and Wujianfang reservoirs are both located in the same ancient lake basin, which we tentatively call the Liuhe-Chagan ancient lake basin. The ancient lake basin is ear-shaped, located in the low wind erosion terrace on the south bank of the Taoer River, surrounded by hills, and about 6 "sweeps" formed by prevailing wind erosion can be seen intermittently in the lake basin, which is speculated to be caused by the combined action of wind and water flow. The Tao'er River flows from the westernmost side of the lake basin into the Huanghua Xiaobo located in the south of the ancient lake basin, and flows into Chagan Lake through the south of the Lihe River when the water is in full bloom. The Wujianfang Reservoir is located in the northern part of the Guhu Basin, which is slightly higher than the southern part of the reservoir and will not be submerged during non-wet periods.
The author believes that the Liuhe-Chagan ancient lake basin is the location of the Yahe River in the Liao Dynasty for the following reasons: (1) the Liuhe-Chagan ancient lake basin is about 10.9 kilometers wide from east to west and about 15 kilometers long from north to south, which is completely consistent with the Yazi River basin "20 miles from east to west and 30 miles from north to south"; (2) from the northeast of the ancient city of Sijiazi to the inlet of the ancient lake basin near Qingyou Village, Liuhe Township, which is about 19.5 kilometers, which is also consistent with the Yahe River basin "35 miles northeast of Changchun Prefecture"; According to Figure 3 combined with satellite photos and field investigations, it can be seen that the hills around the ancient lake basin are seriously desertified, and the western part of the lake basin is full of continuous sand mounds and sand hills, which conforms to the geomorphological characteristics of "sand pots on all sides" in the Yazi River; (4) In the products of Anguang area in the late Qing Dynasty, "the fruits are only wild apricots, the branches are low and small, and the height is only a few feet", "the wood has elm willow, the low and small are the same as wild apricots, and there are no tall and large forests, and the natives call it elm willow" , indicating that the vegetation characteristics of this place are also in line with the natural landscape of Yahebo "multi-elm willow apricot forest". To sum up, the Liuhe-Chagangu Lake basin should be the Yazi River Basin, and it is correct to presume that the Yazi River Basin is near the Huanghua Xiaobo or Wujianfang Reservoir.
03 Analysis of the spring map of the murals of the Dongling Tombs in Liaoqing
Qingdong Mausoleum, located in the right banner of Bahrain in Chifeng City, is the Yongqing Mausoleum of Liao Shengzong. On the four walls of the middle room of the Qingdong Mausoleum, there are four seasons of landscape maps of spring, summer, autumn and winter, symbolizing the scene of the bowl at four o'clock. The "Spring Picture" is 350 centimeters high and 240 centimeters wide, with a pool of spring water in the center of the picture, floating in the distance, with wild ducks, swans, and mandarin ducks playing freely in the water, apricots, peonies, and dandelions on the shore, plantain and aquatic shrubs dotted in between, and cranes soaring above auspicious clouds in the distant sky, surrounded by gentle and narrow sand hills (Figure 4). The mural is believed to be a true portrayal of the spring bowl field, and the water depicted in the painting is often depicted as a stream and pond due to the proportions of the water surface to the ducks, geese, and flowers and plants at the water's edge (Fig. 5).
In fact, in order to highlight the theme, the landscape map of the four seasons of Qingdongling does not stick to reality in terms of perspective relationship and structural proportion, such as distant mountains are often larger than close views, and peonies are several times higher than deer. Therefore, the waters in the "Spring Map" may be very mysterious. In the early period of the Holy Sect, the spring bowl is mostly in Yanfangdian, Mandarin Duck Bo and other places, since the second year of Taiping, the spring bowl is specialized in the Duck River, the Mingtong River, the Changchun River, the Yuerbo and other places near Changchun Prefecture, and has become a regular system, and then Xingzong, Taoism, Tianzuo Emperor all follow this system. It is true that the "History of Liao" rarely contains an account of the Liao Emperor stationed in the Yazi River, but as far as the description of the "Yingwei Zhi" is concerned, it is a fact that the Yazi River is the permanent residence of the spring bowl. Therefore, the "spring map" depicted in the murals of Qingdong Mausoleum is most likely to be the duck river.
Fig. 4 Line drawing of the spring map of the mural of Qingdongling
Fig. 5 Detail of the mural spring picture
We first use the horizontal plane function in the GlobalMapper software to simulate the water level of the ancient lake basin to obtain the water contour of the heyday of the ancient lake, and when we look down on this water area from west to east, we find that the geomorphological shape and contour of the eastern part of the ancient lake are similar to the "spring map" The contours of the middle water area and the direction and contours of the sand hill in the map are surprisingly close, and the murals can correspond to the geomorphological features of the ancient lake basin one by one. As can be seen from Figure 6, A is the main stream of the Taoer River, B is the channel of the Taoer River into the Guhu Basin, C and E are the terraces on the south bank of the Taoer River, D is the narrow Changshagang in the northwest-southeast direction, F may contain the Huanghua slightly west and middle bubbles, G is the higher sand gang exposed in the center of the ancient lake, H is the present Chagan Town, I is the Lihe River connecting the Huanghua slightly east and west, J is the Huanghua slightly east bubble, the lake water flows south through the Lihe Lake at L to Chagan Lake (Hu Linbo), and K is the east bank of the Guhu Basin.
Among them, the emphasis on the independent elliptical water body at point J in the "Spring Map" is completely consistent with the lake bay in the southeast of the ancient lake basin, that is, the old Huanghua Xiaobo Dongpao and the present-day Chaganzhen Dongdabao. However, the water body of "Chuntu" does not correspond to the western part of the Guhu Basin, that is, the Wujianfang Reservoir. We find that the "Chuntu" emphasizes the two landforms of "Depression and Tidal Flat" (the white part in Fig. Liuchun) and "Gangdi Shatuo" (the light gray part in Fig. Liuchun) through lines, and the depression between K and G continues to the west, and we believe that this depression is the Wujianfang Reservoir area for the following reasons: (1) Yazi River is a seasonal lake, and the lake is fed by the Taoer River, and spring is the dry period, so "Chuntu" (2) The spring map depicts the Yazi River in the late Liao Shengzong period, and the description of the Yazi River in the Yingwei Zhi should be in the late Liao period, during which hydrological changes may have occurred.
Among the four emperors of Liaosheng, Xing, Dao and Tianzuo, Daozong was the emperor who carried out the most spring bowls in the Changchun Prefecture area, accounting for more than half of the total number of times, and the Daozong period was the period of concentrated floods in the Liao Dynasty. Compared with the Shengzong period, the flood mainly occurred in Nanjing Dao, the Taoist period was the first time in the Changchun Prefecture area there was a record of the flood, the Taoist Shouchang three years "Jia Shixun Epitaph" contains "Hu driving the spring water, the edict committee rules the spring, Taizhou two state embankment", the Tazicheng unearthed "Da'an seven years" carved stone also saw the words "the head of the west head to worship the official Taizhou embankment □", which shows that in the Daozong Da'an, Shoulong years, the Taoer River, the Yuer River had flooded, and the Yazi River "east and west twenty miles, north and south thirty miles" of the grand occasion probably appeared in this period. It is worth noting that, combined with the remote sensing topographic map, we can see that the painting perspective of the "Spring Map" is from west to east, and the terrain of the Guhu Basin is high in the west and low in the east, and the secondary terrace at the western inlet, that is, the hill at the lower right of the "Spring Map", is the commanding height of the area. To sum up, the landscape depicted in the "Spring Map" mural of Qingdongling should be a true portrayal of the miniature Liuhe-Chagan ancient lake basin.
Fig.6 Topographic comparison between the spring map and the Liuhe-Chagan ancient lake basin
04 The building site of Hejia Xinzi and Aslenzhao should be the Spring Bowl Palace
Song Wangyi's "Yanbei Lu" contains: "There are more spring bowls than thirty miles northeast of Changchun Prefecture. This document illustrates three points: first, in the early years of Taoism, there was already a fixed place near the Yazi River; second, the bank was located in the northeast of Changchun Prefecture, thirty miles northeast, and there was a certain distance difference between the bank and the Yazi River; third, the "Luodian" in "just Luodian dwelling and sitting" should be the field next to the Yazi River, and the word "just" indicates that the bank was still a tent building in the early years of the Taoist sect. According to the "Book of Mourning of the Emperor of Daozong Rensheng Daxiaowen", "Shouchang seven years old Xin Si first month Ren Shushuo thirteenth day Jiaxu, Daxing Tianyou Emperor collapsed in Shaoyang Chuanxing in the place", Changchun Prefecture has Shaoyang Army, "Shaoyang" means spring, and "Changchun" opposite, Xingzong Chongxi nine years had "watched the fishing in the mixed river, flying in the Shaoyang Army", so "Shaoyang Chuanxing in the place" should be near Changchun Prefecture.
In addition, "The Epitaph of Xiao Min's Wife Yelu Bone Desire Has Been Fascinated" contains: "Urge to go to the northeast suburbs of the Shaoyang Army to anchor there...... On the 25th day of the mid-spring month of the fifth year of Xianyong, he thanked him in the line account. "Xiao Fuyan's Epitaph" contains: "On the seventh day of May in the summer of the sixth year of Xianyong, Xiao Gong, the envoy of Xuanhui and the Pingzhang of the same Zhongshumen, was in the suburbs of Changchun Prefecture...... For six years, Luan Yu hunted in the north, and Zhao Gong was subordinate to Yu Xing. No safari feast has ever been □□...... There is nothing to add to it, as for the dying. The above two epitaphs also say that the location of the Spring Bowl Palace, that is, the northeastern suburbs of the Shaoyang Army (Changchun Prefecture), corroborates each other with the "Yanbei Lu" and the Taoist Book of Mourning. Based on the above, we have presumed that the Yazi River is located in the Liuhe-Chagan ancient lake basin, and Changchun Prefecture is located in the ancient city of Sijiazi. According to this "Xingzao" located in the northeast of Changchun Prefecture 30 miles, we believe that the Hejia Xinzi site and the Aslenzhao site located in Erlong Township, Taonan City should be related to this.
The ruins of Hejiaxinzi are located in the Xihe Jiaxinzitun of the Renyi Brigade of Erlong Township, Taonan City, close to the Taoer River in the north, and the ruins are superimposed by modern villages, and it is difficult to see the whole picture. In the 80s of the 20th century, when the residents were building houses and collecting soil, they found five architectural remains one after another. Three of them are arranged on a central axis of 15° north-west, numbered 1, 2 and 3 from south to north, and the other two (4 and 5) are in their southwest. Buildings 1 and 2 are 73 meters apart, Buildings 2 and 3 are 68 meters apart, Building 4 is located 55 meters southwest of Building 3, and Building 5 is located 88 meters southwest of Building 4. Sites 1 to 3 have exposed a large number of fragments of cloth tiles and tube tiles.
Among them, two granite stone strips were unearthed at the No. 1 building site, 1.2 meters long and 0.4 meters wide, and two stone pillar bases were unearthed at the No. 2 building site, the base was square, with a side length of 80 cm and a thickness of 18 cm, and there was an octagonal column base carving of about 7 cm high on the square base. The ground of Building Site 3 exposes four blocks of the same foundation stone as Site 2. The four pillar bases are arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape, the distance between the north and south is 6 meters, the distance between the east and west is 6.5 meters, there is also a lotus-type cyan granite pillar base on its west side, the length and width are 80 centimeters each, the middle is raspberry-type convex, the surrounding carving droops lotus petals, the petals are slightly oblique, the tip of the flower is upturned, there is a small lotus petal in every two major petals, the carving is fine, the arrangement is uniform; the No. 4 building site is found to have the remains of paving brick fire kang; the surface of the No. 5 building site is scattered with a large number of ceramic pieces. The relics have tube tiles: clay gray pottery, interior cloth pattern, very complete. Length 31.2 cm, width 14 cm, thickness 1.6 cm; The residual length is 17 cm, the width is 9 cm, and the thickness is 1.5 cm.
The ruins of Aslenzhao are located in the northwest of Xingyi Village, Erlong Township, Taonan City, 400 meters, about 1.4 kilometers northwest of the Hejiaxinzi Ruins, the ruins are located on the east-west mangang, the area of the ruins is 600 meters long from east to west, and 400 meters wide from north to south. At the western end, there are three large accumulations 50 m and 70 m apart, respectively, in a triangular pattern. The bricks and tiles on the surface, hooks, cornerstones and other objects are exposed, and it should be a group of buildings, which seems to have the remnants of a wall. The east side of the site is the urn tomb group, the north side of the site has unearthed the porcelain cellar, it is 3 pieces of black glaze, tea end glaze large urn, 3 pieces of copper square pot inside, more than 10 pieces of various porcelain, mostly plates, bowls, pots and the like, all glaze and paint color, it is said that the color has white, yellow, green and other colors, it may be "Liao Sancai" vessel.
The relics have tiles, all of which are muddy gray pottery, molded, animal face patterns, mouth and tongue, round eyes, garlic head and small nose. The face is covered with a mane, with a circle of milky nails on the broad edge, the surface is painted with yellow glaze, the back is smooth, 11.5 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick; There are two kinds of ornamentation, one is the moire pattern, the line is smooth, the other is the embossed composite pattern, the inner edge is a continuous strip of square convex and concave, and the outer edge is decorated with oblique water ripples, arranged evenly; In the middle, there is a diameter of 66 centimeters, a height of 5 centimeters convex pillar base surface, the upper four sides of the flat carving of 16 lotus petals, the composition is exquisite, the carving is delicate; stone lion: the original 2 pieces, only 1 piece remains, now in the Baicheng City Museum (Figure 7), for the coarse sandstone carving chisel, in the form of squatting, the shape is simple and majestic, like a component such as a railing pillar, the residual height is 85 centimeters.
Fig.7 Stone lions unearthed at the Aslenzhao site
Regarding the nature of the Hejia Xinzi site and the Aslenzhao site, the "Tao'an County Cultural Relics Chronicle" mentions: some people think that the Aslenzhao site is a large temple near Taizhou, and some people think that it is the "Lekang County" seat of Taizhou in the Liao Dynasty, but there are no scholars who have not yet discussed. The excavation of the "seven years of Da'an" carved stone proves that Tazicheng in Tailai County is the Taizhou city of the Liao Dynasty, so the site has nothing to do with "Lekang County". The author believes that the building site of Hejia Xinzi and Aslenzhao should be the site of the Liao Dynasty Spring Bowl Palace, that is, "Shaoyang Chuanxing is in the place". The reasons are as follows: (1) According to the specimens of the third cultural relics census of Taonan Museum, the surface ceramic pieces of the two sites include typical grate dot pattern pottery pieces of the Liao Dynasty, coarse white porcelain pieces of coarse sand nails, and fragments of chicken leg bottles with tea glaze, as well as a small number of typical large scroll pottery pieces and astringent circle makeup white porcelain pieces of the Jin Dynasty, as well as a very small number of Yuan Dynasty Cizhou kiln white ground black flower porcelain pieces and Cuilan glazed porcelain pieces, indicating that the era of the site was dominated by Liao and used by the Jin and Yuan dynasties.
Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, the lotus-covered pillar base unearthed from the Hejia Xinzi and Aslenzhao building sites is similar to the foundation stone found and unearthed at the No. 145 platform base in Liaoshang Jingdanei and the southern test excavation site of the imperial city, and the embossed square continuous strip pattern dripping water should be the rhombic pattern dripping water, which was unearthed in a large number of Liao Dynasty strata in the archaeological excavation of the ancient city of Sijiazi in 2013~2014. At the same time, both sites use the same yellow-glazed moire dripping water and lotus-covered column bases, indicating that they were built in the same period. Therefore, from the point of view of the style of the building components, these two building sites should be built in the Liao Dynasty;(2) The Hejiaxinzi building site is a large-scale building with a three-entry hall, although the area of the base is not examinable, but according to the distance between the column bases of the No. 2 platform foundation of the Hejiaxinzi building site and the specifications of the column base, it can also be seen that the bay and area of the main body are very large.
At the same time, according to the spacing of the pedestals of about 70 meters, we can compare with other buildings of the same period, such as the No. 8 building complex in the north-central part of the ancient city of Sijiazi is a large three-entry building site in the city, using green and yellow glazed glazed components, it is speculated to be a Liao Dynasty temple site, and the spacing between the three pedestals is about 30 meters; the distance between the nave and the Daxiong Treasure Hall of Fengguo Temple in Yixian County, built in the Liao Dynasty is about 50 meters; the ruins of Antu Baoma City are the Xingguo Lingying Wang Temple built during the Dading period of the Jin Dynasty, which is a standard official-style building, and the spacing between the front, middle and rear halls is about 20 meters; the spacing between the bases of the high-level buildings such as the west slope and the west courtyard in the imperial city of Liaoshangjing is about 70 meters.
(3) The building components used in the Hejia Xinzi and Aslenzhao building sites are yellow glazed glass, and the grade is comparable to that of unusual buildings, and the Liao Dynasty building platform excavated in the ancient city of Sijiazi in the city in recent years has unearthed green glazed tiles with ink script and other words, the building was built during the Taoist period, but only green glaze was used, only the fragments of the kiss were partially glazed with yellow glaze, and the situation of the No. 8 building site of the ancient city of Sijiazi mentioned above is also the same.
(4) The northeast of the Hejia Xinzi and Aslenzhao sites are 13.5 kilometers and 14.2 kilometers away from the center of the ancient city of Sijiazi in the city, and about 8 kilometers away from the inlet of the Yazi River in the east. At the same time, there is a certain distance between the palace and the Yazi River, which can ensure that the daily activities of tens of thousands of servants and guards will not disturb the prey in the wetland, and this distance is also in line with the description of "Morning and Evening Return" when the Liao Emperor hunted in the "Yingwei Zhi".
Since the site has not yet been excavated, we are unable to conduct an in-depth investigation of the respective functions and properties of the two sites. It is mentioned in the "Camp Guard Chronicles" that "the emperor got the head goose, recommended the temple, and the ministers offered wine and fruits, and had fun." If the temple of this "recommended temple" is a Han-style civil engineering building, it is more likely that it is the site of the Aslenzhao building. As for the construction age of these two building sites, we believe that they should be in the middle and late stages of the Liao Dao Sect.
05 Conclusion
After the above analysis and argumentation, we rejected the Yahebo Maoxingpao theory, and found and confirmed that the Yahebo should be located in the Liuhe-Chaganguhu Basin, that is, the area where the Huanghuaxiaobo and Wujianfang Reservoirs are located. On this basis, we analyze the "spring map" in the murals of Qingdongling Mausoleum as a true portrayal of this area. At the same time, combined with the literature and archaeological materials, we believe that the two adjacent building sites of Hejia Xinzi and Aslenzhao should be the site of the Liao Dynasty Chun Bao Xing Palace, that is, "Shaoyang Chuanxing is in the place". New knowledge of the "Spring Map" mural and the two building sites in turn supports the argument that the Yazi River is located in the Liuhe-Chagangu Lake Basin. Finally, this paper provides a new perspective for the view that the ancient city of Chengsijiazi is the ancient city of Changchun Prefecture and Jinxin Taizhou in Liaoning.
This article was excerpted by Sun Li and Zhao Yue from Frontier Archaeology Research (Volume 21), Frontier Archaeology Research Center, Frontier Archaeology, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Frontier Archaeology Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Cultural Identity, Jilin University. The content has been slightly abridged and adjusted.