ID:meituyxj
Photographs of Meitu Travel
Life is a journey full of unknowns, what I care about is the scenery along the way, what I care about is the mood of seeing the scenery, and the trip will not end because of the beautiful scenery. The road you have walked becomes the scenery behind you, you can't turn back and can't stay, if you stay at this moment, you will miss a better scenery, keep a peace, keep a sober. Enjoying every moment and enjoying every scenery is life.
There are many stations in life, as long as the heart is quiet, whether it is standing outside the red dust, quietly appreciating the prosperity, or in the earthly fireworks, tasting all the flavors, there will be more calm and calm. Everything in the world, come to hug and wave goodbye, as long as there is love in your heart, watching the splendor of a firework, or keeping a long stream of plain water, it is all beautiful. I have always believed that there is much love, there will be much warmth, as long as you understand, it is compassion, love is a lamp, illuminate others, warm yourself. Be grateful, let life have more warm colors, and every loving day is happiness.
Craftsmen often say: "If I don't do it, maybe no one will do it again, maybe this is a promise, a promise to traditional culture." Listening to it, it always brings tears to your eyes.
In ancient times, when it was popular to say "the line is the champion",
The craftsmen ate to the end,
Of course, it is not blown out.
Decadal Students,
Ten years deputy,
Ten years of operation,
Ten years of perseverance,
Ten years of inheritance,
The life of a craftsman is simple and stubborn,
Reach the top and make it the best.
1
Fan making
Xiangfei bamboo Su embroidery double-sided eight-silk embroidery fan
group fan,
It's a full moon-shaped fan,
It is also known as the palace fan, the acacia fan and so on.
The fan has the shape of oblong, plum blossom, hexagonal, etc., the fan surface has silk, silk, etc., the craft has Suzhou embroidery, silk, gold and silver inlay, etc., and the fan handle has wood, bamboo, bone, etc. A fan, too much knowledge.
(The picture shows a large fan of silk twisted gold purple bamboo)
2 Handmade cheongsam
Cheongsam is currently the traditional women's clothing that best represents Chinese characteristics. To make a cheongsam, you need to measure 36 data. It will also use a variety of traditional embroidery techniques, embroidering gold, embroidering silver, piping, and it is common for a process to take a day or two. It takes a week to sew just an ordinary cheongsam.
The clothes stepped on by the machine are stiff, which does not reflect the feminine temperament, and only human hands can sew a rounded feeling. One of the few high-end hand-made cheongsams can also be embroidered on the collar, with a unique design, and its skills can also be called ingenious and impressive.
Therefore, the temperature of handiwork is particularly precious in the production of cheongsam.
3 Hangzhou embroidery
The traditional Hangxiu is known as court embroidery, and at its peak, there were only 300 people who mastered this skill. There is a rule in the craft of Hangzhou embroidery, men are not passed on to women, and those who are engaged in this craft are men, so it is also called "male embroidery".
The Hangzhou embroidery process is very cumbersome, and a work has to go through several processes such as drafting, wiring, drawing, gold, silver, etc. The workmanship is elaborate and cumbersome, and the technique is time-consuming and labor-intensive, so few people are willing to dive into the craft.
Hangzhou embroidery process: sketches
Hangzhou embroidery process: color matching
Hangzhou embroidery process: stretched
Hangzhou embroidery process: sketch
Hangzhou embroidery process: splitting
Hangzhou embroidery process: color embroidery
Hangzhou embroidery process: panjin
4 Silk
"Kè silk" is a very exquisite silk weaving process, known as the "holy product of silk", which was once only reserved for the nobles of the royal palace. The earliest silk objects can be traced back to the Han and Wei dynasties, because of the complex craftsmanship, mainly used for decorations. By the time of the Qing Dynasty, it was mostly used for clothing, mainly dragon robes.
▲ Silk tools
▲Green peacock feather silk thread
▲ Silk first draws a sketch, which needs to have a foundation in design and art history
▲ The work that is being threaded
The inheritors of Nantong "this silk" require the children of the family to participate in the learning of silk craft, because this is "a family matter". He also believes that the traditional Chinese aesthetic precipitated in these works will never go out of style.
Silk fan
Chengkong looks at it like a carved image
Silk gold peony group butterfly picture
5 Filigree inlays
Known as one of the "Eight Masterpieces of Yanjing", this craft is a court art that uses precious metals such as gold, silver, and jewelry, and the craftsmanship is extremely complex. From design, to preparation (hand-drawn), thread rolling, braiding, cloisonné, firing, filament, and setting gemstones often take several years.
Emperor Mingshenzong Zhu Yijun's golden silk winged crown is all made of gold wire, the most incredible thing is that the whole hat does not find a joint, its exquisite workmanship is breathtaking, known as the pinnacle of filigree inlay technology.
6 o'clock Emerald
Diancui was first seen in the Han and Wei dynasties, was widely popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and reached its peak in the Qianlong period, and was mostly seen in the homes of the palace magnates. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, many wealthy families would buy a set of Diancui jewelry as a dowry for their daughters when they got married, so Diancui jewelry was also frequently seen in private collections.
At present, the craftsmanship of Diancui has been basically lost. The visible Diancui jewelry is basically an old object, and most of them are used for the headdress of the Danjiao in Peking Opera, and it is also the standard configuration of the heroine in Peking Opera. However, the material is taken from the feathers of kingfishers, which are somewhat cruel and have been gradually replaced.
7 porcelain bamboo
Bamboo weaving is one of the oldest traditional Chinese crafts. However, the porcelain bamboo, as thin as a hair, is very complicated, and it was once exclusive to the royal family.
As the market changed, the craft declined dramatically. The intangible heir of porcelain bamboo weaving has been enduring loneliness and insisting on studying, but unfortunately no inheritor has been found for ten years.
8 Hand nuclear carving
Zhejiang Zhoushan nuclear carving is one of the Han miniature carving crafts. Carved on the peach pit, apricot pit, olive pit and other fruit pits, there is a purpose to ward off evil spirits, or the writer plays. The article "The Story of the Nuclear Boat" by the Ming Dynasty vividly describes the nuclear carving process of the craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty.
Chen Zuzhang's carved nuclear boat in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Walnut carving involves placing the kernel against a wooden board, and the thinnest knife is less than 1 mm in diameter. A finished miniature carving needs to carve tens of thousands of knives, and if one knife is wrong, it will fall short.
9 Bronze goes silver
The word "go" is the essence of black copper and silver. White silver flows on the jet-black copper, like the flow of life. This craft first appeared in Yunnan during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, black copper and silver cartridges were particularly sought after, with a monthly ration of 3,000-5,000 pieces.
In addition to the unique smelting formula and silver technology, it is necessary to fully master the techniques of carving, calligraphy and painting, and miniature carving.
10 Jianshui pottery
Jianshui pottery and Yixing pottery, Qinzhou pottery, Rongchang pottery and called "China's four famous pottery". Regarding the exquisiteness of Jianshui pottery, Ji Xianlin once wrote: "(The pot) looks like Yixing purple sand on the outside, and it is carved with floral calligraphy, which is antique...... It can simply become a desk confession, competing with Shangding Zhou Yi. ”
Jianshui pottery is made of clay of Jianshui, which naturally has red, white, yellow, green and brown five colors, and the finished product also has a variety of colors after firing. The most interesting thing is to carry out calligraphy, painting and carving on the unglazed semi-finished products, and then fill in various colors of clay, repeatedly fill and press, so that the clay and the original embryo are fully bonded and then fired, and finally a variety of patterns are formed.
The professor, who has studied and fired Jianshui pottery for many years, hopes to restore the blue and white firing skills in Yunnan, and at the same time has high hopes for young people: to make pottery with their own hands, go to the people, and experience the joy of pottery making in life.
11 桃花坞年画
Taohuawu New Year paintings are named because they were once concentrated in the Taohuawu area of Suzhou. It is known as "China's Five Folk Woodblock New Year Paintings" together with the woodblock New Year paintings of Zhuxian Town in Henan, Yangliuqing in Tianjin, Yangjiabu in Weifang in Shandong, and Jinzhu in Sichuan.
On May 20, 2006, Taohuawu New Year paintings were approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
12 Traditional bow making
In the history of Chinese cold weapons, the production of bows and arrows is an extremely complex craft. There were 17 handicraft workshops in Beijing that made bows and arrows. But today, only one is left to run a hard business.
Chinese traditional bow making is extremely exquisite, "dry, horn, tendon, glue, silk, lacquer" six, the selection of each kind of material is very particular, the horn to 60 centimeters of the southern buffalo, bamboo tire to fire plastic, air-dried through layers of processes, glue boiling is pure manual configuration, although cumbersome but the bonding effect is by no means comparable to chemical glue. The whole process can take up to a year at the earliest.
According to the modern traditional bow maker, a person can make so many bows at the same time at most in a year, not because he can't do too much, but because he can't be distracted to make so many bows at the same time, so in ancient times, bow craftsmen were the inheritance of a large family.
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
▲The process of making folk bows and arrows
13 feeders
The material vessel has a history of 600 years, and it is a glazed vessel specially used for the inner palace to enjoy, and it was called "palace material" and "imperial glaze" at that time. At that time, the material and ware workshops were all subordinate to the Ministry of Industry Imperial Factory, and it was not until the Republic of China that these craftsmen were in exile among the people, and ordinary people had the opportunity to contact the material vessels.
The material is also known as the "sculpture in the fire", the whole work is shaped in one go in high temperature, which greatly tests the craftsmanship and proficiency of the craftsman, and the color depends on the fusion of various colors of materials, especially the color blending, color transition and other processes all depend on the artist's eye work.
Animal ornament series
14 mortise and tenon
In China's traditional architecture, there are very few adhesive nails, and the most of the components are fitted, and the mortise and tenon structure is used, this traditional carpenter's craftsmanship is used in the construction of the house, which is not only extremely strong, environmentally friendly and natural, but also very beautiful.
In traditional Chinese culture, the tenon is yang, and the mao is yin, and the combination of the two pays attention to a balance of yin and yang, introverted and modest. This most traditional Chinese craft is most fully reflected in the carpenter's knick-knacks.
Wedge mortise ▼
Cloud-type raglan tenon (tooth strip, tooth head separation)▼
Round square combined with legging▼
Yuanxiang is slotted a few times▼
The combination of square furniture legs and feet and square support mud▼
Three straight cross▼
15 Luban locks
"Luban lock" is also called "blind ball" and "blind square", which is the intellectual toy of the ancients. A tightly knit cross cube, only by finding the core of a wooden bar, the entire cube can be disassembled one by one. This requires the concave and convex occlusion of the mortise and tenon structure inside the wooden block, which is precise and ingenious.
16 Luban pillow
Blind, also called Luban pillow. It is said that 2600 years ago, invented by the carpenter's grandfather Lu Ban, a single wooden hardboard is only through sawing, chiseling, planing and other techniques, after the completion of the hand to break open, the successful break is a small bench that can be folded and retracted; This craft was once lost, and it was only after reading ancient books that it was able to circulate again.
18 Koto
Ancient China paid attention to etiquette and music, the top of the guqin is round, symbolizing the sky, the bottom plate is flat, symbolizing the earth, the 13 qin emblems symbolize the 12 months of the year and every four years, the leap moon Yue Mountain represents the high mountains, the strings represent the flowing water, and the dragon pond and phoenix swamp represent the river and the sea. Every part of the guqin contains the idea of the unity of nature and man in ancient China.
In the process of making a qin, there are extremely high requirements for the strength of each knife, and it takes two years to prepare a guqin. And only a slightly faint, neutral and peaceful luthier can make a good piano with pure timbre and nine virtues. To really make a good piano, it takes at least ten years to sharpen your temperament.
18 Huishan Clay Man
There are two varieties of Huishan clay people, one is "coarse goods", also known as "playing goods", is a kind of simple modeling, with a rough commodity, usually with a mold blank, hand-painted color, the performance is mostly festive and auspicious themes, such as Da A Fu, the old birthday star, etc., mainly for the general public; the other is the "fine goods", also called the hand-pinched opera, the works are mostly taken from the scenes in Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera, and are hand-made handicrafts that are carefully pinched and painted, because the characters are vivid and exquisite, and are deeply loved by literati and ticket holders.
Today's Huishan Ancient Town has undergone large-scale restoration of the ancient town in order to declare the needs of world cultural heritage. After the restoration of the ancient town, the aboriginal inhabitants were cleaned. Huishan Ancient Town, which was originally known as "a street of mud figures", has been empty of the former mud figure workshop.
19 Curium porcelain
There is an old Chinese saying that "no diamond, no porcelain work", but few people know that this sentence comes from the industry of curium.
"Curium pots, curium bowls, curium vats......" waving the Lingzi flag and beating the order (rattle) vividly reproduce the scene of the curium craftsmen walking the streets and alleys shouting more than 300 years ago. This scene has long been a distant memory for many people, and it is now impossible to find it.
The first step of curium porcelain is to find ballast, restore the damaged porcelain to the original state and prepare for repair
The second step is to determine the number and position of curium nails according to the ornamental structure and style of porcelain, the opening position and the position
The third step is to punch the hole with a diamond drill
Diamond drill is about 10 meters long iron drill pipe with diamond drilling, punching is also a big test for curium porcelain people
The thickness of some porcelain is a few millimeters, and the difference is a millimeter when punching, one is to hold the hand firmly and accurately, and it is best not to penetrate it, and the other is that the hole should be symmetrical, and there can be no deviation
The fourth step: the production of curium nails reflects the level of craftsmen, the toughness of curium nails and the level of making curium nails also determine the service life of curium repair utensils
Curium nails are divided into gold nails, copper nails, flower nails, the size of the nails has to be calculated according to the conditions of the utensils, so that after the repair of the utensils, not only the water is not easy to leak, but also to the utensils themselves add a bit of charm
The fifth step is to use egg white and porcelain powder to reconcile and fill the leakage to prevent the porcelain from leaking, so that the complete curium porcelain is completed
20 Hand-woven cloth
"Chirp and chirp, Mulan is a household weaver. "Nowadays, it is rare to hear the sound of the old loom chirping.
The process of hand-weaving cloth is quite complicated, there are several links such as elastic flocculation, spinning, tasseling, warp cloth, weaving, etc., from a cotton flower to weaving into cloth, it takes a lot of hard work. Moreover, weaving requires dozens of tools, which is not only manual work, but also tedious manual work, and people who are impatient cannot weave good cloth.
21 Handmade pewter
Pewter is an ancient handicraft that dates back to 2700 BC. The texture of tin is relatively soft, so it must be alloyed with other metal elements before it can be used to make pewter.
Traditional pewter ware was made by hand, but with the advent of the industrial age and the rise of aluminum and stainless steel products, traditional pewter making has become more and more marginalized, and it has gradually become a "swan song". Nowadays, the scene of people carrying flat shoulders on their shoulders, bellows and small stoves at both ends, shouting "Hit the tin kettle!" and shout "Hit the tin kettle!" is gradually disappearing in the country alleys.
However, the traditional handmade pewter production, because of its strong human touch and long-term humanistic memory, has a beauty that cannot be replaced by machines.
22 Bamboo
The traditional bamboo weaving craft has a long history, and it is rich in the crystallization of the hard work of the working people of the Han nationality in China.
The bamboo wire section used in bamboo weaving is all rectangular, there are strict requirements on the thickness and thickness, the thickness is only one or two hairs thick, and the width is only four or five hairs wide.
On June 7, 2008, bamboo weaving was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
History cannot be reversed, and time cannot be reversed.
If, eventually, the old craft will disappear,
That should also be a successful walk off the stage,
Rather than being ignored and then disappearing.
In life,
What other crafts do you know that are about to disappear?
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