It's almost the annual wheat harvest season, the treatment of wheat straw after wheat harvest is a difficult problem for wheat farmers for many years, the wheat straw treatment is very simple when the land is not transferred in the past, because the number of straws in each family is not much, and the wheat straw after wheat planting and harvest is transported home as fuel.
The second is to burn it out with fire, which can not only eliminate the germs and pest eggs in the straw, but also add a certain amount of grass ash fertilizer to the farmland. However, all localities are not allowed to take the way of burning to dispose of straw, in the past few years to promote wheat straw returning to the field, due to the immaturity of technology, resulting in the difficulty of planting subsequent crops, it is difficult to promote. In the past, wheat straw was mainly purchased as a raw material for paper mills to produce paper, but due to the serious pollution of pollutants produced by papermaking, many small paper mills have been closed, and crop straw has been reduced by a digestion project. Farmers know that the nutritional value of wheat straw is lower than that of corn straw, it is a relatively poor quality roughage, wheat straw has a high crude fiber content, and contains silicates and waxes that are difficult for livestock to use, and the digestibility of wheat straw is relatively low for cattle and sheep. Therefore, most wheat straw is not fed to cattle and sheep as feed. Can wheat straw be used as a raw material for silage?
Wheat is the third largest food crop in the continent after rice and corn, and the amount of wheat straw is also the largest among wheat straws. According to research, the digestibility of dry matter of wheat straw is 45-51%, and the crude protein content is 2.54%, which is lower than that of other crop straw. High crude fiber content, low crude protein, low moisture, large volume, hard texture, poor palatability, and low feed intake of livestock limit wheat straw to be fed directly to cattle and sheep.
Wheat straw is different from corn straw, corn straw can be harvested when corn is mature and some leaves are green, corn straw at this time contains sufficient water, it is better to make silage. Wheat straw can only be harvested when the wheat is fully mature, and at this time the wheat straw is already dry and cannot be used to make silage. Cattle and sheep without treatment of wheat straw are not eaten, and can be used as cattle and sheep feed after processing, and can be treated with ammonia or alkalization, which can improve digestibility and feed intake. It is okay to use wheat grass to make silage before wheat is ripe, but it cannot be used as silage raw material to make silage after wheat is mature.
Now the Internet is also hyped to sell wheat seedlings to make silage, which is done by foreign forces in order to disrupt the domestic grain market, wheat seedlings to make silage is more than worth the loss, the cost of feed is high, and the moisture content of wheat seedlings is high, the nutritional value is similar to the corn straw with blue after harvest, and the success rate of production is relatively low, silage failure if you don't pay attention to it, and how many kilograms of wheat seedlings can be produced per mu? What is the cost of each kilogram of wheat seedlings, wheat seedlings for silage, farms will not accept, this is a trick to fool farmers, general farms are using green corn stalks after the autumn harvest to make silage, which can greatly reduce the cost of feed, improve breeding profits.
If it is wheat straw, that is, the straw after harvesting wheat must be processed before it can be used as feed for grass-fed livestock, and the wheat straw can be ammoniated or alkalized, and then dried and crushed into straw powder and transported back to the processed pellet feed to feed cattle and sheep.
Straw alkalizing treatment method: use sodium hydroxide treatment, sodium hydroxide is caustic soda, and spray 1.6% sodium hydroxide solution evenly on the straw with a sprayer to make it moist (the sodium hydroxide solution consumed by spraying accounts for about 6% of the weight of the straw). Then, the sodium hydroxide in the straw was neutralized with 3% acetic acid, and the nutritional value of the crop straw could be doubled and the digestibility increased by 64-71%. It is then dried in the field and then crushed.
Ammoniation treatment: urea treatment, according to 100 kg of straw with 2-4 kg of urea mixed with 20-30 kg of water stirred, dig a cellar in the field, the wall and bottom of the cellar are compacted, and the straw is put into layers and the urea solution is poured. After filling, cover it with plastic film, and exhaust the air and seal the edge with wet mud. It takes 14-28 days for the temperature to be below 20°C, 7-14 days for the temperature above 20°C, and 5-7 days for the temperature above 30°C. At this time, the straw can be seen dark brown through the plastic film of the cap. When the straw emits a paste or slightly sour fragrance, it means that it has been ammoniated and can be used for drying and crushing.
Wheat straw is crushed and can be transported back to the farm in bags or sold directly to the farm. The pellet feed for cattle and sheep can make full use of wheat straw, and the digestibility of organic matter can be improved by 10-12 percentage units after wheat straw is ammoniad. The ammoniated straw is crushed and reduced in volume to facilitate storage, and then pressed into pellet feed with corn, rapeseed cake, urea, shell powder, pine needle powder, etc., cattle and sheep can be well utilized, can solve the problem of straw burning in farmland, reduce the cost of cattle and sheep breeding, and improve breeding profits. Straw pellet feed is better for cattle and sheep, easy to transport and store, cattle and sheep eat quickly, and there is little waste. The effect of pellet feed for cattle and sheep is better, the daily weight gain of sheep can reach about 190-3000 grams, and the daily weight gain of cattle can reach about 0.8 kg.
If you make pellet feed to feed cattle and sheep by yourself, buy a pelleting machine, you can produce pellet feed by yourself, and the formula can refer to the formula of relevant books, or design it yourself.