Continuing with our "Shuowen Jiezi" course, this lesson will talk about the four Chinese characters in the "歺" part, which are "殪, 㱳, 殯, 殔". In modern Chinese, "殯" is simplified to "funeral", which is a common Chinese character in modern Chinese, which is included in the "List of Common Characters of Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988. For the answer to the question in the title, see the entry for "funeral".
1. Death. Read yì. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "Death, death." From the beginning, one sound. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is to die, to kill.
"Erya Interpretation": "Death, death." Hao Yixing's "Erya Yishu": "The common name of death and death." "Vocabulary and Bad Department": "Kill, kill." ”
"Shu Kanghe": "Heaven is the great destiny of King Wen Rong Yin, and he was born to receive a fate. "Heaven has entrusted the great mission to King Wen, and he will inherit this mission with honor by destroying the mighty kingdom of Yin. Here, death can be interpreted as destruction. "Poetry, Xiaoya, Auspicious Day": "Send his little fat, and die this big man." Mao Chuan: "Death, death in one shot." Kong Yingda Shu: ""Interpretation" cloud: 'Death, death. 'If you shoot an arrow, you will die, and you will die. "Shoot a small wild boar with an arrow, and then shoot a dead bison.
(Dead wild boar)
In addition to the original meaning, there are three other uses of 殪:
(1) Servant: falling. "Vocabulary and Bad Department": "Death, servant." "Mozi Ming Ghost": "(Du Bo) chased King Zhou Xuan, shot on the car, center, folded spine, and died in the car. "(Du Bo) chased after King Xuan of Zhou, shot an arrow in the chariot, and shot King Xuan in the heart, causing him to break his spine and fall on top of the bow bag and die.
(Death of King Xuan of Zhou)
(2) Extinction; "Orthography: Bad Department": "Death, death." "The Sixth Year of Xuangong": "Make the people sick, and make a profit, and it will be dead." "Let him endanger his own people, that he may be full of evil, and then he will probably be destroyed.
(3) Same as "scab". Bury. "Ritual and Hajj": "Sacrifice to the river, Shen, sacrifice to the earth, and scab." "The sacrificial river is to throw sacrifices into the water, and the sacrificial ground is to bury the offerings in the earth.
The small seal of the 殪 is written as shown in the figure:
(How to write the small seal of the coffin)
2. 㱳. Read mò. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "㱳, dead silence 㱳 also." From the voice, the lonely voice. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is death and loneliness.
Duan Yuju's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words": "[上宀下尗] 㱳 Yu [Uncle Kou] 嗼也." Gui Fu's "Saying Wenyi Evidence": "Death [上宀下尗] 㱳 also, "Guangyun": 㱳, death also. "Qing Dynasty Wang Mingsheng "Moth Compilation and Words": "Hanshu Yangxiong Biography": Xiongxiao Book Tianlu Pavilion, the prison messenger wanted to collect Xiong, Xiong from the Pavilion surrendered, several died. Jingshi said: 'Only lonely, throw yourself into the pavilion.' "宀部" has the word "[上宀下尗]" without the word "lonely". "Hanshu" is known as many ancient characters, but it is changed to "[上宀下尗]㱳" to "lonely", I am afraid that it was changed by the Tang and Song dynasties, Du Shi's "lonely afterlife", "lonely Jiangnan to the fog", from the vulgar, not strange. ”
[上宀下尗] 㱳, is an ancient word for loneliness.
The so-called "dead loneliness" means to die and be lonely and silent.
(Dead and lonely old Japanese man)
The small seal of 㱳 is written as shown in the figure:
(㱳のたい�
3. Funeral. Read bìn. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "Funeral, death in the coffin, will be relocated, coffin." Guests. From the guest, from the guest, from the guest is also the voice. After the summer, the funeral was in the step, the Yin people were buried between the two wings, and the Zhou people were buried in the bin steps. "Shape and sound and understand the meaning of words. The original meaning is to stop the coffin and wait for burial.
Here in "Shuowen", the source of the funeral is explained in great detail. Said: "Died in the coffin, will be reburied, coffin, bin encountered." "After death, the body is placed in a coffin, called a coffin, and it is to be reburied, and it is treated with courtesy, which is called a funeral. It is also called: "Xia Hou is buried in the Yan step, Yin people are buried between the two wings, and Zhou people are buried in the Bin step." "In the Xia Hou era, the coffin was buried on the east steps, the Yin people were buried between the two straight pillars in front of the hall, and the Zhou people were buried on the west steps.
Therefore, some commentators (such as Duan Yuci) believe that it stops at the west step, and the west step is the guest position, so the source of the word funeral comes from this, so how to understand the word "funeral" before Zhou?
In fact, the so-called "funeral", the original meaning is "stop to be buried", in this process, treat it with a guest ceremony (whether it is stopped between the east steps or between the two columns, or in the west steps), the important thing is to treat it with "guest ceremony", so the word "funeral" is from the sound of "evil" and "guest".
"Interpretation of Names and Diseases": "Funeral, funeral, and guest under the west wall." Guests are treated, and words are a little farther away. What is said here is also the "coffin" that is to be buried with the courtesy of a guest. "Jade Chapter: Binbu": "Funeral, funeral." ”
The occasion for us to hold a coffin for burial is generally a "funeral home", in which the "funeral" is to stop the coffin for burial, and the "ceremony" is the ceremony, and the place where the coffin is held is the funeral home (of course, most of them now practice cremation, burial, and burial of ashes).
(Funeral Parlor)
"The Thirty-second Year of the Duke of Zuo": "In winter, the Duke of Jin Wen and Gengchen will be buried in Dianwo. "In winter, Duke Wen of Jin died. Gengchen day, will be buried in Quwo. The thirteenth chapter of "Dream of Red Mansions": "Jia Zhen then buried her with the gift of her granddaughter, and stopped at the Dengxian Pavilion in Huifang Garden. This means that Jia Zhen gave a heavy funeral to the martyr's maid Ruizhu.
Also refers to a coffin. "Zuo Chuan: Five Years of Zhao Gong": "The book made Du Fu to the funeral, saying: 'Zigu wants to destroy the Chinese army, and he will destroy it, so he will sue him. Du pre-note: "Sue the uncle and grandson." Ji used a letter of advice to ask Du Qi to report to his uncle's coffin: "You were originally going to abolish the Chinese army, but now that it has been abolished, so I will report to you." ”
(Martyr's coffin)
In addition to the original meaning, there are other uses of funeral:
(1) Bury. Southern Dynasty Qi Kong Zhiqi "Beishan Shifting Text": "The long funeral of the Taoist (a "摈", abandoned), the feast is buried for a long time. "Taoist books have long been buried, and the seats for teaching Buddhism have long been abandoned. And tongues. The seeds are planted in the soil. "Sichuan Proverbs: Agricultural Production": "The rain is early, the spring equinox is late, and the funeral is at the right time." ”
(2) Pass "guest". Guest. Zhu Junsheng's "Saying Wen Tongxun Dingsheng Kunbu": "Funeral, pretending to be a guest." "The Book of Rites: Zeng Zi Asked": "Anti-burial, and then resignation at the funeral." Zheng Xuan's note: "Funeral, when it is a guest, the sound is wrong. . . Resignation to the guest, said that the funeral will be opened. Kong Yingda Shu: "Resign, still tell me." After laying the father, the filial son told Yu Bin to start the father's funeral festival tomorrow. "Lay a memorial service for the beneficial, and then tell the guests the date of the funeral of the beneficial.
The small seal of the funeral is written as follows:
(Funeral small seal writing)
4. Death. Read yì. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "殔, bury the coffin." From the voice, the voice. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is to bury the coffin.
A coffin, i.e., a coffin containing a corpse.
(Burial coffin)
Gui Fu's "Evidence of Saying Wenyi": ""Lü's Spring and Autumn Period: Prophetic Chapter": 'Wei Gongxue, 殔, shall not be buried in September. 'High temptation note: 'Go down to the coffin to the ground, and say it's dead.' In other words, Wei Gong died, and he was not allowed to be buried for nine months. "Xiao Erya Guangming": "The burial is called a death." "Guangyun Zhiyun": "Death, "Interpretation" said: Fake burial in the Dao. ”
The small seal of the 殔 is written as follows:
(How to write the small seal of the 殔)
([Shuowen Jiezi] No. 794, some pictures come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)