Sun Wenhui Longyu
A history that doesn't exist
The TV series "Towards a Republic" was advertised
Here is a clip from the 51st episode of the 68-episode TV series Towards a Republic. The play is written by Sheng Heyu and Zhang Jianwei, directed by Zhang Li, and premiered on CCTV Comprehensive Channel on April 12, 2003.
Click the play button to watch the video
Loading...
Excerpt from episode 51 of the TV series "Towards a Republic".
Sun Yat-sen (played by Ma Shaohua), Empress Dowager Longyu (played by Jiang Nan), Pu Yi (played by Wang Peiwen), Xiao Dezhang (played by Ma Xiaoning)
This episode depicts a meeting between Sun Wen (Sun Yat-sen), the forerunner of China's democratic revolution, and the Empress Dowager Longyu of the Qing Dynasty in the Forbidden City. However, at this time, both of them have become "abdications", as Sun Wen said in the play: "You are already the empress dowager who abdicated, and I am the former president of Shimono." Interestingly, when Sun Xian wanted to meet Longyu with a handshake, the Queen Mother waved her hand and pushed it away, and refused with a sentence of "You don't have to kneel". 这令孙中山略显尴尬的瞬间，看起来似乎是隆裕对孙中山的一种“恩赐”或“特赏”，实意反映了这位曾经君临天下的太后“人在民国屋檐下不得不低头”的那种纠结之心绪。
Sun Wen and Longyu
In fact, the "Sun Wenhui Longyu" performed in the play has never happened in history. According to historical records, Sun Yat-sen entered Beijing three times, but never set foot in the Forbidden City, and he "never met" the Empress Dowager Longyu.
The first time (July 1894 - the 20th year of Guangxu)
The purpose of this visit to Beijing was to find the way to Li Hongzhang, the middle hall of the Qing court. At that time, Li Hongzhang was a scholar of Wenhuadian University (the first assistant to the Qing Dynasty cabinet) and the governor of Zhili. Together with Sun Yat-sen, there was also a friend Lu Haodong, and the main content of the two letters was to put forward proposals for reform. Although Li Hongzhang agreed to Sun Yat-sen's request to apply for a passport to study abroad, he did not come forward on the grounds that he was busy with military affairs, and appointed his staff member Luo Fenglu to receive him. However, the results of this visit to Beijing were very disappointing to the two, and they expressed the result of this visit to Beijing as "to get a glimpse of the reality of the Qing court", and came to the conclusion that "the filth of the Manchu government is a hundred times that of Guangzhou".
Li
At that time, Sun Yat-sen was 28 years old and Empress Longyu was 26 years old.
2nd time (August 24, 1912)
This visit to Beijing was Yuan Shikai's invitation to Sun Yat-sen to discuss state affairs. On February 12, 1912, the Qing court issued the Edict of Abdication. On 13 February, Sun Yat-sen fulfilled his previous promise and submitted a message to the Senate of the Nanjing Provisional Government on his resignation as provisional president and nominated Yuan Shikai as his successor. On March 10, Yuan Shikai held a grand inauguration ceremony in Beijing. On April 1, Sun Yat-sen officially stepped down. The Provisional Government moved north, the reunification of the North and the South was initially completed, and various political parties and organizations moved their headquarters to Beijing one after another, and Beijing became the center of the struggle between the political forces of various factions in the early years of the Republic of China.
Sun Wen and Yuan Shikai
On August 24, 1912, Sun Yat-sen arrived at Qianmen East Railway Station in Beijing by train from Tianjin. According to the Compilation of Archives of the Xinhai Revolution in the Qing Palace, during his stay in Beijing, Sun Yat-sen visited the Summer Palace, the Three Seas (Beihai, Zhonghai, and Nanhai) and Jingshan, and these requests were all made by Sun on his own initiative. According to the Qing Preferential Treatment Regulations, these places were still owned by the Qing Dynasty. However, Sun Yat-sen never entered the Forbidden City.
Although Sun Yat-sen did not meet with the Empress Dowager Longyu, he personally visited the former regent of the Qing court Zaifeng (the younger brother of the Guangxu Emperor and the father of the Xuantong Emperor Puyi) in the palace of the Prince of Houhaibei River on September 11, and the two met in the "Baohan Hall". During the talks, Sun praised Zaifeng for abdicating the throne on behalf of the Qing government and peacefully handing over power during the Xinhai Revolution, and hoped that in the future, on the basis of the republic of the five ethnic groups, they would become prosperous and strong together. After the talks, Sun Yat-sen presented a photo of Zaifeng's autograph. That night, Zaifeng and other Qing nobles hosted a banquet for Sun Yat-sen and his party in the garden (now Beijing Peace Hotel) located in the goldfish alley of the capital. This banquet was also held by Zaifeng in accordance with the will of the Empress Dowager Longyu, although Longyu himself did not attend.
At that time, Sun Yat-sen was 46 years old, and the Empress Dowager Longyu was 44 years old.
Aixin Jueluo Zaifeng
Third time (December 31, 1924)
This visit to Beijing was at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang, a direct general. On October 23, 1924, at the time of the fierce fighting of the Second Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang suddenly defected, launched the "Beijing Coup", imprisoned the then President Cao Kun, and renamed his Northwest Army the Nationalist Army. After succeeding, he immediately sent a telegram to invite Sun Yat-sen to Beijing to discuss the plan for the founding of the country. However, when Sun Yat-sen arrived in Beijing from Tianjin on December 31, Feng Yuxiang had already gone into seclusion and his power was no longer there. Duan Qirui of the Anhui dynasty seized real power in the Beiyang government and rejected Sun Yat-sen's call to abolish the unequal treaties signed with the Western powers. Zhang Zuolin resolutely opposed the three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers" put forward by Sun Yat-sen. The existence of such opposing views with Zhang Zuolin and Duan Qirui means that Sun Yat-sen's visit to Beijing will be in vain.
What is even more tragic is that Sun Yat-sen fell ill as soon as he arrived in Beijing, and was diagnosed with advanced liver cancer by Union Hospital, and he was terminally ill and hopeless. At 9:30 a.m. on March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen, who had not yet paid for his ambition, died of illness in Hu Tongyuan, the iron lion in Beijing, at the age of 59.
Sun Yat-sen died of illness (March 12, 1925)
The Empress Dowager Longyu, who had "never met" Sun Yat-sen, died at the age of 45 in Changchun Palace in the West Six Palaces of the Forbidden City on February 22, 1913, not long after Sun Yat-sen entered Beijing for the second time.
Funeral venue of the Empress Dowager Longyu (March 19, 1913 in the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City)
What the abdicated Emperor Xuantong never expected was that on November 5, 1924, Feng Yuxiang, who launched the "Beijing Coup", expelled Pu Yi, the last emperor, and other cadres from the Forbidden City. At that time, Pu Yi was only 18 years old.
Standing on the roof of the harem of the Forbidden City, Pu Yi (1924)
However, the regent Zaifeng not only saw the end of the Qing Dynasty, but also saw the "change of dynasty" from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China. Fortunately, Zaifeng was still a backbone Chinese, and he refused the Japanese to persuade him to surrender, and angrily accused his son Pu Yi of defecting to the Japanese and becoming emperor of Manchukuo, even though all the expenses of his royal palace were allocated by the puppet Manchu government "Inner Court". On February 3, 1951, Zaifeng died in Beijing at the age of 68. After the liberation, Zaifeng handed over the alcohol palace where he lived to the people's government. may have been the "intersection" between him and Sun Wen back then, and later part of the palace became the residence of Song Qingling, the mother of the country.
The gate of Prince Alcohol's mansion
*The picture is from the Internet, if there is an infringement dispute, it will be deleted