Wild mushrooms, also known as mushrooms and mushrooms, are a class of large fungi that grow in bushes or grasses, with the most in June and September, especially after rain. According to whether it can be edible, it can be divided into edible fungi and toadstools. Due to the morphological similarity between some wild edible mushrooms and poisonous wild mushrooms, it is difficult to distinguish them with the naked eye. Therefore, poisoning incidents caused by accidental collection and ingestion of poisonous mushrooms occur from time to time.
Today, we're going to talk about those things about wild mushrooms.
First, about fungi
Mushrooms (mushrooms, mushrooms) generally refer to large fungi that are visible to the naked eye and can be picked by hand, and are fleshy or gelatinous fruiting bodies that grow out of the ground. It is mostly composed of cap, stipe, tray and ring, with the cap being the most obvious. The caps come in a variety of shapes, such as umbrella shapes, bell shapes, hat shapes, spherical or hemispherical shapes, fan shapes, and funnel shapes, and are available in a variety of colors.
At present, there are more than 2,500 species of wild edible mushrooms in the world and about 1,000 species in the mainland. There are nearly 900 species in Yunnan Province, accounting for about 36% of the world's edible fungus species and 90% of the country's total.
In 2023, according to the risk of poisoning, the risk of wild fungus poisoning in the counties (cities and districts) under the jurisdiction of Yunnan will be divided into three levels: high, medium and low, and different prevention and control measures will be taken to prevent the occurrence of wild fungus poisoning. A total of 7 high-risk areas for wild mushroom poisoning have been designated in the province, among which Yiliang County of Kunming City has been designated as a high-risk area.
2. How many common toadstools do you know in Yunnan?
Note: The fungus wearing a hat (fungus cap) on the head, a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and shoes on the feet (fungus tray) are poisonous, so try not to eat them!
3. Possible symptoms of poisoning
The clinical manifestations of wild mushroom poisoning are related to the type of wild mushroom consumed, the amount of food consumed, the processing method and individual differences, etc., which are generally divided into four types:
1
Gastrocystitis type >>
May be caused by toxins such as resin-like substances, guanidine, or muscarinic acid. The incubation period is 10 minutes to five or six hours, manifested by nausea, severe vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. The course of the disease is short, and it is generally good after cure.
2
Neuropsychiatric >>
The toxins that cause poisoning, such as toxins, toads, and hallucinogens. The incubation period is 6-12 hours. In addition to gastroenteritis, the main symptoms of poisoning are nerve excitement, mental confusion and inhibition, and there can also be excessive sweating, salivation, slow pulse, and miosis. The course of the disease is short, and there are no sequelae.
3
Hemolytic >>
It is caused by toxins such as deer muscarin and saddle mushroom poison. The incubation period is 6-12 hours. In addition to the symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, there may be hemolytic symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, hematuria, and hepatosplenomegaly. In severe cases, it can be fatal.
4
Hepatohypotoplasm>>
It is mainly caused by poison umbrella heptapeptide, poison umbrella decapeptide, etc. Toxins are heat-resistant and dry-resistant, and cannot be destroyed by general cooking processing. Toxins damage the hepatocyte nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes, and also damage the kidneys. The incubation period is 6 hours to several days, and the course of the disease is long. The clinical process can be divided into 6 stages: incubation period, gastroenteritis stage, false recovery stage, visceral damage stage, psychiatric symptom stage, and recovery stage. This type of poisoning is dangerous, and if not treated promptly and actively, the case fatality rate is very high.
5
Horizontal skin dissolving type>>
It is mainly caused by cyclic propyl-2-enocarboxylic acid in red mushroom. The incubation period is 10 minutes to 2 hours, manifested as fatigue, aching limbs, nausea and vomiting, soy sauce-colored urine, chest tightness, etc., which can lead to acute renal failure and even death in the later stage.
4. "Don't eat, don't eat, don't eat, don't eat"
1
Bacteria that you don't know don't eat >>
To eat mushrooms, you should choose the varieties that you know and are familiar with, and don't eat the bacteria you don't know.
2
Wild mushrooms that are too young and moldy do not eat >>
Wild mushrooms are too small to identify, and moldy wild mushrooms have other toxins that can also cause poisoning.
3
杂菌不吃 >>
If several toadstools are ingested at the same time, the harm to the body is greater, and medical treatment is more difficult.
4
Stuttering >>
Alcohol can promote the absorption of toxins, and may also react with toxins to produce new toxins, which can aggravate the symptoms of poisoning, so it is best not to drink alcohol when eating bacteria.
Fifth, as the old saying goes, eating mushrooms in Yunnan must achieve "three crops"
The clinical manifestations of wild mushroom poisoning are related to the type of wild mushroom consumed, the amount of food consumed, the processing method and individual differences, etc., which are generally divided into four types:
1
Familiarize yourself with the type of fungus >>
When buying wild mushrooms, be sure to choose the varieties you are familiar with, and do not buy unfamiliar species for the sake of new and novelty.
2
Fungus must be boiled and ripened>>
When cooking, choose the right way and most importantly make sure it's cooked.
3
The way to the hospital should be familiar with >>
After the occurrence of wild fungus poisoning, you should immediately go to a regular medical institution for medical treatment to prevent the aggravation of poisoning symptoms and delay the disease.
Sixth, the key tips are coming
Tip one
When you're out in the countryside, don't pick wild mushrooms or wild mushrooms from unknown sources in roadside grass out of curiosity or to satisfy your appetite. And so far there is no fast and reliable way to identify poisonous mushrooms, so we should not easily pick mushrooms that we don't know.
Tip two
Do not buy mushrooms at roadside vendors, even if you buy wild mushrooms in the regular market, you should not let your guard down, especially wild mushrooms that you have not eaten or do not know.
Tip three
Families should be cautious about eating wild mushrooms, and do not process and eat wild mushrooms for group meals, catering services, and folk tourism, so as to ensure the safety of dietary consumption.
Source: Healthy Spring City