观澜新闻 | 《金城揽胜图》一览古金城胜景

There is no seal of the author's name on the "Golden City Range Rover Map", but it is said that it was painted by Ma Wu. This person has a solid foundation in landscape painting, strong realism ability, and is familiar with the shape of Lanzhou's mountains and rivers. This picture was collected by Shui Zi, director of the Provincial Department of Education during the Republic of China, and there is a seal of "Xuyuan" on the screen as evidence.

"Jincheng Range Rover Map" is 150 centimeters long and 83 centimeters wide, which is a mountain-shaped victory city map of Gaolan County, the seat of Lanzhou Prefecture, the capital of Gansu Province, painted by Lanzhou folk painter Ma Wu during the Tongguang period of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the east exit of the old road from Xiaoxihu to the east exit of the central square in Lanzhou City, which is the old city of Lanzhou City. Due to the advancement of the renovation of the old city in recent years, the remaining buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties are rare, and most people no longer know the appearance of the old city of Lanzhou from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the 60s of the 20th century. Therefore, "Jincheng Range Rover Map" is regarded as a precious picture archival material, and is included in various picture albums that introduce Lanzhou. I would like to give an explanation of the mountains and rivers reflected in the diagram.

The painter takes Baita Mountain as the viewpoint, and uses realistic techniques to paint the Lanzhou shape of the mountain with the river, because it belongs to Jincheng County, Jincheng County during the Han and Wei Dynasties, so it is called "Jincheng Range Rover Map". Because the painter is a native of Lanzhou, he is familiar with the history and culture of Lanzhou, understands the geographical characteristics and urban construction of Lanzhou, and has his own hills and ravines in his chest, so he can focus on truthfully reflecting the appearance of Lanzhou. The focus is on the Yellow River, the city wall, and the Nanshan Mountain, and at the same time, some secondary scenery is blurred to avoid the hustle and bustle. For example, in the city wall, the main buildings such as the government office, the city tower, and the temple are prominent, and the streets and alleys are blurred. In this way, it is not only convenient for the technical operation, but also can give a distinct impression to the viewer. The painter took the method from Huang Zijiu, applied light color, did not have many brushes, was vast and simple, and the momentum was majestic. The directions on the map are upper-south, lower-north, left-east, right-west.

Yellow River

The lower right corner of the picture is the White Pagoda Mountain on the north bank of the Yellow River, and the White Pagoda built by Ming Jingtai stands on the top of the mountain. Shanxi is the Jincheng Pass on the side of the Yellow River Baima Lang, and under the Shandong is the Fenglin Pass at the mouth of the salt ditch.

The Yellow River passes from west to east, the turbidity waves roll, the Zhenyuan Yellow River pontoon bridge created from the Ming Dynasty, erected under the Baita Mountain, the three arches of the south of the bridge stand. There is a gate in the middle of the pontoon, which can be opened and closed to allow the raft to pass through. Rafts and rafts are allowed to pass through after paying the "public housing donation" to the pontoon management personnel. The two wooden boats depicted in the picture, one with a red flag, and the commander of the Ben Commanding Soldier bravely waving their oars, are passing through the gate, and of course they will not pay anything. A sheepskin raft downstream, the raft passenger carries the oars, carrying a passenger to the top of the peak. Further downstream, there is a large wooden raft, which flows smoothly and calmly to the east.

There are two-wheeled waterwheels on the south bank of the Yellow River. The east is the "tiger car", located outside the Guangwu Gate, the north entrance of Jinchang Road, built by the Qing Hui people Hu Wenbing's family, irrigating the orchard and vegetable fields around the Hujia Garden (now the site of the Gansu Education Building). The western waterwheel was built under the embankment of the north city, which was roughly located in front of the guest house of the present-day municipal party committee, and the aqueduct passed through the north city to irrigate the back garden of the Shaanxi and Gansu Governor's Office - Jieyuan (now the site of the Lanzhou Municipal Party Committee), and to provide drinking water for the citizens. On the west side of the waterwheel is the "suction dragon", that is, a pumping machine powered by a steam engine. In the 11th year of Tongzhi (1872), Governor Zuo Zongtang ordered Lai Chang, a member of the Gansu Manufacturing Bureau, to pump water from the Yellow River into the "Drinking and Pool" (at the south entrance of today's Jiandao Lane) in spring and winter for the public to drink. In summer and autumn, water is injected by waterwheels. The picture shows a steam engine room with a raised chimney and an aqueduct that runs from the embankment into the river to pump water.

Castle

On the south bank of the Yellow River is the city of Lanzhou. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1083), the Song army built a northern city in the north of Lanzhou City in Sui and Tangzhou in order to strengthen the defense. The Ming and Qing dynasties have been built on the basis of the north city many times, to the sixteenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1890) to finalize, Lanzhou City counts two hundred steps in the inner city in six months, and one hundred and twenty-three steps in the eighteenth mile of the outer Guo Zhou. There are nine Guo Gates and four Inner City Gates. The map reflects the general appearance of Lanzhou city during this period. The inner city is rectangular, there are Guocheng in the east, west and south, and the people of Lanzhou call it Dongguan, Nanguan and Xiguan. There are moats outside the inner city and outside the city, Lanzhou people call it Chenghao, Hao is five feet deep, three zhang wide. There is no Guocheng in the north, and the Yellow River is used as a moat. From the map, you can see that outside the east city, there is a city outside the east of the city.

The most prominent feature in the inner city is the gate (now the central square) outside the Governor's Office. Four flagpoles are high in the sky, under which is a wooden fence, the south is the "anti-corruption" wall, and the north is the governor's office (now the provincial government site) with green shade. The north city is on the cloud building, the second floor, and the blue blood monument stands here. The slightly west hall is built in the third year of Qianlong (1738) of the celebration palace (now the site of the CPPCC), for the provincial officials to celebrate the emperor's birthday, the place of the New Year's Day and winter solstice, also known as the longevity palace. Yuanmen West is the drum tower that was built in the Ming Dynasty (located at the intersection of Zhangye Road and Longxi Road today), the two floors and four gates, and the south of the building is called the south of the Drum Tower in Longxi Road. The north of the building is the City God Temple (now the Workers' Club) that was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the main hall is clearly visible. The northwest of the God's Temple is the Guangyuan Gate, commonly known as the Water North Gate (located at the north entrance of Yongchang Road today), which is the channel for the soldiers and civilians in the inner city to draw the water of the Yellow River and use it for drinking. There are 13 floors of wooden tower in the northwest corner of the inner city (located in the east of Zhongshan Hotel today), which is the building in the wooden tower temple, so there is the name of the place of Wooden Tower Lane. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634) of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the envoy of Gaochang State sent an envoy to Chang'an, and when Zhenguan returned to Lanzhou in the ninth year, he built a pagoda temple in the name of Gaochang king Ko Wentai, which was called Pagoda Temple. It was rebuilt from the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty and was named Jiafu Temple. The Ming and Qing dynasties were repeatedly repaired, but they were destroyed by fire in the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874). The south of the Muta Temple is the west gate of the inner city (located at the west entrance of Zhangye Road today), called the town far gate. The ancient buildings in the northeast corner of the inner city are the garden of the king of Mingsu Ning Xi Garden (located in the current mountain word stone, hall lane), covering an area of about one square mile, rockery, palace pavilion, pond and marsh suddenly appear among the flowers and trees. Slightly south of the mountain word stone is the east gate of the inner city (located in the east of the east of the north entrance of the city slightly east of Zhangye Road), called Laixu Gate. Outside the city gate is the urn city. The south of the gate is the south gate of the inner city (located in the south of Jiuquan Road at the east exit of Jinta Lane), called Gaolan Gate, commonly known as the South City Gate, and is the most majestic of Lanzhou City Tower. In the south of the building, hang the Qing Shaanxi and Gansu Governor Na Yancheng book plaque "Ten Thousand Miles of Golden Soup". In the southeast of the inner city is the Tang Puzhao Temple (located in the present-day Orchid Garden), the picture highlights the bell platform, which stands majestically and stands tall, and the golden Tai and iron bells (now protected in Wuquanshan Park) are hung on the platform, and the rest of the halls are mostly exposed in the green shade with large roofs. There are two flagpoles adjacent to the west of the temple, which is the Gansu Admiral College (i.e., the site of the Chengguan District People's Court) built in the second year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1876).

Guo Cheng, that is, Guancheng. The landmark building of Dongguan Street (now Qingyang Road) is the thirteen-level brick tower in the Baiyi Temple (now the City Museum) founded in the Ming Dynasty. Dongguo City Gate, named Ying'en Gate (located at the east entrance of today's square), is commonly known as Dongshao Gate. There is a bridge on the moat outside the city gate, and a flag is erected next to it. In the northeast corner of the East Gate, there is an arc-shaped city wall, a red flag flutters in the wall, this is the first year of Guangxu (1875) Zuo Zongtang built the gunpowder bureau (located in the rostrum of the square today), making gunpowder. The western part of the wall is very thick, and the eastern part of the wall is only a thin wall. Zuo had a foresight, because the west of the Gunpowder Bureau was the downtown of Dongguan, and in the event of an accidental explosion, the shock wave energy could be poured into the suburbs as much as possible, so as to reduce the damage to the downtown area. After the accidental explosion of the gunpowder bureau at 4 p.m. on October 27, 1935, people understood that without this structure, the damage in the city would have been terrible.

The Northeast Guomen is called Guangwu Gate (located in the cross of today's Guangwu Building), commonly known as Xinguan City Gate, built in the 12th year of Ming orthodoxy (1447), compared with other Guocheng built in Xuande of Ming Dynasty (1426-1435), it is a new building, hence the name. Guangwu Gate is a square (now the site of Gansu Forestry and Grassland Bureau) in the south, this is a small teaching field built in the third year of Qianlong (1738), out of Guangwu Gate and the east is built in the Ming orthodox 14th year (1449) of the big teaching field, all are martial arts fields, so it is called Guangwu Gate. The northeast department is called the Tianqian Gate (located at the north entrance of Jingning Road today), the door is against the Yellow River Tianyan, hence the name, and then called Qing'an Gate, which means Jiuqu Anlan. Commonly known as the water gate, it is the channel for the military and civilians of Dongguan and Xinguan to draw the water of the Yellow River.

The Nanguo City Gate is called Gonglan Gate (located in the south of the Lanzhou Cigarette Factory today), commonly known as the South Gate. The streets between the north and south in the picture are very clear, this is Xiaoyou Street, that is, the southern section of the old Jiuquan Road. The southeast Guocheng gate is called Tongyuan Gate, commonly known as Xiaoxiao Gate (located at the west entrance of Changjia Lane today). The southwest Guocheng Gate is called Anding Gate (located between the current Municipal Transportation Bureau and the Victory Hotel).

The Xiguo City Gate is called the Sleeve River Gate (located near the Xiguan Mosque at the west entrance of Linxia Road). Because King Zhuang of Ming Su observed Lanzhou "the southwest of the city, the mountain ring on three sides, there is the shape of the immortal dancing sleeves" ("Jintianguan Inscription"), the descendants called the Xichuan outside the city of Xiguo as the sleeve river, so the name is the sleeve Sichuan gate, commonly known as the West Slightly Gate. Two buildings stand out from Xiguan. One is the Xiguan Mosque that was built in the Kangxi period, and its six-eaves and four-story tower-type Bunker building rises from the ground, reflecting the situation that Xiguan was inhabited by the Hui people in the Qing Dynasty. Bunker Building is a slightly east ancient building, which is the Xiguan Huozu Temple (Linxia Road Primary School in the 60s of the last century). The south of the temple is the southwest Guo City Gate, called Jing'an Gate (located in the east of Peifeng Building, Linxia Road, slightly south of the intersection of Tongxiagou Road), commonly known as "Dead City Gate". In the past, the city gate could not be closed, and Lanzhou said "dead and lived". At that time, people were superstitious, thinking that as soon as the city gate was opened, it collided with the fire god of the Huozu Temple, and there would be a fire. Before (after) the founding of the People's Republic of China, superstition was dispelled, and the city gates that had been closed for many years were opened, and no fire broke out. The northeast Guo Gate of Xishaomen is called Tianshui Gate, and it is changed to Tongji Gate when Daoguang, commonly known as Qiaomen (located in the south of Zhongshan Iron Bridge today, the north exit of Zhongshan Road), and the town is far away, and you can go to Xinjiang, Ningxia and Qinghai. The bridge gate tower is slightly east, and the Wanghe tower built on the city wall is the Wanghe Tower. The square town in the north of Xiguan (located in the area of the second hospital of Neilan Medical College in Cuiyingmen) is the Gansu Juyuan founded after Zuo Zongtang divided Shaanxi and Gansu in the first year of Guangxu (1875). In the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), it was added and repaired by Governor Tan Zhonglin, and the city wall was built, which became a magnificent building in the courtyards of various provinces at that time. In the middle of the town is the Mingyuan Building, which is three floors high, and the invigilators can climb to monitor the order of the examination room during the township examination. In 1919, Liu Erxi, a gentleman from Lanzhou, moved to Wuquan Mountain and changed its name to Wanyuan Pavilion, which exists today. The north and south of the building are densely packed like a beehive is the number house, one for each candidate, and there are 4,000 rooms. The east of the building is to the public hall, the view of the hall, now exists. There are two flagpoles in the westernmost part of the building, which is the outer head of the dragon gate. There is a city gate in the southwest corner, and the name is the gate of the courtyard, and the title is "seeking talents for the country".