本期话题:以食为药,心血管病,EAT-Lancet,膳食纤维,肝移植,胃手术,生酮饮食,IBD,产后抑郁,武田,Metsera,Ultima Lab究研所,nati,倍特药业
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Nature: Food as Medicine – Clinical Trials Reveal Health Benefits of Dietary Interventions (Perspectives)
Nature Medicine——[82.9]
(1) The potential effects of dietary interventions in the treatment or delay of certain diseases are described here, with the DASH diet (which includes rich fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products) showing significant effects in lowering blood pressure, similar to the effects of drug therapy, and is recommended for lowering LDL cholesterol and blood pressure in adults; (2) The Mediterranean diet (supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or nuts) has also shown positive effects in reducing major cardiovascular events in high-risk adults; In the area of diabetes, a low-calorie diet can significantly improve remission rates in patients with type 2 diabetes;(4) Although there is insufficient evidence for dietary interventions in areas such as women's health (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome) and cognitive dementia, studies suggest that a healthy diet may have potential benefits in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
【Original Information】
Food is medicine: clinical trials show the health benefits of dietary interventions
2024-04-08, doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02891-1
JAMA Commentary: The current state and future of research on "food as medicine".
Jama——[120.7]
(1) the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)'s first-ever summit focused on the concept of "food as medicine" to prevent or treat diet-related diseases through nutrition programs;(2) Although the concept has been supported by the White House and has led to a large number of studies, there is currently a lack of rigorous data to support its effectiveness;(3) early studies have shown that customized meals and prescription of fresh fruits and vegetables can improve patients' eating habits and health, but these studies tend to have small sample sizes and short cycles;(4) Recent studies have found that the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program has a positive effect in increasing fruit and vegetable intake, lowering glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and body mass index;(5) Researchers are calling for more systematic studies to fill the gaps in the existing evidence, and expect to be clear in the coming years whether "food as medicine" can be part of health care.
【Original Information】
Produce Prescriptions Sound Good, but Data to Support Them Is Lacking—That Could Soon Change
2024-04-12 , Yogurt: 10.1001/jama.2024.2251
Sodium and fluid intake recommendations in patients with heart failure (Clinical Consensus Statement)
European Journal of Heart Failure——[18.2]
(1) Patients with heart failure have traditionally needed to limit sodium and fluid intake because of sodium and water retention in patients with heart failure, however, the latest evidence challenges this view;(2) The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for heart failure recommend that patients with heart failure should avoid excessive sodium intake with a daily salt intake of no more than 5g, and consider fluid restriction in patients with severe or advanced heart failure with a daily intake of no more than 1.5~2L;(3) For patients with stable chronic heart failure, normal sodium intake (1.5~4 g sodium/d, corresponding to salt 3.75~10 g/d) is recommended, and normal fluid intake is recommended, mainly adjusted according to thirst; (4) In conclusion, sodium and fluid intake recommendations need to be adjusted according to the specific situation of the patient, including the type of heart failure, treatment effect, and symptom severity, and future studies need to further clarify the optimal intake for different patient groups.
【Original Information】
Dietary sodium and fluid intake in heart failure. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
2024-04-12 , Yogurt: 10.1002/AJF.3244
A "plant-based" diet may reduce the risk of heart failure
JACC: Heart Failure——[12.544]
(1) studies have shown that following a healthy, plant-based diet pattern proposed by the EAT-Lancet Committee is associated with a lower risk of heart failure (HF); (2) 23,260 participants were included in a 25-year follow-up with 1,768 new cases of HF, and the EAT-Lancet Diet Index was created to assess adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet; (3) the effects of sociodemographic, lifestyle, diabetes, hypertension, A 3-point increase in the EAT-Lancet diet index was associated with a 7% reduction in the risk of heart failure after lipid-lowering drug use and body mass index, and this association was stable across several sensitivity analyses;(4) 136 plasma proteins were analyzed, of which 8 plasma proteins (AM, GDF15, IL6, TIM, CTSD, CCL20, FS and FUR) are inversely correlated with the EAT-Lancet Diet Index and positively correlated with HF risk, which provides information on potential pathways that mediate this diet-HF association.
【Original Information】
The EAT-Lancet Diet Index, Plasma Proteins, and Risk of Heart Failure in a Population-Based Cohort
2024-04-03 , Yogurt: 10.1016/J.JCF.2024.02.017
Increasing dietary fibre intake can help control high blood pressure (review)
Hypertension——[8.3]
(1) This review highlights the importance of dietary fibre in the control of hypertension and makes specific intake recommendations, and (2) the minimum daily intake of dietary fibre should be > 28 g/day for women and > for men in adults with high blood pressure38 g/day, with an estimated 2.8 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure and 2.1 mm Hg decrease in diastolic blood pressure for each additional 5 g/day;(3) adequate dietary fiber helps maintain a healthy gut flora and produces short-chain fatty acids that can lower blood pressure;(4) By providing specific dietary fiber intake goals and how to achieve them, it helps the medical team better educate patients and increase their dietary fiber intake, thereby reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk.
【Original Information】
Recommendations for the Use of Dietary Fiber to Improve Blood Pressure Control
2024-04-08 , doi: 10.1161/USSR.123.22575
Nutrition regimens for preoperative rehabilitation of liver transplantation (review)
Hepatology——[13.5]
(1) this review comprehensively summarizes recommendations for nutritional rehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis while awaiting liver transplantation (including assessment of the patient's nutritional status, nutritional interventions, and reassessment and adjustment of nutritional interventions as needed), emphasizing the importance of nutritional interventions in improving postoperative functional recovery; (2) detailed considerations of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake at different body mass indices, other nutritional considerations, and the potential role of dietary supplements and nutrients; (3) The study notes that while the general principles of nutritional rehabilitation are already immediately applicable, future large-scale randomized controlled trials will help quantify the benefits that can be achieved by shifting the liver transplant approach from a passive "waiting time" to an active "transplant preparation time";
【Original Information】
Nutritional aspects of prehabilitation in adults with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant
2024-03-28 , Yogurt: 10.1097/Hep.0000000000000818
Is nutritional therapy beneficial before gastrointestinal surgery? (review)
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews——[8.4]
(1) This review included 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2164 participants that evaluated the effects of preoperative nutritional therapy versus usual care in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery through meta-analysis;(2) no clear effect was shown for non-infectious complications, infectious complications, and length of hospital stay, whether intravenous, enteral, or oral; (3) sensitivity analyses suggest that standard oral supplementation may slightly reduce the risk of infection in patients who are malnourished or have lost weight;(4) Overall, due to the uncertainty of the evidence, it is uncertain whether nutritional supplementation in addition to a normal diet is better for people undergoing digestive surgery;(5) Given the rapid recovery after surgery (ERAS) procedures commonly used in modern hospitals, higher quality multicentre studies are needed in the future, and further studies in low- and middle-income countries are recommended.
【Original Information】
Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery
2024-04-08 , doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008879.pub3
Diet and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Ideas for Prevention and Treatment (Review)
Advances in Nutrition——[9.3]
(1) This umbrella review assesses the relationship between dietary factors and the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), (2) dietary factors associated with increased incidence and/or progression of IBD include high intake of red and processed meat, other processed foods and refined sugars, and low intake of vegetables, fruits, and dietary fibre; (3) there are some differences in risk factors for Crohn's disease (UC) and ulcerative colitis (CD), with increased dietary fibre intake inversely correlated with the incidence of CD but not with UC; (4) These associations are reflected in the study of inflammatory markers, microbiota and other mechanisms, which increases the level of causal certainty;(5) The findings of this review could provide evidence for nutritional counselling and be a useful complement to traditional treatment options for IBD.
【Original Information】
Diet, food, and nutritional exposures and inflammatory bowel disease or progression of disease: an umbrella review
2024-04-08 , doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100219
Optimizing ketogenic diet therapy may improve immunotherapy for prostate cancer
Cancer Research——[11.2]
(1) This study found that ketogenic diet (KD) can alter the epigenetic and immune environment of prostate cancer (PCa) and overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy; (2) The study established ICB-resistant PCa cell lines and found that the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) volina, Cyclic ketogenic diet (CKD) or supplementation with β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB, which is endogenous HDACi) can effectively inhibit PCa tumor growth;(3) Both CKD and BHB supplementation alone can delay PCa tumor growth, and both BHB and adaptive immunity are necessary for the anti-tumor activity of CKD;(4) Single-cell transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed that HDACi and ketogenic effects can enhance the expression of MHC class I molecules, chemoattractant CD8+ T cells, and balance M1/ in cancer cells by enhancing MHC class I molecule expression, chemotaxis CD8+ T cells, and balance M1/ M2 macrophages, promoting monocyte-presenting cell differentiation, and reducing neutrophil infiltration improve ICB efficacy;(5) These findings provide a potential clinical pathway for ICB therapy with enhanced PCa using HDACi and optimized KD regimens.
【Original Information】
Ketogenic diet alters the epigenetic and immune landscape of prostate cancer to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
2024-04-08 , doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-2742
Blueberry oral solution has potential value in reducing postpartum depression
EClinicalMedicine——[15.1]
(1) This study evaluated the effect of a dietary supplement on postpartum depression symptoms through a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial;(2) 103 pregnant women randomized to receive either an oral supplement or an identical-looking placebo with blueberry juice and extract given four times between the evening of day 3 and the morning of day 5 postpartum, 2 grams of tryptophan on the evening of day 4 postpartum and 10 grams of tyrosine on the morning of day 5; There was no significant effect on the visual analogue scale score induced by depressed mood;(4) the Stein Maternity Blues score was lower in the supplementation group than in the placebo group in the exploratory measure of postpartum depression, suggesting that supplementation may have some effect on reducing postpartum depression;(5) 26 and 40 different adverse events occurred in supplementation (25%) and placebo (42%), respectively;(6) although no positive effect was shown in the primary outcome, supplementation showed some potential value in reducing postpartum depression.
【Original Information】
Dietary supplement for mood symptoms in early postpartum: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial
2024-04-10 , doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102593
Takeda's vedolizumab subcutaneous injection was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Crohn's disease
(1) On April 18, Takeda announced that the FDA has granted new indication for the subcutaneous formulation of vedolizumab, (2) as a maintenance regimen for adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD) after receiving an induction regimen of vedolizumab in an intravenous (IV) dosage form, and (3) the results of the Phase 3 VISIBLE 2 study showed that the proportion of patients achieving long-term clinical remission was significantly higher in the subcutaneous vedelizumab group than in the placebo group (48% VS 34%);(4) Verdexlizumab is a humanized α4β7 monoclonal antibody that exerts anti-inflammatory effects by specifically antagonizing integrin α4β7.
【Original Information】
Takeda's vedolizumab subcutaneous injection was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Crohn's disease
2024-04-19 , Pharmacube
Metsera is founded and raises $290 million in financing
(1) On April 18, Metsera announced the establishment of Metsera and completed a financing of US$290 million (about RMB 2.10 billion); (2) Metsera was founded by Population Health Partners and ARCH Venture Partners, and the institutions participating in the investment included F-Prime Capital, GV and Mubadala Capital; (3) Focused on developing the next generation of drugs for obesity and metabolic diseases, Metsera is advancing a broad portfolio of oral and injectable enterohormones, non-enteric hormones and combination therapies;(4) Metsera has a proprietary library of more than 20,000 intestinal hormone peptides and peptide/antibody drug conjugates, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual amylase/calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs).
【Original Information】
Metsera Launches to Lead the Next Generation of Medicines for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases
2024-04-18 , Metsera
Ultima Lab, a functional food science company, completed a seed round of financing of nearly 10 million yuan
(1) At the beginning of February, Ultima Lab, a functional food science research and development company, completed a seed round of financing of nearly 10 million yuan, with the participation of Changsai Fund and the former Perfect Diary Co-Creation;(2) Ultima Lab focuses on the functional food industry, and has launched products for men's liver protection and drinking market, and plans to launch new products for women's emotions and liver protection;(3) The business structure of Ultima Lab is upstream control process and raw material technology research and development, and downstream deep exploration channels;(4) The existing funds of Ultima Lab are mainly used for team building and R&D, and the future financing will be used for channel construction and self-operated factories to launch more effective raw materials and formulations to serve the whole industry.
【Original Information】
36 Krypton debut | Ultima Lab, a functional food science research and development company, completed a seed round of financing of nearly 10 million yuan
2024-04-16 , 36氪
Neurenati closed its second $1.7 million seed round
(1) Recently, Neurenati Therapeutics completed the second seed round of financing of US$1.7 million (about RMB 12.31 million) supported by the government of Quebec, Canada;(2) Together with the angel round of financing, Neurenati Therapeutics raised a total of US$2.9 million to advance the clinical trial development of the pipeline drug NEU-001;(3) NEU-001 is intended for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, a rare pediatric gastrointestinal disorder that affects approximately 1,300 neonates annually in North America, (4) Neurenati Therapeutics plans to submit IND applications in Canada and the U.S. by the end of 2025, and to develop additional novel drugs in pediatric rare diseases.
【Original Information】
Neurenati Therapeutics Concludes a Second Seed Financing of 1.7 Million $ With the Support of Impulsion PME
2024-04-18 , Businesswire
Beite Pharmaceutical's generic drug "empagliflozin tablets" was approved for production
(1) Recently, the State Food and Drug Administration approved Beite Pharmaceutical's empagliflozin tablets to be imitated for production in category 4, which is regarded as over-evaluation;(2) Empagliflozin tablets are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which has the effects of lowering glucose, reducing weight and reducing the risk of complications;(3) The sales of empagliflozin tablets in China's three major terminals and six major markets in 2022 will exceed 500 million yuan;(4) At present, there are 20 companies in the market with the production approval of empagliflozin tablets, and three companies including Beite Pharmaceutical were approved on the same day.
【Original Information】
【Market】Beite won 500 million oral hypoglycemic drugs
2024-04-18 , Minenet
Thanks to the reviewers of this issue: Chen Binlin, Zhang Tailiu, and Richard, Registered Dietitians
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