GB/T13016-2018 standard system construction principles and requirements

Preface

This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This standard replaces GB/T 13016-2009 "Principles and Requirements for the Preparation of Standard System Tables", and the main changes compared with GB/T 13016-2009 are as follows:

The name was changed to "Principles and Requirements for the Construction of the Standard System":

Modified Scope;

Deletion of "normative references" (see Chapter 2 of the 2009 edition);

In Chapter 2, the "System" was modified to include "Terminology Standards", "Process Standards", "Service Standards", "Interface Standards", "Specifications",

"Procedures", with the addition of terms such as "environment", "boundary", "standard system model" (see Chapter 3 of the 2009 edition);

The addition of "General Approach to Building a Standards System" (see Chapter 4);

Several typical reference sequence structure diagrams have been added: enterprise value chain sequence structure, industrial product sequence structure, and information service sequence

Sequence structure diagrams such as structure, project management sequence structure, etc. (see Appendix A);

Delete Chapter 6, Consolidated Standards System Table (see Chapter 6 of the 2009 Edition);

Delete the original Appendices A and B (see Appendix A and Appendix B of the 2009 edition).

This standard is proposed and centralized by the China National Institute of Standardization.

The drafting unit of this standard: China National Institute of Standardization.

The main drafters of this standard: Yue Gaofeng, Du Junpeng, Zhu Hong, Yang Qinghai, Sun Zhaoyang, Zhang Yurun.

The previous versions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows:

-GB/T 13016-1991、GB/T 13016-2009.

introduction

Constructing a standard system is a method to use system theory to guide standardization work. The construction of the standard system is mainly reflected in the preparation of standard architecture diagrams and standard schedules, the provision of standard statistical tables, and the preparation of standard system preparation instructions, which is the basis and premise of the construction of the standard system, and also the basis for the preparation of the standard system, revision plans and plans. The standard system table is a blueprint that contains the existing, due, and expected standards within a certain range, and is a standard system model.

1 Scope

This standard stipulates the basic principles, general methods and content requirements of the standard system table for constructing the standard system. This standard is applicable to the planning, design and evaluation of various standard systems.

2 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

2.1System

system

An organic whole with a specific function formed by the combination of several components that interact and depend on each other.

Note 1: A system can refer to an entire entity, and a component of a system may also be a system, which can be referred to as a subsystem.

Note 2: The system is made up of elements.

2.2环境 environment

Various factors that exist outside the system and have an impact on the system.

2.3边界 border

Distinguish between the boundaries between the internal elements of the system and the external environment.

2.4标准体系 standard system

The standards within a certain range are formed as an organic whole of science according to their internal connections.

2.5标准体系模型 model of standard system

A model used to express and describe the objectives, boundaries, scope, environment, and structural relationships of the standard system, and to reflect the standardization development plan.

Note: A standard system model is a method or tool used to plan, implement, inspect and improve a standard system.

2.6标准体系表 diagram of standard system

A standard architecture model, which usually includes a standard architecture diagram, a standard schedule, and can also contain a standard statistical table and compilation instructions.

2.7行业 industry

A trade (or industry) is a collection of all units engaged in economic activity of the same nature.

[GB/T 4754-2011, Definition 2.1]

2.8专业 sub-industry

A set of all units engaged in economic activities of the same nature subdivided within an industry (or industry).

Note: The "medium class, small class" referred to in GB/T 4754 is still called professional considering the customary usage.

2.9相关标准 relevant standard

Standards within other systems that are closely related to the system and need to be adopted directly.

2.10个性标准 particular standard

A standard that directly expresses the personality characteristics of a standardized object (product or series of products, processes, services, or management).

2.11共性标准 common standard

Criteria that simultaneously express common features that exist among several types of standardized objects.

3 The basic principles of building a standard system

3.1 Clear objectives

The standard system serves the business goals, and the construction of the standard system should first clarify the standardization goals.

3.2 Comprehensive set

It should focus on the goal of the standard system, which is reflected in the integrity of the system, that is, the comprehensive integrity of the subsystem and sub-systems of the system and the comprehensive completeness of the standards listed in the standard schedule.

3.3 Appropriate hierarchies

The standard system table should have the appropriate levels:

a) Each standard in the standard schedule should have a corresponding hierarchy in the standard architecture diagram:

Note 1: From a certain range of several similar standards, the general technical requirements are extracted to form a common standard and placed at the upper level:

Note 2: The basic standard should be placed at a higher level, that is, its scope of application should be expanded to facilitate uniformity within a certain range.

b) Starting from the individual standard, extract the common technical requirements as the common standard of the upper level;

e)that in order to facilitate understanding and reduce complexity, the level of the standard system should not be too large;

d) The same standard should not be included in two or more subsystems at the same time.

Note 3: According to the scope of application of the standard, the standard should be appropriately arranged at different levels. In general, the scope of application of the standard should be broadened as much as possible, or arranged as far as possible in the high 3.4 to be clearly demarcated

At the level, that is, the standards that should be coordinated and unified in a large range should not be formulated separately in several small areas, so as to achieve the reasonable and simplified composition of the system as much as possible.

The division of subsystems or categories in the standard system table, and the determination of the scope and boundaries of each subsystem, should mainly be based on the identity of the nature of standardized activities such as industries, professions or categories, rather than according to the jurisdiction of administrative agencies.

4 A general approach to building a standard system

4.1 Determine the objectives of the standardization policy

Before constructing a standard system, the following contents should be understood first, so as to guide and coordinate the construction of the standard system of relevant departments:

a) Understand the business strategy underpinned by standardization:

b) Clarify the vision of the construction of the standard system and the goals to be achieved in the near future:

c) Determine the standardization policy or strategy (implementation strategy), guiding ideology, and basic principles to achieve the standardization goal:

Determine the scope and boundaries of the standards system.

Investigation

Conduct research on the standards system, which typically includes:

a) the domestic and international situation of the construction of the standard system;

b) the existing standardization base, including the standards developed and the relevant standardization research projects and work projects undertaken;

c) Standardization-related problems:

d) The need for the construction of the standard system.

4.3 Analysis and organization

According to the policy, objectives and specific standardization needs of the standard system construction, and drawing on the structural framework of the existing standard system at home and abroad, the standard system is analyzed from the perspective of several different standardization objects such as the type, professional field, level, function, and business life cycle of the standard, and the structural relationship of the standard system is determined from the surface.

4.4 Preparation of standard system tables

Preparation of standard system tables, usually reported:

a) Determine the standard architecture diagram

According to the results of standard analysis of different dimensions, the appropriate dimensions are selected as the main dimensions of the standard system framework, and the standard body is compiled

Department structure diagram, write the content description of the subsystems at all levels of the standard architecture and the standard system modules.

b) Preparation of standard schedules

Collect and sort out external standards such as international standards and national standards to be adopted, as well as existing internal standards in this field, and propose the near future and future

Plan a list of standards to be formulated and prepare a detailed list of standards.

c) Preparation of a description of the preparation of the standard system table

See 5.4 for the relevant content of the instructions for the preparation of the standard system table.

4.5 Dynamic Maintenance Updates

The standard system is a dynamic system, which should be continuously optimized and improved in the process of use, and maintained and updated with the continuous changes in business needs and technological development.

5. Requirements for the content of the standard system table

5.1 Standard Architecture Diagram

5.1.1 General

The standard architecture diagram is used to express the scope, boundary, internal structure, and intention of the standard system, and the standard system table usually includes the standard architecture diagram, the standard schedule, the standard statistical table and the description of the preparation of the standard system; the structural relationship of the standard system generally includes the "hierarchical" relationship between the upper and lower layers, or the "sequence" relationship arranged in a certain logical order, and can also be combined by the combination of the above structures. 5.1.2 Symbols and Conventions

The compilation of the standard system table should conform to the following symbolic conventions:

a) The standard architecture diagram is represented by a rectangular box, and the text in the box indicates the name of the standard system or standard subsystem:

b)that in general, a box represents a set of criteria, and if the text in the box is underlined, the box only indicates the meaning of the title of the system,

It does not contain specific criteria;

Each box can be numbered, and a standard schedule can be prepared according to the number:

The boxes are connected by solid or dotted lines:

The solid line is used to represent the hierarchical relationship and sequence relationship between the boxes, and the line that does not represent the above relationship is used as a dotted line:

In order to show the coordination and matching relationship with other systems, the relationship between the box of this system and the relevant standards is indicated by a dotted line: the standards that should belong to other systems that are formulated by this system are also connected by a dotted line as relevant standards, and should be explained in the description of the preparation of the standard system.

5.1.3 Hierarchy

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the standard level and the standard level of the continental standards system.

Note 1: National standards, industry standards, group standards, local standards, and enterprise standards represent different levels of standards according to the authority of the standard issuing body.

Note 2: The scope of the national standard system covers cross-industry national general comprehensive standards, industry-wide general standards, professional general standards, as well as product standards, service standards, process standards and management standards.

Note 3: Industry standard system. It is a standard system planned, built and maintained by the competent department of the industry, covering the general standards of the industry and the subdivision of the industry

- Level 1 Majors (Level 2 Majors...... standards, as well as product standards, service standards, process standards, and management standards.

Note 4: Group standards are standards issued by social groups according to the market-oriented mechanism, which may include national general standards, industry general standards, and professional general standards. and product standards, service standards, process standards or management standards, etc., please refer to GB/T 20004.1-2016 Group Standardization Part 1: Good Conduct Guidelines.

Figure 1 The hierarchy and level relationship of the standard system

For the hierarchy of products from multiple industries in a standard architecture diagram, see the structure diagram shown in Figure 2.

Note 1: The "basic standard" of the "specialty" in the figure indicates the "basic standard of the profession" under the m industry. Note 2: The product K standard in the figure refers to the k-th product (or service) standard.

Figure 2 Standard architecture hierarchy for multi-industry products

5.1.4 Sequence structure

Sequence structure refers to the standard architecture diagram compiled around the specific technical requirements or spatial sequences of each stage of the life cycle of a product, service, process, etc., as shown in Appendix A.

5.1.5 Other structures

In addition to the hierarchical structure and sequence structure, other standard architecture diagrams, such as functional centralized structure, matrix structure, and three-dimensional structure, can also be proposed according to business needs and in accordance with the principles and requirements of this standard.

5.2 Standard Schedules

The header of a standards schedule describes the different attributes of a standard (or subsystem). The header of a common standard schedule can include the serial number, standard system number, subsystem name, standard name, reference standard number, centralized department, urgency, appropriate level, standard status, etc. Table 1 shows the general format of the standard schedule.

Table 1xx (Hierarchy or Sequence Number) standard schedule

Table 1 describes the header attributes as follows:

a) the number of the standard system, the number of the standard or subsystem included in the schedule of standards, which may contain the meaning of the level in which the subsystem is located; b) the name of the subsystem, the name of the subsystem included in the standard system:

e) The name of the standard, the name of the standard that has been published or is to be developed:

d) Reference standard number, cited external standard number:

e) Centralized management of the unit, standard or subsystem:

The level at which the standard to be formulated or revised is to be formulated, such as national standards, industry standards, local standards, group standards, enterprise standards, etc.: g) the date of implementation, the date on which the standard or subsystem has been implemented or is to be implemented;

h) Remarks, other elements not included in the above columns.

5.3 Standard Statistical Tables

The standard statistical table format is divided into different standard categories and statistical items according to the statistical purpose, and the general format is shown in Table 2.

5.4 Instructions for the preparation of standard system tables

The content of the preparation instructions of the standard system table generally includes:

a. Background of the construction of the standard system:

b. The construction objectives, construction basis and implementation principles of the standard system:

c. Summary of relevant standardization at home and abroad;

d. Principles and basis for the division of subsystems at all levels:

e. Descriptions of subsystems at all levels, including main contents, scope of application, etc.;

f. Cross-cutting with other systems and handling opinions:

g. Opinions on the need for coordination and coordination of other systems:

h. Combined with statistical tables, analyze the gaps and weak links between existing standards and international and foreign countries, and clarify the main direction of attack in the future;

i. Suggestions for standard formulation and revision planning:

j. Miscellaneous.

Appendix A

(Informative Appendix)

Refer to the sequence structure diagram

A.1 System Life Cycle Sequence

Figure A.1 shows the sequence structure according to the life cycle phases of the system (concept, development, production, use, support, and decommissioning).

Note 1: The node names in the sequence are for example purposes only.

Note 2: For the meaning of the sequence form, please refer to the division of life cycle stages in GB/T 22032-2008.

Figure A.1 Sequence structure diagram

A.2 Enterprise value chain sequence

The sequence structure around the value chain of the enterprise is decomposed from three major aspects: enterprise strategy and culture, business operation, and management support, as shown in Figure A.2.

Figure A.2 Enterprise value chain sequence

A.3 Industrial product production sequence

In the field of manufacturing, standards for different stages are formulated around the design, testing, manufacturing, product or semi-finished products, sales, and scrap disposal of products, as shown in Figure A.3.

A.4 Information Services Sequence Diagram

A.4 shows the sequence structure around the collection, processing, storage, access, development and utilization, and services of information.

A.5 Project Management Sequence Diagram

A.5 shows the division of the project sequence structure around the project stages such as project establishment, engineering construction, completion acceptance, operation and maintenance and evaluation.

bibliography

[1] GB/T 18999-2003 Concepts and rules of enterprise model for industrial automation systems

[2] GB/T 22032-2008 Systems Engineering System Life Cycle Process

The material comes from the Internet.

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